感染性动物疾病模型是研究传染病传播方式、发病机制及抗感染药物不可或缺的重要工具。在感染性动物疾病模型制备及应用过程中不可避免会遇到动物疼痛、痛苦等违背动物福利伦理的情况。因涉及生物安全管理，多数感染性动物实验仍以动物的死亡为实验终点，这对动物福利与伦理的保障工作提出了极高的要求。针对感染性动物实验的福利与伦理指导原则或规范亟待建立。本文以实验动物福利与伦理的基本原则为依据，探讨感染性动物实验中福利与伦理的特殊性，强调感染性动物实验应充分考量研究计划的科学研究目的、人员职业健康安全和动物福利伦理三者之间的平衡。本文还通过文献研究以及与常规实验动物福利伦理要求的对比分析，从人员要求、实验动物选择标准、生存环境管理及设施设备、特殊照料和兽医护理、人道终点等方面提出感染性动物实验对福利伦理的特殊要求。笔者认为，开展感染性动物实验的人员应接受有效的生物安全培训，机构应赋予实验动物使用与管理委员会（Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee，IACUC）、兽医和兽医技术人员足够权限，以保障人员与动物福利伦理；实验动物的选择需充分考虑研究目的、福利、伦理及生物安全等要求，实验动物易感性和体型大小是高等级生物安全实验室重点关注的内容；明确人道终点是感染性动物实验不可或缺的福利伦理要素，环境丰富化和特殊护理是实现动物福利伦理必要的保障。本文内容可为相关工作提供参考。

Infectious disease animal models serve as indispensable tools for understanding the transmission patterns, pathogenesis, and anti-infective medicine. During the preparation and application of infectious animal disease models, situations inevitably arise that violate animal welfare and ethics, such as animal pain, suffering, and distress. Considering the biosafety factors, animal mortality is still used as the experimental endpoint in most experiments on infectious animals, which poses extremely high requirements for animal welfare and ethics. It is imperative to establish guiding principles or norms for the welfare and ethics of infectious animal experiments. Based on the fundamental principles of the welfare and ethics of experimental animals, this paper explores the special welfare and ethical requirements in infectious animal experiments. It emphasizes that infectious animal experiments should fully consider the balance among the scientific objectives of the research plan, animal welfare and ethics, and occupational health and safety of personnel. Based on literature research and comparative analysis of the welfare and ethical requirements of conventional animal experiments, special welfare and ethics requirements for infectious animal experiments are proposed, including personnel requirements, experimental animal selection standards, living environment management and equipment, special care and veterinary care, and humane endpoints. Personnel are required to undergo effective biosafety training, and sufficient authority should be granted to the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), veterinarians, and veterinary technicians to ensure the implementation of animal welfare and ethics practices. The selection of laboratory animals should fully consider the requirements of research objectives, welfare, ethics, and biosafety, with the susceptibility and body size of laboratory animals being the key concerns in high-level biosafety laboratories. It is also clarified that the humane endpoint is an indispensable element of welfare and ethics in infectious animal experiments. Environmental enrichment and special care are necessary guarantees for achieving animal welfare and ethics. Therefore, this study can serve as a reference for relevant work.