动物实验证据整合方法研究的进展与挑战

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.079

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 567-576.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.079

• 比较医学研究与报告规范 • 上一篇下一篇

动物实验证据整合方法研究的进展与挑战

郑卿勇¹^,²()(), 李腾飞³, 许建国¹^,², 周泳佳³, 马智超⁴, 王娜⁵, 李莫兰⁵, 杨雯景⁵, 吴佩润⁴, 王海东⁶, 田金徽¹^,²()()

^1.兰州大学循证医学中心, 兰州大学基础医学院, 兰州 730000
^2.甘肃省循证医学重点实验室, 兰州 730000
^3.甘肃中医药大学护理学院, 兰州 730000
^4.兰州大学第二临床医学院, 兰州 730000
^5.兰州大学第一临床医学院, 兰州 730000
^6.甘肃省中医院, 兰州 730050

收稿日期:2024-06-03 修回日期:2024-08-08 出版日期:2024-11-06 发布日期:2024-10-25
通讯作者: 田金徽（1978—），男，博士，教授，研究方向：网状Meta分析与卫生技术评估。E-mail：tjh996@163.com。ORCID：0000-0002-3859-9587
作者简介:郑卿勇（1998—），男，博士研究生，研究方向：循证医学与医学信息学。E-mail：easonzz@foxmail.com。ORCID：0000-0002-9480-0169；
李腾飞（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：循证护理。E-mail：ltf980102@163.com。ORCID：0009-0005-1168-3075
基金资助:
2023年中央财政转移支付地方项目“中医药循证能力建设”(2101704)

Advances and Challenges in the Research of Integration Methods of Animal Experimental Evidence

ZHENG Qingyong¹^,²()(), LI Tengfei³, XU Jianguo¹^,², ZHOU Yongjia³, MA Zhichao⁴, WANG Na⁵, LI Molan⁵, YANG Wenjing⁵, WU Peirun⁴, WANG Haidong⁶, TIAN Jinhui¹^,²()()

^1.Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Evidence-based Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
^3.School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
^4.The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
^5.The First Clinical School of Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
^6.Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received:2024-06-03 Revised:2024-08-08 Published:2024-10-25 Online:2024-11-06
Contact: TIAN Jinhui (ORCID: 0000-0002-3859-9587), E-mail: tjh996@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

动物实验证据整合是生物医学研究中的关键环节，为疾病机制的深入研究与新药开发等提供了重要的先验信息。目前，动物模型在模拟人类疾病方面发挥着不可替代的作用，但动物实验证据整合在实践中仍面临诸多挑战，包括受重视程度不足、研究设计的异质性明显、高发表偏倚、与临床研究实践存在差距等。本文首先指出动物实验原始研究证据的现存问题，包括动物模型的选择和适用性、动物实验研究设计的考量、动物实验证据转化的影响因素等方面；然后介绍了多种动物实验证据整合方法的应用进展，如系统评价与Meta分析、系统评价再评价/伞形综述、范围综述、证据图谱等；最后探讨了目前动物实验证据整合面临的主要挑战以及针对性的改进策略，旨在提高动物实验研究成果向临床实践转化的效率，并推动循证医学的发展。未来，通过不断优化原始实验研究方案与证据整合实践，有望逐步构建一个更为科学、高效的动物实验证据综合环境，为临床试验与人类健康事业作出更大的贡献。

关键词: 动物实验, 证据整合, 研究进展, 循证医学

Abstract:

Integrating evidence from animal experiments is a critical component of biomedical research, providing essential prior information for in-depth investigations of disease mechanisms and new drug development. Animal models have played an irreplaceable role in simulating human diseases. However, the integration of evidence from animal experiments has faced numerous challenges, including insufficient emphasis, significant heterogeneity in study designs, high publication bias, and discrepancies with clinical research practices. This paper first identifies existing issues in the original research evidence from animal experiments, such as the selection and applicability of animal models, considerations in the design of experimental studies, and factors influencing the translation of animal experimental evidence. It then discusses various methods for integrating this evidence, including systematic review and meta-analysis, overview of systematic review/umbrella review, scoping review, and evidence mapping, while highlighting recent advancements in their application. Finally, the paper addresses the main challenges currently encountered in the integration of evidence from animal experiments and proposes targeted improvement strategies aimed at enhancing the efficiency of translating research outcomes into clinical practice and promoting the advancement of evidence-based medicine. By continuously optimizing original experimental research protocols and evidence integration practices, this work aims to establish a more efficient and scientific environment for the synthesis of evidence from animal experiments, ultimately contributing to clinical trials and human health.

Key words: Animal experiments, Evidence integration, Research progress, Evidence-based medicine

中图分类号:

Q95-33

郑卿勇,李腾飞,许建国,等. 动物实验证据整合方法研究的进展与挑战[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(5): 567-576. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.079.

ZHENG Qingyong,LI Tengfei,XU Jianguo,et al. Advances and Challenges in the Research of Integration Methods of Animal Experimental Evidence[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(5): 567-576. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.079.

图/表 3

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整合方法 Integration methods	应用特点 Application characteristics	实例参考 Examples
系统评价与Meta分析 Systematic review and meta-analysis	通过严谨的研究设计和方法学，对现有的动物实验数据进行系统性综述与定量分析（部分），以提供最高级别的证据。Meta分析可综合多个研究的结果，对其进行定量整合，揭示干预措施的总体效果	Perna A, et al/1996^[24]
单臂试验Meta分析 Meta-analysis of single-arm trials	通常用于关注单个群体中事件的发生率，特别适用于处理稀有事件或样本量较小的研究	Alonso S, et al/2016^[25]
累积Meta分析 Cumulative meta-analysis	将研究资料作为连续性的统一体，评估随时间累积研究结果的动态变化趋势	Inchuai R, et al/2021^[26]
定性系统评价/Meta整合 Qualitative systematic review/meta-synthesis	关注研究结果的叙述性合成，适用于研究设计差异过大或数据类型不适合定量分析的情境	Pommergaard H C, et al/2011^[27]
快速系统评价 Rapid review	高效、加速版的系统评价方法，适用于紧急决策或时间敏感情况下的证据综合	Ciapponi A, et al/2011^[28]
网状Meta分析 Network meta-analysis	结合直接和间接证据，综合多个比较组的结果，评估不同干预措施之间的相对效果	Yao M, et al /2015^[29]
系统评价再评价/伞形综述 Overview of systematic reviews/ umbrella review	对已有的多个系统评价进行再评价，部分会再次进行统计分析，提供某一领域的全面证据概览	Hirst J A, et al /2014^[30]
范围综述 Scoping review	映射某一研究领域的文献分布，识别研究的数量和特征，揭示知识空白，通常不进行质量评估和定量分析	Gardner E G, et al /2019^[31]
证据图谱 Evidence mapping	主要包括证据图与证据差距图，其系统性地检索和分析现有证据，通过表格或图形形式展示研究现状和证据差距，支持决策制定和研究规划	Koch S E, et al /2022^[32]; moola S, et al /2021^[33]

整合方法 Integration methods	应用特点 Application characteristics	实例参考 Examples
系统评价与Meta分析 Systematic review and meta-analysis	通过严谨的研究设计和方法学，对现有的动物实验数据进行系统性综述与定量分析（部分），以提供最高级别的证据。Meta分析可综合多个研究的结果，对其进行定量整合，揭示干预措施的总体效果	Perna A, et al/1996^[24]
单臂试验Meta分析 Meta-analysis of single-arm trials	通常用于关注单个群体中事件的发生率，特别适用于处理稀有事件或样本量较小的研究	Alonso S, et al/2016^[25]
累积Meta分析 Cumulative meta-analysis	将研究资料作为连续性的统一体，评估随时间累积研究结果的动态变化趋势	Inchuai R, et al/2021^[26]
定性系统评价/Meta整合 Qualitative systematic review/meta-synthesis	关注研究结果的叙述性合成，适用于研究设计差异过大或数据类型不适合定量分析的情境	Pommergaard H C, et al/2011^[27]
快速系统评价 Rapid review	高效、加速版的系统评价方法，适用于紧急决策或时间敏感情况下的证据综合	Ciapponi A, et al/2011^[28]
网状Meta分析 Network meta-analysis	结合直接和间接证据，综合多个比较组的结果，评估不同干预措施之间的相对效果	Yao M, et al /2015^[29]
系统评价再评价/伞形综述 Overview of systematic reviews/ umbrella review	对已有的多个系统评价进行再评价，部分会再次进行统计分析，提供某一领域的全面证据概览	Hirst J A, et al /2014^[30]
范围综述 Scoping review	映射某一研究领域的文献分布，识别研究的数量和特征，揭示知识空白，通常不进行质量评估和定量分析	Gardner E G, et al /2019^[31]
证据图谱 Evidence mapping	主要包括证据图与证据差距图，其系统性地检索和分析现有证据，通过表格或图形形式展示研究现状和证据差距，支持决策制定和研究规划	Koch S E, et al /2022^[32]; moola S, et al /2021^[33]

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动物实验证据整合方法研究的进展与挑战

Advances and Challenges in the Research of Integration Methods of Animal Experimental Evidence

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