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A Brief Interpretation of AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition LU Jin, ZHANG Ying, PAN Xueying, WANG Jian, YAN Guofeng, ZHOU Jing, ZHU Lian, CHEN Xuejin, LI Yao, PANG Wanyong Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (3): 195-206.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.086 Abstract （1540）   HTML （419）    PDF （963KB）（1010）       Knowledge map    Save Overdose of injectable barbiturates or barbituric acid derivatives is the most preferred euthanasia method for the majority of animal species. However, these controlled drugs have limited access, and in this case or in any other scientific concerns, veterinarians may choose alternative, conditional acceptable methods as recommended by American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. In the newest 2020 Edition, existing euthanasia methods, techniques and agents of euthanasia are updated according to recently released articles. This article summarized the updated content of the new version of the AVMA Guidelines and on this basis, enumerated the most preferred methods of euthanasia, methods acceptable with conditions and unacceptable methods to euthanize different animal species. In addition, principles and precautions related to animal euthanasia were also briefly described. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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General Anesthetics Commonly Used for Laboratory Animals Xiao LU, Lingzhi YU, Sonja Tsung-Ying CHOU, Ruying LI, Wenjun CHEN, Shanxiang JIANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 18-26.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.011 Abstract （1431）   HTML （224）    PDF （903KB）（2624）       Knowledge map    Save General anesthetics used for laboratory animals are mostly controlled drugs, and are subject to strict supervision by the competent government agency in China. Many general anesthetics recommended in the literature are either unavailable or difficult to procure/access in the market, resulting in limited options for clinical use. Furthermore, not all laboratory veterinarians have practical experience in species-specific anesthetic selection and use. Owing to these factors, general anesthesia presents a common institutional challenge in animal surgical programs and serves as a bottleneck that restricts the sustainable development of biomedical industries working with laboratory animal species. This article summarizes the pharmacological properties of common general anesthetics and provides suggestions for general anesthesia in different laboratory animal species. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anesthetic Effects of Different Doses of Zoletil Combined with Serazine Hydrochloride on C57BL/6J Mice Chengji WANG, Qing CHAI, Hui GONG, Jue WANG, Yinghan WAN, Zhengye GU, Xu BAO, Ruling SHEN Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 31-35.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.064 Abstract （1196）   HTML （47）    PDF （883KB）（912）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To observe the duration of anesthesia in C57BL/6J mice anesthetized using different doses of Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride to provide an effective reference for all types of mouse surgery and related experimental design. Methods One hundred C57BL/6J mice (half male and female) were randomly divided into five groups, with 20 mice (half male and female) in each group. The mice in the four groups were intraperitoneally injected with 55 mg/kg Zoletil and 13.75 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, 65 mg/kg Zoletil and 16.25 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, 75 mg/kg Zoletil and 18.75 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, or 85 mg/kg Zoletil and 21.25 mg/kg serazine hydrochloride, respectively. After the righting reflex stopped, one drop (about 20 μL) was injected into each eye, and the mice were placed on a heat preservation pad. Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 μL normal saline. Differences in the anesthesia induction time, maintenance time, and awakening time were observed and compared. The mice were fed for one day after anesthesia; serum was collected, and liver and kidney function indexes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (CREA) were determined using Hitachi 7080 automatic biochemical analyzer. Results The success rate of anesthesia in C57BL/6J mice treated with Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride was 100%. When the anesthetic dose was 55-75 mg/kg, the anesthesia was induced quickly and safely, and the anesthetic effect was good. The duration of anesthesia was proportional to the injection dose of Zoletil (r2 = 0.827 in male mice, r2 =0.841 in female mice, both P < 0.01), and the induction time was inversely proportional to the injection dose (r2 =0.432 in male mice, r2=0.410 in female mice, both P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in liver and kidney function between the groups and the control group (P＞0.05). Conclusion Anesthetizing C57BL/6J mice with Zoletil combined with serazine hydrochloride is a reliable and stable method, and the duration of anesthesia can be controlled by adjusting the dosage. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anesthetic Effects of Zoletil and Xylazine on Bama Mini-pigs Laien XUE Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 26-30.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.103 Abstract （1100）   HTML （28）    PDF （896KB）（679）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the anesthetic effects of Zoletil and Xylazine combined anesthesia on Bama mini-pig, and to observe the effect of combined anesthesia on the physiological indexes of Bama mini-pigs. Methods Thirty-two Bama mini-pigs undergoing surgical abdominal surgery were anesthetized by injecting Xylazine (2 mg/kg) combined with different doses of Zoletil (3.0-7.0 mg/kg) into the muscles behind the neck. The effective time of anesthesia, anesthesia maintenance time, and recovery time were recorded. Body temperature, respiration, heart rate, and other physiological indicators were monitored during anesthesia. Results The success rate of induction anesthesia at 3.0-3.9 mg/kg and 4.0-7.0 mg/kg of Zoletil was 50% and 100%, respectively. When the dosage of Zoletil was 4.0-7.0 mg/kg, the induction anesthesia time was shorter, the anesthesia maintenance time was longer, and there was no effect on the recovery time. When the dose of Zoletil was 5.0-5.9 mg/kg, the physiological indicators were close to the normal range. Conclusion The dosage of 5.0-5.9 mg/kg Zoletil combined with 2 mg/kg Xylazine had a positive effect on Bama mini-pigs as the vital signs remained stable during operation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Comparative Analysis of CNAS Laboratory Animal Institutions Accreditation and AAALAC Certification Xiaohuai WU, Qiaozhe XIAO, Wanyong PANG, Yu BAI, Yao LI, Xuancheng LU, Tao FENG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 237-243.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.033 Abstract （985）   HTML （131）    PDF （821KB）（1698）       Knowledge map    Save China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) laboratory animal institutions accreditation is an important system for the management of laboratory animals in China. It is a third-party evaluation on Chinese characteristics dedicated to ensuring the quality and welfare of laboratory animals in China. The American Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) certification provides global services about animal welfare evaluation and ethical certification, which are important for management and use of laboratory animals. This study compared and analyzed the nature of CNAS and AAALAC, the nature of CNAS accreditation and AAALAC certification, the evaluation principles, required documents, the evaluation process, the management of reviewers, and the acceptance of results, and discussed the differences and characteristics of the two evaluation systems for laboratory animal institutions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Preliminary Method for Continuous Drainage of Mesenteric Lymph Fluid in Rats Xiaorui ZHANG, Jing CAO, Qianqian WU, Kang KANG, Guoyuan CHEN, Baojin WU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 267-274.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.024 Abstract （855）   HTML （643）    PDF （2951KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a novel sustained collection method for mesenteric lymph fluid by means of assisted reflux from the mesenteric-jugular lymphatic duct in rats. Methods Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. The control group underwent duodenal and intestinal lymphatic duct cannulation, after which intestinal lymph fluid was collected. The experimental group underwent jugular vein and intestinal lymphatic duct cannulation to establish intestinal-jugular lymphatic duct assisted reflux. The intestinal lymph fluid was collected on the 7th day after the operation using an awake mobility device. The flow rate of intestinal lymph fluid was recorded, and its cellular components and some biochemical indicators were detected. Results Mesenteric-jugular lymphatic duct vein cannulation assisted reflux was successfully established in rats, and the rat models could be maintained for more than seven days. The intestinal lymph flow rate was （2.01±0.12） mL/h in the experimental group, which was higher than that of the control group [(0.92±0.09) mL/h, P＜0.01]. The number of lymphocytes (LYM#) and percentage of lymphocytes (LYM/%) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). The percentage of neutrophils (NEUT/%) and percentage of monocytes (MONO/%) were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05, respectively). The concentrations of K+, Na+, CO2, and urea in the lymph fluid of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01). However, the concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and P3+ were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion This novel method can achieve real-time and long-term collection of mesenteric lymph fluid in rats under the condition of being awake, unrestricted in diet and in normal state, avoiding the influence of surgical stress, general anesthesia or animal restraint on the experimental results. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅰ) Jian WANG, Jin LU, Zhengwen MA, Guoyuan CHEN, Xiao LU, Yu BAI, Xiaoyu LIU, Xuancheng LU, Jing GAO, Yao LI, Wanyong Pang Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (2): 213-224.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.043 Abstract （851）   HTML （50）    PDF （1622KB）（446）       Knowledge map    Save Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. this article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org ). The first part of the article includes the preface and the "Key 10" section, which covers "study design" "sample size" and "inclusion and exclusion criteria". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on the Accreditation for Laboratory Animal Institutions of CNAS WU Xiaohuai Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (5): 384-391.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.141 Abstract （744）   HTML （276）    PDF （1886KB）（871）       Knowledge map    Save The accreditation for laboratory animal institutions of China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) is a third-party evaluation program that is in line with international practices and China's national conditions, it is complementary to the national laboratory animal license system, and is an important system for the management of laboratory animal institutions. This paper introduces the origin, development, status quo, problems, and challenges of CNAS laboratory animal accreditation, and proposes countermeasures and suggestions for improving the accreditation system of laboratory animal institutions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and Evaluation of Animal Models for Cerebral Ischemia HU Zhibin, HUANG Ying, DING Yuqiang Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (4): 271-283.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.085 Abstract （727）   HTML （256）    PDF （17292KB）（470）       Knowledge map    Save Cerebral ischemia is a common clinical cerebrovascular disease, accounting for about 80% of all cerebrovascular diseases, and it is mainly caused by insufficient blood supply to the cerebrovascular system. Multiple animal models have currently been used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of cerebral ischemia. In order to provide a reference for the selection and improvement of animal models for exploration of underlying mechanisms, this review highlights multiple animal models on global and focal cerebral ischemia with diagrams, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages. The choice of animals, behavioral evaluations of rodent sensory-motor activities, and histological evaluation progress for cerebral ischemia models are also outlined. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and Comparison of Mouse Pancreatic Cancer Orthotopic Model for Minimally Invasive Ablation Therapy Study Lujing MAO, Nana ZHANG, Hao LIU, Aihua SHI, Ziyu ZHU, Yi LÜ Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (2): 127-134.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.094 Abstract （726）   HTML （60）    PDF （2166KB）（847）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer established by orthotopic injection of tumor cells and transplantation of tumor tissue block, in order to provide technical reference for the establishment of orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer with the purpose of precision ablation treatment.Methods A total of twenty healthy aged 6-8 weeks male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups, with five mice per group. Direct injection of mouse pancreatic cancer Panc02 cell was used in group A, direct injection of mouse pancreatic cancer Panc02 cell (containing matrigel) was used in group B, tumor tissue block transplantation of mouse pancreatic cancer was used in group C, the tumor tissue block hydrogel bonding method was used in group D. The tumor formation rate, tumor size, the degree of abdominal organ adhesion, tumor metastasis were observed after surgery in each group of mice. Tumor histomorphology and expressions of Ki67 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry, repectively.Results The tumor formation rates in groups A, B, C, and D were 60%, 80%, 100%, and 100% respectively. After modeling for 16 d, the tumor volume of mice in group A was (47.80±42.99) mm3, with poor homogeneity. The tumor volume of mice in groups B, C and D [(68.43±16.77) mm3, (105.86±17.25) mm3, (128.98±13.41) mm3 , respectively] was significantly larger than that in group A (P < 0.01), with better homogeneity. The severe abdominal adhesion rate in group A mice was 100% and 80% in group B, and no severe abdominal adhesions occurred in groups C and D. The metastasis rate was 100% in group A and 60% in group B, and no tumor metastases were found in mice in groups C and D. There was no difference in the tumor formation of the four groups of mice, and no significant difference in the expression of Ki67 and α-SMA proteins in the tumor tissues (P > 0.05).Conclusion The establishment of orthotopic pancreatic cancer in mice by tumor tissue transplantation and hydrogel adhesion has the advantages of high tumor formation rate, less metastasis, mild adhesion of abdominal cavity, no change in the biological characteristics of tumor cells, easy operation and popularization, and better modeling effect. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Application Progress in Visualized RPA-LFD Nucleic Acid Detection Technology YU Lingzhi, TAO Lingyun, WEI Xiaofeng Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (6): 547-553.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.019 Abstract （707）   HTML （30）    PDF （1922KB）（591）       Knowledge map    Save Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. Compared to PCR, it features ease of use, high efficiency, high sensitivity, high specificity, and does not need specific instruments, which allows it as an alternative to PCR and the most promising tool for rapid molecular diagnosis. RPA combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) (RPA-LFD) enables visual detection of amplified products and has promising applications for rapid nucleic acid detection of pathogens on site. The novel technique provides a new method for quality supervision and inspection of laboratory animals. In this paper, we reviewed the principle, research status, and technical difficulties of RPA-LFD, as well as the progress in rapid extraction of nucleic acid on site. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Tyzzer’s Organism in Quality Control of Laboratory Animals Junhao TAO, Huiqiong YAN, Hui XIE, Huazhong YING, Fangwei DAI Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 358-363.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.166 Abstract （692）   HTML （637）    PDF （730KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save Tyzzer's organism is a kind of Clostridium piliforme, formerly Bacillus piliformis, which can cause hepatointestinal necrosis and diarrhea in animals. Tyzzer's disease caused by this pathogen is an acute disease with rapid onset, high mortality and no obvious clinical symptoms, so it is difficult to make early diagnosis and treatment. Once the outbreak, it will cause irreparable economic losses and laboratory safety problems. This article reviewed the biological characteristics, epidemiological and disease characteristics, detection methods, research progress of Tyzzer's organism, as well as the prevention and treatment of Tyzzer's organism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a Mouse Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model and Histological Characteristics XIA Congcong, LIU Haole, WEI Panpan, CHENG Daxin, XU Baohui, LIU Enqi, ZHAO Sihai Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (6): 480-485.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.115 Abstract （643）   HTML （97）    PDF （25542KB）（227）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the method of establishing C57BL/6J mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) model by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE, 1.5 U/mL in PBS) perfusion and evaluating its histological characteristics. Methods Thirty male mice were divided into two groups, the model group ( n=20) and solvent control group ( n=10). After opening the abdominal cavity in all mice, the infrarenal abdominal aorta to the iliac artery segment was isolated and perfused with PPE solution at a dose of 1.5 U/mL for 5 minutes. After the operation, the abdomen was closed and sutured. The aorta segment of the control group was perfused with PBS. The diameters of the abdominal aorta were measured before and after 14 days of the operation, and perfusion aorta segments were collected 14 days after operation for following histological analysis. The histological characteristics of the aneurysms were analyzed and graded by histological and immunohistochemical methods. Results Compared with the preoperative or PBS solvent control mice, the abdominal aortic diameters were significantly increased in the PPE perfused group on day 14 after operation (0.53±0.03 mm, 0.78±0.06 mm vs 1.20±0.12 mm, respectively). Histological analysis revealed that the PPE-infused AAA segments had elastic fiber breakage, smooth muscle cell depletion, and increased inflammation response, which resembles the typical pathological features of AAA, suggesting the mice model of AAA was successfully induced by PPE infusion. According to the histological characteristics of the AAA lesions, we graded the aneurysms and established a revised practical method for evaluating the aneurysm lesions in the experimental AAA mouse model. Conclusion A methodological system for establishment and histopathological evaluation of PPE-induced AAA in mice has been successfully established. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Methods and Comparative Research Progress of Premature Ovarian Failure Animal Models LI Hongxuan, LI Sihui, FENG Jiaxin, TANG Kai, LU Rui, HAN Siyin Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (6): 505-514.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.056 Abstract （636）   HTML （25）    PDF （1186KB）（585）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, the factors associated with premature ovarian failure animal models mainly include iatrogenic, immune, genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors. The animal models constructed based on these factors have their own characteristics. Here the construction methods and comparison of animal models of premature ovarian failure have been reviewed to provide useful modeling information for researchers with different needs. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A New Strategy for Constructing Mouse Models of Complex Diseases: Semi-cloning Technology Based on Sperm-like Haploid Embryonic Stem Cells LAI Suomei, DING Yifu, LI Jinsong Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (5): 369-383.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.143 Abstract （621）   HTML （241）    PDF （6213KB）（662）       Knowledge map    Save The development of haploid genetics has motivated studies on genome evolution and function, especially the technological advancements in recent years have prompted the birth of culture techniques for mammalian haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs). Sperm-like haESCs are novel haESCs derived from mouse parthenogenetic blastocysts. Sperm-like haESCs only contain paternal genetic material, and their sex chromosome is the X chromosome. They can self-renew, differentiate, and proliferate in vitro for a long time. Furthermore, editing single or multiple genes using the CRISPR system is possible for sperm-like haESCs, which can replace sperms to fertilize oocytes. In contrast to traditional methods for constructing mouse models, such as pronuclear injection, cytoplasmic injection, and tetraploid complementation, by injecting sperm-like haESCs after gene editing into oocytes, semi-cloned mice with a definitive genotype can be obtained efficiently and stably without chimerism, and primary mice can be used for research. The mouse disease model based on multiple precisely edited genes obtained from sperm-like haESCs can explain the effect of multiple genes synergistic interaction at the level of biological individuals to completely simulate various pathological characteristics of complex human diseases that may be affected by multiple genes, and this model facilitates the exploration of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Prospect of Identification and Traceability Technology of Laboratory Animals in Biosafety Laboratory Lixiang CHEN, Boyin QIN, Hua YANG, Chunhua XU, Xiuhua PENG, Shun LI, Xiaohui ZHOU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (2): 89-94.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.174 Abstract （581）   HTML （301）    PDF （787KB）（563）       Knowledge map    Save Effective management of laboratory biosafety plays one of the most important roles in the national biosafety system. Laboratory animals have been widely used in the life science research field, including infection animal experiments, which have to be done in the animal biosafety laboratory (ABSL). The risk assessment and control related to laboratory animals and animal experiments are the most important affairs in ABSL, and the identification and traceability of laboratory animals detected by wireless tracking technology represent a developing tendency in ABSL management. From the perspective of biosafety, this paper summarized the development of laboratory animal identification and traceability technology,and described the application prospect in ABSL management of non-contact identification technology, especially radio frequency identification technology, which can provide reference for relevant practitioners to use the identification and traceability technology of experimental animals for biosafety control. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Raising and Maintaining Clean Mice with Micro-barrier Cages in Conventional Environmental Facilities Qi REN, Yandong LI, Qiang SUN Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (5): 440-447.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.129 Abstract （561）   HTML （63）    PDF （1562KB）（450）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the feasibility of breeding cleaning degree mice with micro-barrier cages in conventional environmental facilities. Methods Clean-grade mice were housed and maintained in positive-pressure microbarrier cages in a general environment, during which third-party sampling of the microbial status of the animals in the microbarrier was performed on a quarterly frequency. Results From June 2020 to July 2022, no microorganisms that must be excluded by the national standard for cleaning degree mice have been detected in two consecutive years. Conclusion Micro-barrier cages can be used to raise and maintain cleaning grade mice in conventional environmental facilities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biosafety Problems and Countermeasures in the Management of Barrier Facilities for Laboratory Animals Yuqin YANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (2): 95-101.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.164 Abstract （557）   HTML （142）    PDF （798KB）（1066）       Knowledge map    Save Biosafety is an important part of national security, and effective control of biological hazards of laboratory animals is the basis of using laboratory animals. Based on the experience of biosafety management in the Laboratory Animal Center of Shanghai General Hospital, this paper analyzed the potential biosafety threats faced by laboratory animal barrier facilities in the process of ensuring the smooth conducting of animal experiments from the perspective of a laboratory animal facility manager, and discussed the relevant countermeasures to reduce such risks, in order to provide a reference for the proper control of biosafety problems in animal experiments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Brief Interpretation of CCAC Guide on Humane Endpoints of Animals: 2022 Edition Xiaying LI, Yusheng WEI, Yonglu TIAN, Wanyong PANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (6): 566-571.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.077 Abstract （543）   HTML （48）    PDF （987KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Save The 2022 Canadian Council On Animal Care (CCAC) guidelines: Identification of Scientific Endpoints, Human Intervention Points, and Cumulative Endpoints (CCAC Guide) supplements existing laboratory animal humane endpoint theory according to the latest available literature. This article summarized the main content of the 2022 CCAC Guide, and elaborated and analyzed the determination, implementation and supervision of the scientific endpoints, humane intervention points, and cumulative endpoints of animal experiments, in order to provide useful reference and information. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Laboratory Animal Science and Technology in Jiangxi Province: Review and Reflection Fang CHU, Xiaoquan LUO, Baohua XU, Yinping ZHOU, Xiaorong WAN, Jie ZHANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 11-17.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.189 Abstract （516）   HTML （235）    PDF （906KB）（618）       Knowledge map    Save Laboratory animals constitute a fundamental part of life sciences and help assess the research level of biomedical science in a country or region. This paper systematically reviews the basic conditions and social role of laboratory animal science development in Jiangxi Province. It also makes a superficial analysis of the existing problems, pointing out that our province lacks basic research and technological innovation owing to its weak foundation, deficiency of understanding of the strategic positioning of the laboratory animal discipline, and lack of stable financial support. Based on the analysis of the current situation, this paper proposes countermeasures and suggestions for the development of the laboratory animal discipline in our province during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Latest Research Progress of the Function of Spinal CD11c + Microglia in Neuropathic Pain Changgeng PENG, Yan FU, Fengting ZHU, Ruilong XIA, Wei XIA Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 171-176.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.073 Abstract （493）   HTML （120）    PDF （1644KB）（509）       Knowledge map    Save Neuropathic pain (NP) affects approximately 10% of the population, and treatments and drugs for NP have limited efficacy. Microglia in the spinal cord play important and paradoxical roles in peripheral nerve injury-induced NP, both promoting the development of NP and relieving NP. In April 2022, Keita Kohno et al. reported that after peripheral nerve injury, CD11c+ microglia appearing in the spinal cord of mice were a type of microglia that relieve NP and inhibited pain recurrence. In this commentary, we review the important findings of this type of analgesic microglia subset, and provide a perspective for future work related to this new finding. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Introduction to the International Guide for Animal Research Reporting ARRIVE 2.0, and Its Implementation Plan in the Journal Junyan ZHANG, Xiaoyu LIU, Yao LI, Guoyuan CHEN, Xiao LU, Yu BAI, Xuancheng LU, Wanyong PANG, Baojin WU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (1): 86-94.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.014 Abstract （493）   HTML （71）    PDF （1381KB）（537）       Knowledge map    Save Animal experiments play an important role in the process of biomedical research, and is a necessary way to transform basic medicine into clinical medicine. The standardization of animal experimental studies and reports determines the reliability and reproducibility of research results, and is also the key to transforming the results of animal experiments into clinical trials. In view of how to design and implement animal experiments, write animal experiment reports, and publish relevant academic papers in a more standardized way, LACM (Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine) has launched a new column of comparative medical research and reporting standards from 2023, focusing on the introduction and interpretation of international general norms related to laboratory animal and comparative medicine, such as ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments). This article focuses on the development and application, basic content and priority of ARRIVE 2.0, as well as the scheme of implementing ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international biomedical journals, and explains the current situation and future plans of LACM following ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines. The research and report of animal experimental medicine following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines and other international norms is one of the important driving forces to promote the high-quality development of experimental animal science and biomedicine in China, and also a powerful means to implement the 3R principle and improve the welfare of laboratory animals. Through this article, we hope the majority of scientific researchers and editors will attach great importance and actively implement these international standards. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of Lipopolysaccaride Binding Protein Knockout Mice Using CRISPR/Cas9 Technology Sidi LI, Bin FU, Zhongkun GUO, Yingjie LIN, Zhenyu ZHANG, Chuanliang MI, Kezhou WANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 294-300.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.002 Abstract （485）   HTML （399）    PDF （1137KB）（312）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To construct a stable hereditary lipopolysaccaride binding protein (Lbp) gene knockout mice by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) gene editing technology. Methods According to the sequence characteristics of Lbp gene in C57BL/6J mice, the target of sgRNA was designed, the 5'-end protein coding conserved sequence of Lbp gene was deleted and the shift mutation was introduced to inactivate LBP. The genome of F0, F1, F2, F3 generation mice was extracted; PCR was used to identify and sequence Lbp knockout; RT-PCR was used to verify Lbp gene transcription, and Western blotting was used to verify LBP protein expression in F2 generation. Results Five Lbp+/- mice from F0 generation, three Lbp+/- mice from F1 generation, four Lbp-/- mice from F2 generation and thirty Lbp-/- mice from F3 generation were obtained. RT-PCR showed that Lbp-/- mice mRNA was 244 bp and the translation was stopped early by code-shifting mutation. Western blotting showed that LBP protein was not expressed in the liver of Lbp-/- mice. Conclusion The Lbp gene knockout mice were successfully constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technique, which will provide a basis for further study of the immune and physiological effects of LBP. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological and Synaptic Morphological Changes of the Olfactory Bulb in APP/PS1 Model Mice at Different Ages and the Intervention Effect of Memantine Jiani LIU, Jiangang LIU, Yun WEI, Hao LI, Zenggang LUO, Yi WANG, Kun LI Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 177-186.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.001 Abstract （482）   HTML （126）    PDF （2275KB）（395）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare and explore the histopathological and ultrastructural characteristics of the olfactory bulb in 6- and 12-month-old APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and their spatial learning and memory ability, as well as the effects of memantine intervention.Methods Three-month-old SPF male APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into 6- and 12-month-old model groups (named 6-APP/PS1 group and 12-APP/PS1 group, respectively) and memantine (MEM) groups (named 6-MEM group and 12-MEM group, respectively, the dose of MEM was 2.60 mg/kg/d), with 10 mice in each group. Age-matched C57BL/6 mice were used as the blank controls. The mice in the MEM groups were continuously administered MEM (from 3 months and 9 months, respectively) by gavage for 3 months, and the mice in the non-MEM group received equal volume of pure water for 3 months. The Morris water maze test was used to assess spatial learning and memory ability of those mice at 6 months and 12 months of age. After hematoxylin-eosin staining, the pathological morphology of the olfactory bulb was observed under an optical microscope, and the ultrastructure of the olfactory bulb was observed under a transmission electron microscope.Results The results of the water maze test revealed that the crossing numbers and the time spent in the target quadrant were significantly decreased in the 6-APP/PS1 and 12-APP/PS1 groups compared with the blank control group of the same age (all P < 0.05), whereas the 12-APP/PS1 group showed a more significant decrease than the 6-APP/PS1 group (both P < 0.05). Compared with the non-MEM group, the two parameters of the MEM treatment groups increased significantly (all P < 0.05). Histopathological observation showed that, compared with the age-matched blank group, the nerve cells in the olfactory bulb had no obvious atrophy and deformation, and the number of mitral cells was significantly reduced in the 6-APP/PS1 group (P < 0.05), while the nerve cells in the olfactory bulb were atrophic and deformed, and the number of periglomerular cells and mitral cells were significantly reduced in the 12-APP/PS1 group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the non-MEM group, the number of mitral cells were significantly increased in the 6-APP/PS1 group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the number of periglomerular cells and mitral cells in the 12-MEM group (all P > 0.05). Ultrastructural observation showed that, compared with the blank control group, the synaptic structure was swollen in the 6-APP/PS1 and 12-APP/PS1 groups, the thickness of the postsynaptic density was reduced and the number of asymmetric synapses decreased in the 6-APP/PS1 group, while the thickness of the postsynaptic density and the number of asymmetric synapses could not be observed clearly in the 12-APP/PS1 group. Compared with the non-MEM group, the synaptic swelling in the 6-MEM group was significantly improved, the thickness of the postsynaptic density and the number of asymmetric synapses increased, but the synaptic swelling in the 12-MEM group was not significantly improved, and the thickness of the postsynaptic density and the number of asymmetric synapses could not be observed.Conclusion Changes in the pathology and synaptic ultrastructural morphology of the olfactory bulbs in the APP/PS1 mice correlated with age, accompanied by behavioral alterations. MEM intervention not only improved spatial memory ability in the APP/PS1 mice, but also increased the number of mitral cells and alleviated the damage to the synaptic structure in the 6-APP/PS1 group, with significant improvement in early intervention. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke Bo DONG, Jiaxin LIU, Wei XIONG, Songqi TANG, Wei HUANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 54-61.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.049 Abstract （480）   HTML （40）    PDF （970KB）（1325）       Knowledge map    Save Ischemic stroke refers to the ischemic necrosis or softening of limited brain tissue caused by cerebral blood circulation disorder, ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in corresponding neurological functional defects. Ischemic stroke is one of the primary causes of human disability, seriously threatens human health, and there is still no effective treatment by now. In order to study the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and prevent and treat it better, it is very important to establish appropriate animal models.This paper aims to summarize the animal models of ischemic stroke and its advantages and disadvantages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Diabetes on Colorectal Cancer/Breast Cancer Progression and Intestinal Flora Based on a Diabetes-tumor Mouse Model WANG Xiaoyu, JIANG Shengyao, LIN Zhibing, CUI Li Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (6): 469-479.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.066 Abstract （479）   HTML （103）    PDF （9209KB）（222）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effects of diabetes on tumor progression, and the effects of diabetes combined with colorectal or breast cancer on the intestinal flora by constructing a diabetes-tumor mouse model, and the differences in body mass, tumor volume, survival rate, and initial flora of the mice in different treatment groups were statistically analyzed. Methods Sixty mice were divided into control, diabetes, colorectal cancer, diabetes + colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and diabetes + breast cancer groups. The diabetic mouse model was established by streptozotocin injection, and solid tumor models of colorectal and breast cancer were further established on this basis. Changes in the body mass, tumor volume, and survival rate of the mice in each group were observed and analyzed. The mouse feces were collected, and then the microbial community sequencing data were analyzed using the QIIME2 platform based on the DATA2 and Vesearch methods. Results The body mass ( P < 0.05) and survival rate ( P < 0.01) of mice with diabetes combined with colorectal or breast cancer were significantly reduced, but there was no significant difference in tumor volume in mice. Compared with the control group or the colorectal cancer group, the species richness of the intestinal flora in mice in the diabetes + colorectal cancer group was significantly altered ( P < 0.05); while the diabetes + breast cancer group did not significantly change ( P > 0.05). The beta diversity and bacterial species composition of the intestinal flora in mice with diabetes combined with colorectal or breast cancer were also affected. Conclusion Diabetes promotes the progression of colorectal or breast cancer. Diabetes combined with colorectal or breast cancer has a greater impact on the intestinal flora of mice than colorectal or breast cancer alone. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Model of Diffuse Cerebral Thrombosis Induced by Arachidonic Acid in Rats Long NING, Hang SUN, Jin FENG, Qingting MENG, Qian YANG, Fangyan HE Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (2): 141-145.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.091 Abstract （468）   HTML （27）    PDF （1706KB）（898）       Knowledge map    Save Objective Establishment and optimization of arachidonic acid-induced diffuse cerebral thrombosis model in rats.Methods Arachidonic acid was injected into the internal carotid artery to establish a diffuse cerebral thrombosis model in rats, while the sham operation group was set as the control. The model was evaluated by detecting the exudate content of Evans blue (EB) in brain tissue and the pathological damage degree of brain tissue by HE staining.Results Compared with the sham operation group, diffuse EB exudation was observed in the injured brain tissue of the model group (P < 0.01), and the exudation was relatively uniform. The HE staining of brain tissue on the side of the injury showed ischemic pathological damage with disorganized cell arrangement, wrinkled nuclei, enlarged cell gaps, increased vacuolated cells, and red striped tubular shape of each individual microvessel.Conclusion Arachidonic acid can successfully induce diffuse cerebral thrombosis model, and the optimized model has better stability and lower mortality. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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History and Countermeasure Discovered from 40-year Development of Laboratory Animals in Yunnan Province HAN Yuanyuan, LI Na, DAI Jiejie Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (5): 399-408.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.136 Abstract （466）   HTML （235）    PDF （1769KB）（499）       Knowledge map    Save Laboratory animals are strategic resources that are indispensable to support scientific and technological progress and innovation. It is one of the core elements required for country to maintain scientific and technological leadership and improve international scientific and technological competitiveness. In this study, the legalization and standardization, major research institutions, scientific research features and academic achievements, and current opportunities and countermeasures over 40 years of progression of laboratory animals in Yunnan Province were summarized to provide a reference for the further development of laboratory animals in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on Air Distribution by Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation in Two Types of Laboratory Animal Barrier Facilities ZHOU Bin, ZHAO Yong, WANG Yabing, LIU Jihong Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (3): 252-258.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.077 Abstract （462）   HTML （221）    PDF （1353KB）（374）       Knowledge map    Save Taking the removal efficiencies of waste heat, ammonia, and carbon dioxide, and the mean age of air as the evaluation indicators of air distribution, the pros and cons of air distribution in two different types of animal barriers, an experimental facility and a breeding facility, were analyzed at various air change rates and exhaust outlet positions by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation technology. The results of selected indicators showed that ceiling air supply plus bottom exhaust outlet were suitable for the laboratory animal barrier facilities. In addition, air change rate in high-density breeding facilities should be adjusted according to the room temperature. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Animal Models and Evaluation Methods of Pain and Depression Comorbidity Renke HE, Cheng LU, Wei CHEN, Mengya WANG, Aiping XU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 68-73.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.097 Abstract （455）   HTML （64）    PDF （691KB）（585）       Knowledge map    Save Comorbidity of pain and depression is a common health problem that seriously affects the physical and psychological health of patients. However, the pathogenesis of these symptoms remains unclear. To comprehensively understand the mechanisms and treatments of pain and depression comorbidity, this review summarizes the establishment of related animal models and behavioral evaluation methods of pain and depression comorbidity at home and abroad. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Intermittent Fasting in Improving Olanzapine-induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice Han LI, Xiaorui ZHANG, Chengfang ZHANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (1): 3-10.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.089 Abstract （454）   HTML （65）    PDF （2914KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the beneficial role and potential mechanism of intermittent fasting in olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders. Methods C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: Saline + ad libitum (Saline+Ad libitum), Saline + intermittent fasting (Saline +IF), olanzapine administration + ad libitum (Olanzapine+ Ad libitum), and olanzapine administration + intermittent fasting (Olanzapine+IF)， with eight mice in each group. The IF group adopted the 5∶2 scheme, that is, fasting on Monday and Thursday every week, and eating freely in the rest of the time. Ad libitum feeding as the control of intermittent fasting, Saline gavage as the control of olanzapine administration. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. The differences of body mass, liver mass and epididymal adipose tissue mass were compared between the olanzapine-treated group and the control group after IF intervention. The body fat mass, lean body mass, and visceral fat infiltration of mice were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance and HE staining, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in the process of glucose metabolism were also measured by glucose oxidase method and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The effects of IF on H2O2 release and the level of cytochrome C mRNA, a marker related to mitochondrial damage, were detected by ELISA and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, olanzapine induced a significant increase in body mass, body fat, lean body mass and visceral fat infiltration (P<0.05), as well as fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (P<0.05); however, IF significantly reduced the above indicators (P<0.05). Further studies showed that the release of H2O2 and the expression of Cytochrome C mRNA in adipose tissue of mice after intermittent fasting treatment were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Intermittent fasting therapy can alleviate olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders in mice. The underlying mechanism may involve the inhibition of oxidative stress level and the maintenance of mitochondrial functions. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Probucol Formulations on Mesenteric Lymphatic Trans-port Efficiency and Pharmacokinetics in Rats Xiaorui ZHANG, Jing CAO, Qianqian WU, Jijun LIU, Guoyuan CHEN, Baojin WU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 275-283.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.026 Abstract （451）   HTML （596）    PDF （1999KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To compare the effects of probucol olive oil and suspension formulations on the pharmacokinetics and mesenteric lymphatic transport in rats using an innovative mesenteric-jugular lymphatic duct assisted reflux model. Methods Twelve Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: suspension preparation-jugular vein single cannulation group (H-JD group), suspension preparation-jugular vein and intestinal lymphatic double cannulation group (H-JCS group), olive oil preparation-jugular vein single cannulation group (G-JD group), olive oil preparation-jugular vein and intestinal lymphatic double cannulation group (G-JCS group). The concentrations of probucol in whole blood and lymph fluid of rats at different times were determined by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and drug-time curves were drawn. The pharmacokinetic parameters, relativebioavailability (Frel) and percentage dose in lymph fluid were calculated. Results The drug-time curve of each group conformed to the non-compartmental model. The peak times (Tmax) of the H-JD group, H-JCS group, G-JD group, and G-JCS group were (11±12), (5±2), (13±9), and (19±9) h, respectively; the peak concentrations (Cmax) were (148±60), (207±137), (453±204), and (309±177) ng/mL, respectively; the areas under the curve (AUClast) were (3 210±885), (3 677±2 014), (12 360±6 629), and (8 080±3 064) h·ng·mL-1, respectively. The percentages of lymphatic fluid dose in the H-JCS and G-JCS groups were (1.29±0.50)% and (2.59±0.43)%. Compared with the H-JD group, the Frel of probucol in the G-JD group was (409±269)%; compared with the H-JCS group, the Frel of probucol in the G-JCS group was (309±256)%. Compared with the H-JD and H-JCS groups, the whole blood values of Cmax, Tmax, AUClast and percentage of lymphatic fluid probucol concentrations of the G-JD and the G-JCS groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The AUClast of whole blood in the G-JD group was significantly higher than that in the G-JCS group (P＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between the H-JD and H-JCS groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Olive oil formulation can improve the ratio of probucol transport through mesenteric lymph as well as its bioavailability. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease Zhejin SHENG, Limei LI Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 342-350.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.122 Abstract （449）   HTML （369）    PDF （833KB）（555）       Knowledge map    Save Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which seriously affects the health of the elderly people. The drugs currently approved for the treatment of AD can only reduce the symptoms severity of AD, but can't cure AD or prevent the deterioration of AD. Over the past 40 years, there have been numerous treatments for AD, including compounds that prevent amyloid deposition in the brain or remove existing amyloid plaques, but their clinical curative effects are not significant. Therefore, more basic and clinical studies are needed to improve our understanding of the biological mechanism of AD. Experimental animal models are very important not only for the study of the pathogenesis of AD, but also for the development of AD drugs. This paper reviewed the main histopathological characteristics, genetic factors, the current animal models and model evaluation of AD. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified Method for Inducing Acute Intestinal Fibrosis in Rats Using 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid Yiru WANG, Xiaoying JIANG, Ruoxi DONG, Yibin PAN, Xianghui HAN, Yongqing CAO Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 284-293.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.147 Abstract （448）   HTML （863）    PDF （2735KB）（336）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute intestinal fibrosis in rats and the effect of different drug ratios. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups with six rats in each group. Groups A to D were the model groups, in which the rats were induced by modified retention enemas using solutions with different drug ratios: group A, 5% TNBS + 50% ethanol (1∶1 v/v); group B, 5% TNBS + 75% ethanol (1∶1 v/v); group C, 5% TNBS + 100% ethanol (1∶1 v/v); group D, 5% TNBS + 50% ethanol (2∶1 v/v); and the control group was induced by normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) enema. The symptoms, signs, and body mass changes of the animals were observed within one week after modeling, and scored using the disease activity index (DAI). At 7th d and 14th d after model establishment, half of the rats in each group were randomly selected for sampling to observe the degree of gross damage to the colon tissue and scored using the colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI). Pathological sections of colon tissue were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe the severity of enteritis, and Masson staining was used to observe collagen fiber deposition. Results The rats in each model group showed enteritis and intestinal fibrosis lesions of different severities, of which 5% TNBS + 75% ethanol solution (1∶1 v/v) did not lead to death during the observation period. At 24 h after model establishment, the rats had significantly decreased body weight, loose stool, and bloody stool, significant colonic wall fibrosis lesions, and increased DAI and CDMI scores compared with the control group (P＜0.05). The degree of inflammation was transmural and more severe, as seen under the light microscope, and Masson staining showed that the intestinal wall at the model site was significantly thickened, and diffuse collagen fiber deposition occurred in the submucosa, muscular layer, and serosal layer. Conclusion The modified TNBS retention enema method can effectively construct a rat model of intestinal fibrosis, and the model established using 5% TNBS + 75% ethanol solution (1∶1 v/v) can simulate the two major characteristics of Crohn’s disease fibrosis, namely transmural inflammation and intestinal wall fibrosis. This method is simple and efficient, and the mortality rate of animals is low. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Status and Development Countermeasures of Laboratory Animal Resource Sharing Service Platform Construction in Shanxi Province ZHANG Ruihu, WANG Chunfang, SONG Guohua, CHEN Zhaoyang Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (3): 190-194.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2020.207 Abstract （446）   HTML （207）    PDF （701KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save The construction of Shanxi Laboratory Animal Resource Sharing Service Platform was summarized in terms of resource development, sharing services and talent cultivation. Combining with the advanced construction experience of developed regions and future development trends, an in-depth analysis of the problems existing in the platform construction was carried out, and the countermeasures and directions were proposed for the construction and development of the platform. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anatomical Characteristics and Background Lesions in Laboratory British-shorthair Cats Yu WANG, Dan GAO, Nana PENG, Ai HANG, Bin SHEN, Jian HUANG, Liming TANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 229-236.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.151 Abstract （442）   HTML （31）    PDF （2890KB）（679）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate anatomical characteristics and background lesions in laboratory British-shorthair cats (BSCs) through gross and histopathological examination, and provide effective basis for the research and application, standard establishment and market promotion of this experimental animal. Methods Gross system dissection and histopathological examination were performed on 14 adult BSCs (half male and half female), and the histological characteristics and background pathological data were collected and analyzed. Results The body weight and organ index of spleen of BSCs was higher in males than females (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the organ coefficients of brain and thymus in BSCs were lower in males than females (P < 0.05). The anatomical structure of testicles, heart, thyroid gland and tentorium of BSCs is different from that of rodents and canine. Furthermore, histopathological examinations revealed that the structures of heart, pancreas, spleen in BSCs differed from two experimental animals mentioned above. In addition, there were multiple hepatic cell vacuolar degeneration in BSCs (9/14), and occasional renal, brain and lymphoid tissues were also found in some animals. Conclusion There were six differences in body weight, and organ-coefficient of spleen, thymus, and brain in BSCs, while the hepatocyte phospholipidosis of liver and background lesion in BSCs were found. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of DZ1462, a Novel Sodium-phosphate Transporter Inhibitor, on 5/6 Nephrectomy-induced Hyperphosphatemia Model Rats Xiao LU, Lin ZHANG, Hui JI, Shanxiang JIANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 187-193.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.138 Abstract （437）   HTML （117）    PDF （1451KB）（764）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To study the efficacy of DZ1462, a novel sodium-phosphate transporter inhibitor, on rat hyperphosphatemia models established by 5/6 nephrectomy.Methods Totally 156 rats were randomly selected into four groups. Rats fed a normal diet were control group, named as group Ⅰ (n=6); rats fed a normal diet after 5/6 nephrectomy were named as group Ⅱ (n=60); rats fed a high phosphate diet after 5/6 nephrectomy were named as group Ⅲ (n=60); rats fed a high phosphate diet after sham surgery were named as group Ⅳ (n=30). The molding cycle was 10 weeks. Serum Pi was detected and the number of animal deaths was recorded every two weeks. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the change in kidney pathology, and to screen animal models with high phosphorus blood syndrome. Totally 18 model rats that met the inclusion criteria (all of group Ⅲ) were selected and randomly assigned to three groups: the model control group recorded as the G2 group; the DZ1462 administration group (30 mg/kg, tid, 21 d) recorded as the G3 group; the Sevelamer administration group (250 mg/kg, tid, 21 d) recorded as the G4 group. In addition, the normal control group was set as the G1 group. Serum phosphate levels were measured using a kit.Results In the 8th and 10th weeks, compared to group Ⅰ, serum phosphorus in group Ⅲ showed a significant difference (P < 0.01). The kidneys in group Ⅲ had obvious glomerular sclerosis, renal tubular atrophy, degeneration, interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and calcification. Similarly to chronic kidney disease accompanied by hyperphosphatemia, the animal model was established successfully. At each time point, the serum phosphorus inhibition rate of the G3 group was significantly higher than that of the G4 group (P < 0.05).Conclusion DZ1462, as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of intestinal sodium and phosphorus transporter, can effectively inhibit intestinal phosphorus ion absorption in rat hyperphosphatemia model, and is expected to become a potential drug for the clinical treatment of hyperphosphatemia. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improving Effect of Environmental Enrichment on Stress-related Indicators of British-shorthair Cats Hongting CHEN, Fei YANG, Ying HU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (2): 152-158.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.130 Abstract （435）   HTML （31）    PDF （980KB）（492）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the effect of environmental enrichment on alleviating stress in laboratory British-shorthair cats.Methods A total of fourteen laboratory British-shorthair cats were randomly divided into welfare group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7) according to the presence of environmental enrichment interventions which lasted for 11 weeks. The hematological and blood biochemical, neuroendocrine and immunological parameters of each group were measured and compared to evaluate the stress level of different groups.Results The mean corpuscular volume in the welfare group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), the percentage of lymphocyte was extremely higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the neutrophilic percentage was extremely lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, the levels of carbamide, creatinine, globulin, total protein in the welfare group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05); the adrenaline and dopamine indicators in the welfare group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, IL-2/IL-4 ratio, IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio and IL-2/IL-5 ratio of the welfare group were higher than those of control group; among them, IFN-γ, IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-5 ratio and IL-2/IL-5 ratio were significantly different (P < 0.05), and IL-5 difference was extremely significant (P < 0.01).Conclusion The environmental enrichment interventions can effectively improve the welfare level of laboratory cats and reduce the biological costs of stress. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement and Effect Evaluation on Method of Tracheal Instillation in Rats YU Yixiang, CAO Shanshan, FENG Yi, LI Jiarui, WANG Rong Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (6): 543-546.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.031 Abstract （431）   HTML （24）    PDF （28959KB）（204）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a new method for observable, easy and accurate non-invasive intratracheal instillation in rats. Methods Disposable medical syringes and capillaries were used to make the sampler. Optical fiber was used to achieve visualization. Soap water was used to check if the intubation is correct. Sampler was introduced into rat trachea through endotracheal tube. Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups and instilled with 0.9% saline solution or fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) suspension, respectively. Results The operation were performed successfully for 120 times in the 20 rats. HE staining was observed after 24 h of the last instillation. The pathological morphological changes of the lungs were induced by intratracheal instillation of PM 2.5, which were similar to those of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Conclusion The improved method of non-invasive intratracheal instillation is simple, rapid, and safe, and requires no special equipment, which can be widely used in experiments for respiratory tract administration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics