实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 357-366.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.122

• 人类疾病动物模型 • 上一篇    下一篇

中西医病证结合的痔疮动物模型研究现状与评价

卜瑜1(), 候金婷1, 李媛媛1, 沙静涛1, 解晨露1, 王文刚1, 孙兴伟1,2()()   

  1. 1.西安市中医医院, 西安 710021
    2.西安交通大学第一附属医院, 西安 710061
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-23 修回日期:2026-02-05 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-19
  • 通讯作者:
    孙兴伟(1983—),男,博士研究生,副主任医师,硕士生导师,研究方向:中医外科学。E-mail:4866442@163.com。ORCID:0009-0007-8766-5345
  • 作者简介:卜 瑜(2000—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:中医外科学。E-mail:1622478350@qq.com。ORCID:0009-0001-3982-5582
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划项目“基于网络药理学与分子对接方法和体外实验探讨痔炎冲洗散治疗混合痔的作用机制”(2025SF-YBXM-119);2023年中央公共卫生发展项目“省级中医药循证能力建设中心”;西安市中医医院院级科研课题“湿痒洗剂治疗肛门瘙痒症的临床疗效及作用机制研究”(2024YJ21)

A Review and Evaluation of Integrated Disease and Syndrome Animal Models for Hemorrhoids in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

BU Yu1(), HOU Jinting1, LI Yuanyuan1, SHA Jingtao1, XIE Chenlu1, WANG Wengang1, SUN Xingwei1,2()()   

  1. 1.Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710021, China
    2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
  • Received:2025-07-23 Revised:2026-02-05 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-19
  • Contact: SUN Xingwei (ORCID: 0009-0007-8766-5345), E-mail: 4866442@163.com

摘要:

痔疮作为临床高发的肛肠疾病,其发病机制复杂,预防和治疗研究均缺乏理想的实验载体。本文通过检索中英文数据库,以“痔疮”“动物模型”“hemorrhoids”“animal model”为关键词,最终纳入了36篇文献,旨在系统评价现有动物模型在整合中西医临床病证特征方面的不足,并探讨其与临床实际的吻合度。本文将相关文献按化学、物理、生物学及复合造模方法分为4类,并对照痔疮的中西医诊断要点,评估其造模吻合度。结果显示,不同造模方法在临床指标再现方面存在明显差异,依据吻合度可将模型分为3级:高吻合度模型,主要为复合造模法(如角叉菜胶联合盐酸去甲肾上腺素诱导),能较全面模拟静脉淤血、炎症等核心病理状态;一般吻合度模型,为单一化学或物理干预(如巴豆油致炎或静脉结扎),仅模拟部分病理环节;低吻合度模型,多为直接刺激,对病理特征的研究较有限。总体而言,现有模型在复制西医结构性病变方面表现较突出,但在模拟慢性病程及稳定再现中医证候方面存在明显不足,同时针对模型的中医评价体系尚未实现标准化。因此,仍需深入探索构建高质量痔疮中西医病证结合的动物模型。笔者认为,未来研究应融合中西医理论,采用多因素慢性化造模策略,并建立融合宏观体征与微观指标的标准化评价体系。本文为构建既能模拟西医病理,又能体现中医证型特点的标准化“病证结合”动物模型提供参考,以期为痔疮的发病机制研究与中西医结合防治提供更有效的实验工具。

关键词: 痔疮, 动物造模, 中西医结合, 临床吻合度, 评价

Abstract:

Hemorrhoids are common anorectal diseases with complex pathogenesis, and there is still a lack of ideal experimental animal models for research on their prevention and treatment. In this paper, Chinese and English databases are searched with the keywords "hemorrhoids" and "animal model", and 36 relevant studies are finally included. The shortcomings of existing hemorrhoid animal models in integrating the clinical disease and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese and Western medicine are systematically analyzed, and the consistency of various models with clinical practice is evaluated. The studies are divided into four categories according to modeling methods: chemical modeling, physical modeling, biological modeling, and combined modeling. The clinical consistency of modeling is evaluated in combination with the diagnostic points of hemorrhoids in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The results show that there are significant differences in the reproduction of clinical indicators by different modeling methods. According to clinical consistency, the models can be divided into three grades: high-consistency models are mainly based on combined modeling methods (such as induction by carrageenan combined with norepinephrine hydrochloride), which can more comprehensively simulate core pathological changes such as venous congestion and local inflammation; moderate-consistency models adopt single chemical or physical intervention (such as local inflammation induced by croton oil or vein ligation), which can only reproduce part of the pathological process; low-consistency models mostly adopt direct stimulation, with limited research value for pathological characteristics. Existing animal models have obvious advantages in replicating Western medical structural lesions of hemorrhoids, but they still have obvious defects in simulating the chronic disease course and stably reproducing the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, and a unified standard has not yet been formed for the traditional Chinese medicine evaluation system of models. In conclusion, it is still necessary to further explore the construction of high-quality integrated disease and syndrome animal models for hemorrhoids in traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Future research should integrate the theories of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, adopt multi-factor chronic modeling strategies, and establish a standardized comprehensive evaluation system covering macroscopic signs and microscopic indicators. This paper provides a reference for constructing standardized integrated disease and syndrome animal models of hemorrhoids that conform to the pathological changes of Western medicine and take into account the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes, with the aim of providing more effective experimental tools for research on the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids and their integrated prevention and treatment with traditional Chinese and Western medicine.

Key words: Hemorrhoids, Animal modeling, Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, Clinical consistency, Evaluation

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