Construction Methods and Influencing Factors on Animal Model of Sepsis

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.121

Abstract

Abstract:

Sepsis is a common acute and critical illness, and its pathogenic mechanism is complex, often involving multiple organs and systems in the body. Various factors such as inflammatory response, immune dysfunction, and coagulation dysfunction are connected into an interconnected and mutually influencing network system, aggravating the severity of the disease. At present, the case fatality rate of sepsis is about 25%, which is a serious threat to human health. Establishing a stable and reliable experimental animal model of sepsis is an important means to understand the mechanism of host defense regulation in the early stage of infection, the mechanism of host response disorder in the stage of disease progression and to study the therapeutic effect of new therapeutic drugs. At present, there are many methods to establish animal models of sepsis, and there are many influencing factors. Therefore, this paper reviewed the preparation methods and influencing factors of animal models of sepsis, in order to provide some references for researchers to select suitable animal models.

Key words: Sepsis, Animal models, Cecal ligation and puncture, Mice

CLC Number:

R-332

Xiao LI, Haipeng YAN, Zhenghui XIAO. Construction Methods and Influencing Factors on Animal Model of Sepsis[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2022, 42(3): 207-212.

References 38

1	FERNANDO S M, REARDON P M, ROCHWERG B, et al. Sepsis-3 septic shock criteria and associated mortality among infected hospitalized patients assessed by a rapid response team[J]. Chest, 2018, 154(2):309-316. DOI:10.1016/j.chest.2018.05.004 .
2	FLEISCHMANN C, SCHERAG A, ADHIKARI N K, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated Sepsis. current estimates and limitations[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2016, 193(3):259-272. DOI:10.1164/rccm.201504-0781oc .
3	江伟, 杜斌. 中国脓毒症流行病学现状[J]. 医学研究生学报, 2019, 32(1):5-8. DOI:10.16571/j.cnki.1008-8199.2019.01.002 .
	JIANG W, DU B. Epidemiology of sepsis in China[J]. J Med Postgrad, 2019, 32(1):5-8. DOI:10.16571/j.cnki.1008-8199.2019.01.002 .
4	TAVEIRA DA SILVA A M, KAULBACH H C, CHUIDIAN F S, et al. Brief report: shock and multiple-organ dysfunction after self-administration of Salmonella endotoxin[J]. N Engl J Med, 1993, 328(20):1457-1460. DOI:10.1056/nejm199305203282005 .
5	KORNEEV K V. Mouse models of Sepsis and septic shock[J]. Mol Biol, 2019, 53(5):704-717. DOI:10.1134/S0026893319050108 .
6	KINGSLEY S M K, BHAT B V. Differential paradigms in animal models of Sepsis [J]. Curr Infect Dis Rep, 2016, 18(9):26. DOI:10.1007/s11908-016-0535-8 .
7	CARPENTER K C, HAKENJOS J M, FRY C D, et al. The influence of pain and analgesia in rodent models of Sepsis [J]. Comp Med, 2019, 69(6):546-554. DOI:10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000004 .
8	MISHRA S K, CHOUDHURY S. Experimental protocol for cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial Sepsis and assessment of vascular functions in mice[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2018, 1717:161-187. DOI:10.1007/978-1-4939-7526-6_14 .
9	BURAS J A, HOLZMANN B, SITKOVSKY M. Animal Models of sepsis: setting the stage[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2005, 4(10):854-865. DOI:10.1038/nrd1854 .
10	MURANDO F, PELOSO A, COBIANCHI L. Experimental abdominal Sepsis: sticking to an awkward but still useful translational model[J]. Mediat Inflamm, 2019, 2019:8971036. DOI:10.1155/2019/8971036 .
11	NICOLAI O, PÖTSCHKE C, SCHMOECKEL K, et al. Antibody production in murine polymicrobial Sepsis—kinetics and key players[J]. Front Immunol, 2020, 11:828. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00828 .
12	ZANTL N, UEBE A, NEUMANN B, et al. Essential role of gamma interferon in survival of colon ascendens stent peritonitis, a novel murine model of abdominal sepsis[J]. Infect Immun, 1998, 66(5):2300-2309. DOI:10.1128/IAI.66.5. 2300-2309.1998 .
13	RINCON J C, EFRON P A, MOLDAWER L L, et al. Cecal slurry injection in neonatal and adult mice[J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2021, 2321:27-41. DOI:10.1007/978-1-0716-1488-4_4 .
14	LEWIS A J, SEYMOUR C W, ROSENGART M R. Current murine models of Sepsis [J]. Surg Infect, 2016, 17(4):385-393. DOI:10.1089/sur.2016.021 .
15	NAKAJIMA R, HAGIHARA H, MIYAKAWA T. Similarities of developmental gene expression changes in the brain between human and experimental animals: rhesus monkey, mouse, Zebrafish, and Drosophila [J]. Mol Brain, 2021, 14(1):135. DOI:10.1186/s13041-021-00840-4 .
16	BURAS J A, HOLZMANN B, SITKOVSKY M. Animal Models of sepsis: setting the stage[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 2005, 4(10):854-865. DOI:10.1038/nrd1854 .
17	ZINGARELLI B, COOPERSMITH C M, DRECHSLER S, et al. Part I: Minimum quality threshold in preclinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS) for study design and humane modeling endpoints[J]. Shock, 2019, 51(1):10-22. DOI:10.1097/SHK. 0000000000001243 .
18	RAYMOND S L, LÓPEZ M C, BAKER H V, et al. Unique transcriptomic response to sepsis is observed among patients of different age groups[J]. PLoS One, 2017, 12(9): e0184159. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0184159 .[PubMed]
19	STORTZ J A, HOLLEN M K, NACIONALES D C, et al. Old mice demonstrate organ dysfunction as well as prolonged inflammation, immunosuppression, and weight loss in a modified surgical Sepsis model[J]. Crit Care Med, 2019, 47(11): e919-e929. DOI:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003926 .[PubMed]
20	TURNBULL I R, WLZOREK J J, OSBORNE D, et al. Effects of age on mortality and antibiotic efficacy in cecal ligation and puncture[J]. Shock Augusta Ga, 2003, 19(4):310-313. DOI:10.1097/00024382-200304000-00003 .
21	Xu J, Tong L, YAO J, et al. Association of sex with clinical outcome in critically Ill sepsis patients: A retrospective analysis of the large clinical database MIMIC-III[J]. Shock, 2019 52(2):146-151. DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001253 .
22	MEGE J L, BRETELLE F, LEONE M. Sex and bacterial infectious diseases[J]. New Microbes New Infect, 2018, 26: S100-S103. DOI:10.1016/j.nmni.2018.05.010 .
23	GAY L, MELENOTTE C, LAKBAR I, et al. Sexual dimorphism and gender in infectious diseases[J]. Front Immunol, 2021, 12:698121. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.698121 .
24	LEFÈVRE N, CORAZZA F, VALSAMIS J, et al. The number of X chromosomes influences inflammatory cytokine production following toll-like receptor stimulation[J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10:1052. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01052 .
25	Knöferl M W, Angele M K, DIODATO M D, et al. Female sex hormones regulate macrophage function after trauma-hemorrhage and prevent increased death rate from subsequent sepsis[J]. Ann Surg, 2002, 235(1):105-112. DOI:10.1097/00000658-200201000-00014 .
26	HELLMAN J, BAHRAMI S, BOROS M, et al. Part Ⅲ: Minimum quality threshold in preclinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS) for fluid resuscitation and antimicrobial therapy endpoints[J]. Shock, 2019, 51(1):33-43. DOI:10.1097/SHK.0000000000001209 .
27	BYRNE L, HAREN F VAN. Fluid resuscitation in human sepsis: time to rewrite history? [J]. Ann Intensive Care, 2017, 7(1):4. DOI:10.1186/s13613-016-0231-8 .
28	EVANS L, RHODES A, ALHAZZANI W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021[J]. Intensive Care Med, 2021, 47(11):1181-1247. DOI:10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y .
29	ESMON C T. Why do animal models (sometimes) fail to mimic human sepsis?[J]. Crit Care Med, 2004, 32(5 ): S219-S222. DOI:10.1097/01.ccm.0000127036.27343.48 .
30	CARPENTER K C, HAKENJOS J M, FRY C D, et al. The influence of pain and analgesia in rodent models of Sepsis [J]. Comp Med, 2019, 69(6):546-554. DOI:10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000004 .
31	LEE H T, EMALA C W, JOO J D, et al. Isoflurane improves survival and protects against renal and hepatic injury in murine septic peritonitis[J]. Shock, 2007, 27(4):373-379. DOI:10.1097/01.shk.0000248595.17130.24 .
32	HERRMANN I K, CASTELLON M, SCHWARTZ D E, et al. Volatile anesthetics improve survival after cecal ligation and puncture[J]. Anesthesiology, 2013, 119(4):901-906. DOI:10.1097/aln.0b013e3182a2a38c .
33	BAXTER M G, MURPHY K L, TAYLOR P M, et al. Chloral hydrate is not acceptable for anesthesia or euthanasia of small animals[J]. Anesthesiology, 2009, 111(1):209; author reply 209-209; author reply 210. DOI:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181a8617e .
34	SINGLETON K D, WISCHMEYER P E. Distance of cecum ligated influences mortality, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression following cecal ligation and puncture in the rat[J]. Eur Surg Res, 2003, 35(6):486-491. DOI:10.1159/000073387 .
35	SONG T Z, YIN H L, CHEN J T, et al. Survival advantage depends on cecal volume rather than cecal length in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture[J]. J Surg Res, 2016, 203(2):476-482. DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2016.03.019 .
36	DEJAGER L, PINHEIRO I, DEJONCKHEERE E, et al. Cecal ligation and puncture: the gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis? [J]. Trends Microbiol, 2011, 19(4):198-208. DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2011.01.001 .
37	CAVAILLON J M, SINGER M, SKIRECKI T. Sepsis therapies: learning from 30 years of failure of translational research to propose new leads[J]. EMBO Mol Med, 2020, 12(4): e10128. DOI:10.15252/emmm.201810128 .
38	ALVERDY J C, KESKEY R, THEWISSEN R. Can the cecal ligation and puncture model Be repurposed to better inform therapy in human Sepsis? [J]. Infect Immun, 2020, 88(9): e00942-e00919. DOI:10.1128/iai.00942-19 .

[1]	Min LIANG, Yang GUO, Jinjin WANG, Mengyan ZHU, Jun CHI, Yanjuan CHEN, Chengji WANG, Zhilan YU, Ruling SHEN. Construction of Dmd Gene Mutant Mice and Phenotype Verification in Muscle and Immune Systems [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 42-51.
[2]	Jianhua ZHENG, Yunzhi FA, Qiaoyan DONG, Yefeng QIU, Jingqing CHEN. Construction and Evaluation of a Mouse Model with Intestinal Injury by Acute Hypoxic Stress in Plateau [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 31-41.
[3]	Qianqian TANG, Xiuli ZHANG, Zai CHANG. Statistical Analysis of the Leakage Situation in the Automated Watering System for Mice in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 85-91.
[4]	Committee of Experts on Medical Animal Experiments, Chinese Research Hospital Association. Guidelines for the Selection of Animal Models and Preclinical Drug Trials for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2024 Edition) [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 3-30.
[5]	Xin LIU, Shaobo SHI, Cui ZHANG, Bo YANG, Chuan QU. Construction and Evaluation of End-to-side Anastomosis Model of Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula in Mice [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(6): 595-603.
[6]	Dan WANG, Xiaolu ZHANG, Yan WANG, Bo FU, Wendong WANG, Jing LIU, Suyin ZHANG, Yihe WU, Deguo WU, Xiaoyan DU, Dawei ZHAN, Xiulin ZHANG, Changlong LI. Study on the Antibody Production Efficiency in Modified Big-BALB/c Mice [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(6): 612-618.
[7]	Shuwu XIE, Ruling SHEN, Jinxing LIN, Chun FAN. Progress in Establishment and Application of Laboratory Animal Models Related to Development of Male Infertility Drugs [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 504-511.
[8]	Lingzhi YU, Jianyun XIE, Liping FENG, Xiaofeng WEI. Establishment of Fluorescence qPCR Method for Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus and Its Application in Feces Detection of Rats and Mice [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 566-573.
[9]	Chengji WANG, Jue WANG, Haijie WANG, Weisheng LU, Yan SHI, Zhengye GU, Mingqiu WAN, Ruling SHEN. Application of Optimized Latex Perfusion Technique in the Establishment of Craniofacial Venous Model in Mice [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 574-578.
[10]	Shanshan ZHAI, Liang LIANG, Yingying CAO, Zhuxin LI, Qing WANG, Junyu TAO, Chenxia YUN, Jing LENG, Haibo TANG. Diagnosis of Trichoepithelioma in a Tree Shrew and Observation of Cell Biological Characteristics [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 440-445.
[11]	Rui ZHANG, Meiyu LÜ, Jianjun ZHANG, Jinlian LIU, Yan CHEN, Zhiqiang HUANG, Yao LIU, Lanhua ZHOU. Research Progress on Establishing and Evaluation of Acne Animal Models [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 398-405.
[12]	Xiaoqian TAN, Hao YANG, Huiqing TANG, Wei QU, Liang LI, Zhen QIAN, Jianzhong GU, Ping XU, Junhua XIAO. Creation and Analysis of Related Genetic Characteristics of BALB/cA.Cg.SHJH ^hr Mice [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 363-370.
[13]	Jiahui YU, Qian GONG, Lenan ZHUANG. Animal Models of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Their Application in Drug Research [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 381-397.
[14]	Yasheng DENG, Jiang LIN, Chiling GAN, Guanfeng ZENG, Jiayin HUANG, Huifang DENG, Yingxian MA, Siyin HAN. Literature Analysis of the Preparation Elements of Animal Models of Skin Photoaging and the Data of Subjects [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 406-414.
[15]	Zhiqiang PAN, Zixin NONG, Haina XIE, Peike PENG. Injurious Effect of Cisplatin on the Function of Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/gonadal Axis in Mice and the Intervention Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone [J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(3): 229-242.