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Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅳ) Xiaying LI, Yonglu TIAN, Xiaoyu LIU, Xuancheng LU, Guoyuan CHEN, Xiao LU, Yu BAI, Jing GAO, Yao LI, Yusheng WEI, Wanyong PANG, Yufeng TAO Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (6): 659-668.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.142 Abstract （153）   HTML （27）    PDF （1188KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge.Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org ). The fourth part of the article includes the items 1-5 of ARRIVE 2.0 Recommended 11 section, which covers "Abstract" "Background" "Objectives" "Ethical statement" and "Housing and husbandry". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Establishing and Evaluation of Acne Animal Models Rui ZHANG, Meiyu LÜ, Jianjun ZHANG, Jinlian LIU, Yan CHEN, Zhiqiang HUANG, Yao LIU, Lanhua ZHOU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (4): 398-405.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.021 Abstract （198）   HTML （17）    PDF （808KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save According to understanding of the pathogenesis of acne, scholars have established animal models of acne inflammation, animal models of grafting human skin acne, and natural acne animal models. The acne inflammation model is mainly induced by bacterial infection, chemical drug application, and foreign matter injection. Natural acne animal models include animals that some are sensitivity to hormones and some have clinical symptoms of acne. It is necessary to select appropriate model animals and replicate model methods for the development of acne intervention products with different degrees and mechanisms. At present, there are only human evaluation standards of acne health functions in China, but no animal evaluation standards, which has affected the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of acne as well as the research and development progress of acne products. This article summarizes the conditions for the occurrence of acne, the characteristics of human skin, the bidirectional effect of Cutibacterium acnes on human skin, acne animal models, and commonly used observation and evaluation indicators, providing the reference for studying the pathogenesis of acne, promoting acne treatment and health care, and developing treatment products. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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General Anesthetics Commonly Used for Laboratory Animals Xiao LU, Lingzhi YU, Sonja Tsung-Ying CHOU, Ruying LI, Wenjun CHEN, Shanxiang JIANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 18-26.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.011 Abstract （1432）   HTML （224）    PDF （903KB）（2635）       Knowledge map    Save General anesthetics used for laboratory animals are mostly controlled drugs, and are subject to strict supervision by the competent government agency in China. Many general anesthetics recommended in the literature are either unavailable or difficult to procure/access in the market, resulting in limited options for clinical use. Furthermore, not all laboratory veterinarians have practical experience in species-specific anesthetic selection and use. Owing to these factors, general anesthesia presents a common institutional challenge in animal surgical programs and serves as a bottleneck that restricts the sustainable development of biomedical industries working with laboratory animal species. This article summarizes the pharmacological properties of common general anesthetics and provides suggestions for general anesthesia in different laboratory animal species. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Explanation and Elaboration of the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅱ) Guoyuan CHEN, Xiao LU, Yu BAI, Lingzhi YU, Ying QIAO, Jian WANG, Jin LU, Xiaoyu LIU, Xuancheng LU, Jing GAO, Yao LI, Wanyong PANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (3): 323-331.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.042 Abstract （327）   HTML （30）    PDF （1187KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results remains a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of progress can help readers evaluate the reliability of research results and further explore an experiment by repeating or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is the second part of the Chinese translation of the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org ) and based on the best practices for following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals. This part includes Items 4-7 of "ARRIVE Essential 10" in the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines: "Randomization", "Blinding", "Outcome Measurement", and "Statistical Methods". Our Chinese translated version aims to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhancing the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promoting the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Advances of Animal Models of Renal Interstitial Fibrosis Can LAI, Lele LI, Tala HU, Yan MENG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (2): 163-172.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.171 Abstract （205）   HTML （9）    PDF （817KB）（482）       Knowledge map    Save Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathway in the progression of many renal diseases. Whether it is chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury that cannot be fully recovered, the progression process mostly enters end-stage renal failure after renal interstitial fibrosis. The animal model of renal interstitial fibrosis is an important research tool for exploring the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Different animal models have their own characteristics. Researchers can establish different models based on their own experience and experimental purposes, and carry out scientific research on this basis to provide more new methods for the prevention and treatment of kidney diseases. The authors focused on several common animal models of renal interstitial fibrosis to provide the reference for related researchers, including surgical models induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, 5/6 nephrectomy, and microembolization; chemical models induced by cyclosporine A, adriamycin, aristolochic acid, mercuric chloride（HgCl2）, gentamicin, cisplatin, and adenine; transgenic hybridization and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) induced transgenic modification model; composite model induced by bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (BIRI) combined with gentamicin, unilateral nephrectomy combined with angiotensin II (Ang II), and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI) combined with pLVX-shTNC plasmid. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅲ) Xiaoyu LIU, Xuancheng LU, Xiaomeng SHI, Yuzhou ZHANG, Chao LÜ, Guoyuan CHEN, Xiao LU, Yu BAI, Jing GAO, Yao LI, Yonggang LIU, Yufeng TAO, Wanyong PANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (4): 446-456.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.039 Abstract （206）   HTML （25）    PDF （1578KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge.Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org ). The third part of the article includes the items 8-10 of ARRIVE 2.0 Essential 10, which covers "experimental animals" "experimental procedures" and "results". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the Development Status of Laboratory Animals in Japan Huan GOU, Xinying AN, Yujia TONG, Yan WANG, Shuang YANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (2): 194-204.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.141 Abstract （279）   HTML （38）    PDF （1190KB）（474）       Knowledge map    Save Experimental animals have made important contributions to human medical research and life and health. It is known that the development of laboratory animal science in Japan has been relatively rapid in the past few decades, providing important support for the development of the world's experimental animal field. Therefore, it is of great significance to understand the management mode and resource storage situation of Japanese experimental animals, analyze the advantages of Japanese experimental animal development, and propose suggestions to strengthen the high-quality development of experimental animals in China. Through literature research, the authors first analyzed the management system of experimental animals in Japan, including regulations and policies, research funding management, experimental animal management, talent cultivation, and standard and normative systems. Then, the current status of experimental animal research in Japan was summarized, including experimental animal resources, major research institutions, and production enterprises. On this basis, it was found that the field of experimental animal research in Japan currently exhibits characteristics such as a complete policy system, flexible management methods, rich resource reserves, and large-scale industrial development. Finally, by comparing the existing problems in China, suggestions for the development of experimental animal technology in China are proposed: (1) drawing on the legal management method of experimental animals in Japan, strengthening and improving the legislation and management model of experimental animals in China; (2) increaseing investment in scientific research funds, playing the role of research institutions, societies and industries, and promoting the incremental construction and industrial development of experimental animal resources. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Animal Models of Ischemic Stroke Bo DONG, Jiaxin LIU, Wei XIONG, Songqi TANG, Wei HUANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 54-61.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.049 Abstract （483）   HTML （40）    PDF （970KB）（1336）       Knowledge map    Save Ischemic stroke refers to the ischemic necrosis or softening of limited brain tissue caused by cerebral blood circulation disorder, ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in corresponding neurological functional defects. Ischemic stroke is one of the primary causes of human disability, seriously threatens human health, and there is still no effective treatment by now. In order to study the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and prevent and treat it better, it is very important to establish appropriate animal models.This paper aims to summarize the animal models of ischemic stroke and its advantages and disadvantages. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Brief Interpretation of AVMA Guidelines on Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition LU Jin, ZHANG Ying, PAN Xueying, WANG Jian, YAN Guofeng, ZHOU Jing, ZHU Lian, CHEN Xuejin, LI Yao, PANG Wanyong Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2021, 41 (3): 195-206.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.086 Abstract （1541）   HTML （419）    PDF （963KB）（1016）       Knowledge map    Save Overdose of injectable barbiturates or barbituric acid derivatives is the most preferred euthanasia method for the majority of animal species. However, these controlled drugs have limited access, and in this case or in any other scientific concerns, veterinarians may choose alternative, conditional acceptable methods as recommended by American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. In the newest 2020 Edition, existing euthanasia methods, techniques and agents of euthanasia are updated according to recently released articles. This article summarized the updated content of the new version of the AVMA Guidelines and on this basis, enumerated the most preferred methods of euthanasia, methods acceptable with conditions and unacceptable methods to euthanize different animal species. In addition, principles and precautions related to animal euthanasia were also briefly described. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Explanation and Elaboration for the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0—Reporting Animal Research and In Vivo Experiments (Ⅰ) Jian WANG, Jin LU, Zhengwen MA, Guoyuan CHEN, Xiao LU, Yu BAI, Xiaoyu LIU, Xuancheng LU, Jing GAO, Yao LI, Wanyong Pang Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (2): 213-224.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.043 Abstract （862）   HTML （50）    PDF （1622KB）（460）       Knowledge map    Save Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Researchers reporting their research process transparently and accurately can help readers evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translatability of animal experimental results. The use of ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and integrity of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. this article is a Chinese translation based on the best practices of international journals following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, specifically for the complete interpretation of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in the PLoS Biology journal in 2020 (original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org ). The first part of the article includes the preface and the "Key 10" section, which covers "study design" "sample size" and "inclusion and exclusion criteria". Its aim is to promote the full understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines by domestic researchers, enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and promote the high-quality development of experimental animal technology and comparative medicine research in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Studies in Animal Models of Schizophrenia Ling HU, Zhibin HU, Yunqing HU, Yuqiang DING Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (2): 145-155.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.174 Abstract （395）   HTML （30）    PDF （941KB）（453）       Knowledge map    Save Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a highly destructive and complex psychiatric disorder illness, accompanied by a variety of positive and negative symptoms along with cognitive impairment, which brings a heavy social burden. Elucidation of the pathogenesis and therapeutic development is challenging because the complex interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental factors in essential neurodevelopmental processes. Therefore, preparing appropriate animal models can help people better understanding the neurobiological basis of SCZ and provide theoretical basis for finding new treatments. In order to provide reference for the application and improvement of SCZ animal models, this commentary reviewed several main modeling methods for animal models of SCZ, including neurodevelopmental models, drug-induced animal models, and genetic models, and the behavioral evaluation, histological analysis and possible molecular mechanisms of SCZ animal models were also outlined. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction Methods and Influencing Factors on Animal Model of Sepsis Xiao LI, Haipeng YAN, Zhenghui XIAO Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 207-212.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.121 Abstract （326）   HTML （30）    PDF （676KB）（729）       Knowledge map    Save Sepsis is a common acute and critical illness, and its pathogenic mechanism is complex, often involving multiple organs and systems in the body. Various factors such as inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, and coagulation dysfunction are connected into an interconnected and mutually influencing network system, aggravating the severity of the disease. At present, the case fatality rate of sepsis is about 25%, which is a serious threat to human health. Establishing a stable and reliable experimental animal model of sepsis is an important means to understand the mechanism of host defense regulation in the early stage of infection, the mechanism of host response disorder in the stage of disease progression and to study the therapeutic effect of new therapeutic drugs. At present, there are many methods to establish animal models of sepsis, and there are many influencing factors. Therefore, this paper reviewed the preparation methods and influencing factors of animal models of sepsis, in order to provide some references for researchers to select suitable animal models. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease Zhejin SHENG, Limei LI Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 342-350.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.122 Abstract （449）   HTML （369）    PDF （833KB）（567）       Knowledge map    Save Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which seriously affects the health of the elderly people. The drugs currently approved for the treatment of AD can only reduce the symptoms severity of AD, but can't cure AD or prevent the deterioration of AD. Over the past 40 years, there have been numerous treatments for AD, including compounds that prevent amyloid deposition in the brain or remove existing amyloid plaques, but their clinical curative effects are not significant. Therefore, more basic and clinical studies are needed to improve our understanding of the biological mechanism of AD. Experimental animal models are very important not only for the study of the pathogenesis of AD, but also for the development of AD drugs. This paper reviewed the main histopathological characteristics, genetic factors, the current animal models and model evaluation of AD. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Preliminary Method for Continuous Drainage of Mesenteric Lymph Fluid in Rats Xiaorui ZHANG, Jing CAO, Qianqian WU, Kang KANG, Guoyuan CHEN, Baojin WU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (4): 267-274.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.024 Abstract （856）   HTML （643）    PDF （2951KB）（478）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To establish a novel sustained collection method for mesenteric lymph fluid by means of assisted reflux from the mesenteric-jugular lymphatic duct in rats. Methods Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups. The control group underwent duodenal and intestinal lymphatic duct cannulation, after which intestinal lymph fluid was collected. The experimental group underwent jugular vein and intestinal lymphatic duct cannulation to establish intestinal-jugular lymphatic duct assisted reflux. The intestinal lymph fluid was collected on the 7th day after the operation using an awake mobility device. The flow rate of intestinal lymph fluid was recorded, and its cellular components and some biochemical indicators were detected. Results Mesenteric-jugular lymphatic duct vein cannulation assisted reflux was successfully established in rats, and the rat models could be maintained for more than seven days. The intestinal lymph flow rate was （2.01±0.12） mL/h in the experimental group, which was higher than that of the control group [(0.92±0.09) mL/h, P＜0.01]. The number of lymphocytes (LYM#) and percentage of lymphocytes (LYM/%) in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). The percentage of neutrophils (NEUT/%) and percentage of monocytes (MONO/%) were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05, respectively). The concentrations of K+, Na+, CO2, and urea in the lymph fluid of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.01). However, the concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and P3+ were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.01). Conclusion This novel method can achieve real-time and long-term collection of mesenteric lymph fluid in rats under the condition of being awake, unrestricted in diet and in normal state, avoiding the influence of surgical stress, general anesthesia or animal restraint on the experimental results. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Guidelines for the Selection of Animal Models and Preclinical Drug Trials for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2024 Edition) Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2024, 44 (1): 3-30.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.001 Abstract （135）   HTML （187）    PDF （1252KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), the most prevalent and lethal subtype of stroke, is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhage in the brain parenchyma. Presently, there are no effective methods for preventing and treating sICH. The existing sICH animal models can be broadly categorized into three classes: (1) induced intracerebral hemorrhage models, including autologous blood injection model, collagenase injection model, microballoon inflation model, and hyperglycemia-induced sICH hematoma expansion model; (2) spontaneous hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage models mainly include stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) and stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRsp); (3) gene-modified models encompassing transgentic hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, transgentic cerebral amyloid angiopathy, arteriovenous malformation-related, cerebral cavernous malformation-related and collagen-related genetically modified animal models for sICH. These models contribute not only to unraveling the pathogenesis of sICH and exploring preventive or therapeutic interventions, but also serve as invaluable tools for conducting preclinical drug trials to advance novel treatments. This guide comprehensively reviews sICH pathogenesis, delineates the superiority and inferiority of different species of modeling animals, explains the modeling principles and techniques for various sICH animal models, elucidates the technical details of animal model production, summarizes the pathophysiological mechanism simulated by the models and their clinical relevance, outlines the neurobehavioral evaluation methodologies for sICH animal models, compares the advantages and disadvantages of various models, and suggests their applicable research areas. Additionally, it underscores critical considerations in the design of preclinical drug trials for sICH. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Application of Mouse Models to Study Digestive Mucosal Immunity and Infectious Diseases Shiyan YU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 3-10.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.170 Abstract （412）   HTML （230）    PDF （918KB）（934）       Knowledge map    Save The host digestive tract comprises trillions of commensal microbes, collectively called microbiota. These microbes interact with a various host cell types and have a significant impact on health and disease. High-throughput sequencing technologies have accelerated the identification of numerous poorly studied microbes associated with health and disease. Genetic and humanized mouse models with and without environmental exposure were established to study the roles of these microbes in human physiologies and pathologies. Important findings related to the microbiota, mucosal immunity, and infectious diseases in mouse models are summarized. Furthermore, challenges and opportunities in leveraging genetic approaches and environmental exposure to optimize mouse models are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in Animal Models of Ulcerative Colitis Yu HU, Yunxi LAN, Xiaoxiao CHEN, Wei XIONG, Songqi TANG, Bo JIA, Wei HUANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (3): 220-228.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.155 Abstract （431）   HTML （22）    PDF （890KB）（1089）       Knowledge map    Save Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Its pathogenesis has not been fully revealed. Moreover, the lack of effective and safe treatment strategies is an obstacle for UC treatment currently. Animal models are essential tools in disease research. Therefore, the establishment of animal models with pathological manifestations similar to human UC is conducive to the full study of this disease. In this review, we reviewed the research progress of animal models of UC, and found that chemical induction is the most commonly used method for modeling UC. Based on the development of genomics technology, gene editing or knockout-induced spontaneous colitis is a vital direction for animal models research in the future. In addition, the indexes for evaluating the modeling results of UC animal models need to be further explored. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Their Application in Drug Research Jiahui YU, Qian GONG, Lenan ZHUANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (4): 381-397.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.048 Abstract （148）   HTML （15）    PDF （1028KB）（201）       Knowledge map    Save Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling causing increased vascular resistance, which will lead to right heart failure and even death if left untreated. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension has not yet been clarified, and clinical treatments have not been effective in improving prognosis or reducing mortality. To investigate the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and to develop and evaluate more effective and safer drug treatments, establishing related animal disease models is very important. This paper outlines the pathological characteristics of pulmonary arterial hypertension and summarizes the various types of animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as describes the progress of the application of these models in three therapeutic pathways and related drug research in the past five years, with a view to providing a reference for the selection of animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension and research applications. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease LOK Keng-hoe, ZHAO Wen-juan, YING Ming Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2012, 32 (1): 80-88.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2012.01.020 Abstract （98）      PDF （343KB）（484）       Knowledge map    Save Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease, AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, its learning ability, behavioral and expression impairments exacerbate with age. AD animal models than simulate the AD disease's pathology are an essential tool to study this disease. A number of transgenic animal models had successfully established, including APPPS1, PS1/PS1, Tau protein transgenic mice and rapid aging-SAMP8 mice. Suitable animal model play an important role in the AD pathogenesis and drug development research. This article reviews the most common animal model of AD and its role in drug development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biosafety Problems and Countermeasures in the Management of Barrier Facilities for Laboratory Animals Yuqin YANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (2): 95-101.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.164 Abstract （557）   HTML （142）    PDF （798KB）（1072）       Knowledge map    Save Biosafety is an important part of national security, and effective control of biological hazards of laboratory animals is the basis of using laboratory animals. Based on the experience of biosafety management in the Laboratory Animal Center of Shanghai General Hospital, this paper analyzed the potential biosafety threats faced by laboratory animal barrier facilities in the process of ensuring the smooth conducting of animal experiments from the perspective of a laboratory animal facility manager, and discussed the relevant countermeasures to reduce such risks, in order to provide a reference for the proper control of biosafety problems in animal experiments. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Laboratory Proficiency Testing Results on the Detection of Porcine Parvovirus Nucleic Acid Xiaobo LI, Ji WANG, Hong WANG, Shujing WANG, Shasha WANG, Xiao QIN, Wei LI, Bingfei YUE, Rui FU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (6): 490-497.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.137 Abstract （278）   HTML （10）    PDF （759KB）（314）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To understand the testing level of the relevant laboratories and standardize the detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) nucleic acid by implementing laboratory proficiency testing plan of the PPV nucleic acid testing. Methods From January to August 2022, NIFDC organized the laboratory proficiency testing plan for PPV nucleic acid detection (plan number: NIFDC-PT-364). According to relevant CNAS standards, inactivated PPV was added into the serum of PPV negative pigs to prepare proficiency testing samples. After passing the homogeneity and stability tests, the samples should be distributed to the participating laboratories. Each laboratory was distributed 3 samples and was required to conduct qualitative detection of PPV nucleic acid, and submit the results and relevant original records within the specified time. Finally, the results submitted by each laboratory were summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 9 laboratories registered to participate in this proficiency testing, and all of them fed back the results within the specified time. Among them, the results of 8 laboratories met the expectations, accounting for 88.9%. Three samples from one laboratory were all tested positive for PPV, which was not consistent with the expected results, and it was judged as unsatisfactory. Most laboratories adopted real-time fluorescent PCR detection method, and used domestic reagents for nucleic acid extraction, while the PCR amplification reagents were mainly imported reagents. The use of different brands of reagents didn't have impact on the detection results. There were some problems in some laboratories, such as unclear diagram of experimental results and incomplete information of original records. Conclusion Most of the participating laboratories are capable of PPV nucleic acid detection, but the detection details need to be improved. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Animal Aging Models Danyang YIN, Yi HU, Rengfei SHI Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (2): 156-162.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.094 Abstract （389）   HTML （18）    PDF （751KB）（364）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing severity of global aging, aging-related issues have become the hotspot in the field of health. In recent years, animal aging models have been widely developed and applied, which is of great significance in the study of aging mechanism. Animals with short life span, such as Caenorhabditis Elegans and Drosophila Melanogaster, have natural advantages in the study of aging. Various rat and mouse aging models have been used in aging studies. In recent years, new animal aging models have been developed, such as the African turquoise killifish. The authors reviewed main animal models used in the study of aging, and analyzed the establishment methods, evaluation indexes, advantages and disadvantages of each model in order to provide reference for related research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on the Operation, Maintenance and Care Modes of Laboratory Animals Facilities Yue HUANG, Ye DONG, Jiale SHU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2024, 44 (1): 92-96.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.078 Abstract （90）   HTML （9）    PDF （697KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of the biopharmaceutical industry in China, the laboratory animal sector has entered a stage of rapid growth, and the construction of facility operation systems has become increasingly automated and intelligent. Compared to traditional laboratory animal facilities, new facilities require a more specialized technical team for the maintenance of air supply and exhaust systems, air conditioning, automated control, and the entire barrier system. The Lingang Laboratory’s animal facilities accommodate both large and small animals for feeding and experimental purposes. The facility management team has summarized daily maintenance experiences and explored various operational and maintenance modes based on the characteristics of laboratory operation. After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of three common modes, this paper provides new ideas for the management of these laboratory animal facilities, and offers guidance for peers in choosing the most appropriate professional maintenance mode. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances and Applications in Animal Models of Neuroblastoma Zhigang TAN, Jinxin LIU, Chuya ZHENG, Wenfeng LIAO, Luping FENG, Hongli PENG, Xiu YAN, Zhenjian ZHUO Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (3): 288-296.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.194 Abstract （145）   HTML （6）    PDF （1067KB）（267）       Knowledge map    Save Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in children, ranks fourth in the incidence of pediatric tumors, and accounts for 15% of pediatric tumor deaths in children in China. Despite the development of new treatment options, the prognosis for high-risk patients is still poor. An animal model that can replicate the tumorigenesis of NB is an important tool for the prevention and treatment of NB. However, there are currently no animal models that can simulate all features of human NB. To provide a reference for the construction of animal models and treatment of NB, this article introduced several animal models of NB that have been extensively researched: the mouse, chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, and zebrafish models. At the same time, it elaborated on the species, construction methods, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and research progress in NB. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary Study on Raising and Maintaining Clean Mice with Micro-barrier Cages in Conventional Environmental Facilities Qi REN, Yandong LI, Qiang SUN Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (5): 440-447.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.129 Abstract （561）   HTML （63）    PDF （1562KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To explore the feasibility of breeding cleaning degree mice with micro-barrier cages in conventional environmental facilities. Methods Clean-grade mice were housed and maintained in positive-pressure microbarrier cages in a general environment, during which third-party sampling of the microbial status of the animals in the microbarrier was performed on a quarterly frequency. Results From June 2020 to July 2022, no microorganisms that must be excluded by the national standard for cleaning degree mice have been detected in two consecutive years. Conclusion Micro-barrier cages can be used to raise and maintain cleaning grade mice in conventional environmental facilities. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Statistical Analysis of the Leakage Situation in the Automated Watering System for Mice in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center Qianqian TANG, Xiuli ZHANG, Zai CHANG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2024, 44 (1): 85-91.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.132 Abstract （106）   HTML （13）    PDF （1306KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To calculate the leakage rate of the automated watering system in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, to evaluate the safety of the system, and provide references for selection, maintenance, and management of automated watering systems in animal facilities. Methods This study investigated the automated watering system installed in South and North Barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center (Phase II). Water leakage monitoring was conducted over two periods, one over a period of 3 years and the other over 1.5 years. The occurrence of water leakage events at the two barriers during the monitoring period was statistically analyzed, classifying the causes into four categories: mishandling by personnel, animal behavior, obstruction by foreign objects, and deformation of fittings. The total daily leakage rate due to these causes and the daily leakage rate caused by quality issues, i.e. obstruction by foreign objects and deformation of fittings were calculated. Further analysis and discussion focused on the causes of water leakage and its impact on the facilities. At the same time, the number of caretakers at the end of the monitoring period in the Phase I facility without automated watering system and the Phase II facility with automated watering system were counted. Finally the difference in the number of cages per capita under the two watering systems was calculated. Results A total of 52 water leakage incidents occurred in both areas during the monitoring period, with a total daily leakage rate of 0.000 13%. Among them, 31 were caused by personnel mishandling, accounting for approximately 60% of total leakages. Enhanced training, supervision, inspection, and effective reminder measures could reduce leakage caused by personnel mishandling. There were 2 cases of water leakages caused by animal behavior, 0 leakage due to obstruction by foreign objects, and 19 leakages due to system quality issues, with a daily leakage rate of 0.000 07%. According to the operation data of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, the average number of cages managed per person in facilities equipped with the automated watering system was 908, compared to 570 cages in facilities without the automated watering system. This represents an approximate 59% increase in the number of cages managed per person with the adoption of the automated watering system. Conclusion The daily leakage rate of the automated watering system in the Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center is significantly lower than the theoretical design rate of 0.003%, which demonstrates the system's safety and effectiveness. Additionally, the adoption of an automated watering system can signi?cantly enhance caretaking ef?ciency. While initial investments in the system are required, the subsequent increase in ef?ciency leads to a continuous decrease in labor costs, thereby reducing the total operational expenses of the facility. In the context of modernizing animal facility construction, automated watering systems are becoming an essential consideration in facility design and operation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Perspective Review of Animal Models for Osteoporosis Research QIAO Wei-wei, ZHAO Xian-zhe Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2011, 31 (1): 73-78.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.01.016 Abstract （112）      PDF （305KB）（704）       Knowledge map    Save Osteoporosis is an important systemic disorder, impairing mainly the health and life quality of the elderly, with a diverse multifactorial etiology. The proper animal models of osteoporosis lay the foundation of sophisticated studies on this disease. Here, we review some typical animal models of osteoporosi and summarize the drawbacks from the previous using experiences and pose the corresponding improvement of these animal models in actual application. Then, we introduce some novel animal models of osteoporosis and take a perspective view of the requisite needs for large animal models of osteoporosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative Study on the Presentation Effect of Photochemical Method and Wire Embolization Method for Making Focal Cerebral Infarction Model Huijuan LOU, Hongshi ZHANG, Yufeng WANG, Meng JIA, Deyu CONG Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (1): 48-53.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.095 Abstract （380）   HTML （30）    PDF （1147KB）（931）       Knowledge map    Save Objective To investigate the two different methods of making animal models of focal cerebral infarction by photochemical method and wire embolization method, and to analyze the correlation between infarct volume and behavior of experimental animals due to different modeling methods. Methods Totally sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats of 300-330 g were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, photochemical group and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group. The neurological function scores and behavioral tests on the rats were performed 24 hours after surgery. Then brain tissues were removed by anesthesia and execution, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was performed to assess the brain infarct volume in rats. Results There were different volume infarct foci in the brain of SD rats in photochemical group and MCAO group. In MCAO model, most of the hemispheric cortex, striatum, thalamus, hippocampus and subventricular zone were involved in ischemia, and there were good correlations of neurological function scores and balance beam test scores with infarct volumes. In the photochemical model, the infarct foci were in cerebral cortex, and the neurobehavioral abnormalities were well correlated with the cortical infarct location, but the correlation with the infarct volume was relatively poor. Conclusion In MCAO modeling experiment, the behavioral outcomes closely correlated with infarct volume size, while the photochemical model can produce site-specific lesions and site-specific behavioral changed, and the behavioral outcomes have poor correlation with infarct volume. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Research Progress of the Mechanism of Adult-born Immature Granule Neurons Underlying Rapid Antidepressant Effect of Ketamine Sheng WEI, Xiwen GENG, Feng ZHAO, Zifa LI, Hao ZHANG, Minghui HU Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2022, 42 (5): 377-383.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.146 Abstract （318）   HTML （200）    PDF （1462KB）（322）       Knowledge map    Save Major depressive disorder is a serious disease that impacts human health worldwide. Traditional antidepressant medications are limited by the delayed onset of therapeutic effects and the unacceptable side effects. Recently, the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine, which decreases depressive symptoms within hours, has been a very attractive finding in the field, but the underlying mechanisms mediating this rapid response remain unclear. Besides, the clinical application of ketamine still carries risks, such as addiction and deleterious side effects. In May 2022, Rawat et al. reported that the acute activation of adult-born immature granule neurons (ABINs) in the dentate gyrus played a key role in the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. This commentary reviews the important findings of this research and looks forward to the future work. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Evolution and Prospects of Laboratory Animal Management: A Case Study of Shanghai's Development in the Past Decade Yong ZHAO Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine    2023, 43 (5): 492-503.   DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.134 Abstract （287）   HTML （158）    PDF （1101KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save There are differences in historical and cultural beliefs, development history, and levels of technological development among different countries and regions around the world. However, they have all established corresponding laboratory animal management systems that are suitable for their national conditions. In 2001, the Ministry of Science and Technology, together with six other ministries, jointly issued the administrative licensing system for experimental animals, which was an innovative measure in China's specialized management system for experimental animals.The State Administration for Market Regulation and the National Standards Committee, based on the welfare of experimental animals and the needs of scientific research, have formulated a series of national standards for laboratory animals, and the local experimental animal management institutions, experimental animal quality testing unit and professional training base have also been established, which provide a strong guarantee for the rapid and healthy development of experimental animal science. This paper reviews the development of experimental animal management in Shanghai in the past ten years, reflects the evolution of national experimental animal management in recent years, points out the weak links in the development process, and puts forward suggestions for the innovation and development of experimental animal work. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics