General Anesthetics Commonly Used for Laboratory Animals

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2022.011

Abstract

Abstract:

General anesthetics used for laboratory animals are mostly controlled drugs, and are subject to strict supervision by the competent government agency in China. Many general anesthetics recommended in the literature are either unavailable or difficult to procure/access in the market, resulting in limited options for clinical use. Furthermore, not all laboratory veterinarians have practical experience in species-specific anesthetic selection and use. Owing to these factors, general anesthesia presents a common institutional challenge in animal surgical programs and serves as a bottleneck that restricts the sustainable development of biomedical industries working with laboratory animal species. This article summarizes the pharmacological properties of common general anesthetics and provides suggestions for general anesthesia in different laboratory animal species.

Key words: Laboratory animal, General Anesthesia, Anesthetics

CLC Number:

Q95-33

Xiao LU, Lingzhi YU, Sonja Tsung-Ying CHOU, Ruying LI, Wenjun CHEN, Shanxiang JIANG. General Anesthetics Commonly Used for Laboratory Animals[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2022, 42(1): 18-26.

Figures/Tables 2

References 43

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麻醉药名称	优点	缺点
戊巴比妥钠	使用方便；价格便宜；易于储存；麻醉起效快；麻醉持续时间较长	管制药物，购买困难；注射部位刺激；镇痛效果微弱；心肺系统抑制明显；安全范围窄
氯胺酮	价格便宜；使用方便；安全范围广；镇痛效果好；对心肺系统抑制不明显	管制药物，购买困难；分离麻醉，腺体分泌增加；注射部位有一定刺激性
舒泰-50	非管制药物；使用方便；有一定的镇痛效果；对心肺系统的抑制不明显	价格较高；适用的种属范围小；麻醉时间较短
阿佛丁	非管制药物；使用方便；麻醉时间短，麻醉起效快	非药品级药物，配制需要有明确规范要求（pH值、无菌、热原控制、均一性等）；不耐储存，现配现用；心肺抑制明显；注射部位刺激严重；安全范围窄
丙泊酚	非管制药物；体内代谢速率快	只能静脉缓慢滴注；维持麻醉的时间短；镇痛效果微弱
水合氯醛	非管制药物	非药品级药物，配制需要有明确规范要求（pH值、无菌、热原控制、均一性等）；代谢产物为强致癌物；对注射部位刺激严重；镇痛效果微弱；心肺系统抑制明显；多个组织器官有明显毒性
乌拉坦	非管制药物	非药品级药物，配制需要有明确规范要求（pH值、无菌、热原控制、均一性等）；强致癌物；心肺系统抑制明显；有职业健康隐患；麻醉剂量下，对组织器官有明显毒性
右旋美托嘧啶	非管制药物；麻醉起效快；有镇痛效果；心肺系统抑制不明显	价格较高；适用的种属范围小
异氟烷	非管制药物；安全范围广；麻醉起效快，苏醒快；种属适用范围广；麻醉剂量下，肝肾毒性小；麻醉效果一致性好	需要特制的挥发罐
乙醚	非管制药物	需要特制的挥发罐；爆炸危险性高；有职业健康隐患；清除率慢

麻醉药名称	优点	缺点
戊巴比妥钠	使用方便；价格便宜；易于储存；麻醉起效快；麻醉持续时间较长	管制药物，购买困难；注射部位刺激；镇痛效果微弱；心肺系统抑制明显；安全范围窄
氯胺酮	价格便宜；使用方便；安全范围广；镇痛效果好；对心肺系统抑制不明显	管制药物，购买困难；分离麻醉，腺体分泌增加；注射部位有一定刺激性
舒泰-50	非管制药物；使用方便；有一定的镇痛效果；对心肺系统的抑制不明显	价格较高；适用的种属范围小；麻醉时间较短
阿佛丁	非管制药物；使用方便；麻醉时间短，麻醉起效快	非药品级药物，配制需要有明确规范要求（pH值、无菌、热原控制、均一性等）；不耐储存，现配现用；心肺抑制明显；注射部位刺激严重；安全范围窄
丙泊酚	非管制药物；体内代谢速率快	只能静脉缓慢滴注；维持麻醉的时间短；镇痛效果微弱
水合氯醛	非管制药物	非药品级药物，配制需要有明确规范要求（pH值、无菌、热原控制、均一性等）；代谢产物为强致癌物；对注射部位刺激严重；镇痛效果微弱；心肺系统抑制明显；多个组织器官有明显毒性
乌拉坦	非管制药物	非药品级药物，配制需要有明确规范要求（pH值、无菌、热原控制、均一性等）；强致癌物；心肺系统抑制明显；有职业健康隐患；麻醉剂量下，对组织器官有明显毒性
右旋美托嘧啶	非管制药物；麻醉起效快；有镇痛效果；心肺系统抑制不明显	价格较高；适用的种属范围小
异氟烷	非管制药物；安全范围广；麻醉起效快，苏醒快；种属适用范围广；麻醉剂量下，肝肾毒性小；麻醉效果一致性好	需要特制的挥发罐
乙醚	非管制药物	需要特制的挥发罐；爆炸危险性高；有职业健康隐患；清除率慢

种属	麻醉药名称	剂量	给药途径
小鼠	氯胺酮联合右旋美托嘧啶	75/0.5 mg/kg	IP
小鼠	舒泰-50联合赛拉嗪	80/20 mg/kg	IP
大鼠	氯胺酮联合赛拉嗪	60/6 mg/kg	IP
大鼠	舒泰-50	40~50 mg/kg	IP，IM
兔	氯胺酮联合赛拉嗪	35/5 mg/kg	IM
兔	舒泰-50联合赛拉嗪	15/5 mg/kg	IM
猪	氯胺酮联合赛拉嗪	20/2 mg/kg	IM
猪	舒泰-50	6～8 mg/kg	IM
犬	丙泊酚	0.2 mg·kg^-1·min^-1	IV
犬	舒泰-50	7.5～25 mg/kg	IM
食蟹猴	氯胺酮	5～20 mg/kg	IM
食蟹猴	舒泰-50	2～5 mg/kg	IM

种属	麻醉药名称	剂量	给药途径
小鼠	氯胺酮联合右旋美托嘧啶	75/0.5 mg/kg	IP
小鼠	舒泰-50联合赛拉嗪	80/20 mg/kg	IP
大鼠	氯胺酮联合赛拉嗪	60/6 mg/kg	IP
大鼠	舒泰-50	40~50 mg/kg	IP，IM
兔	氯胺酮联合赛拉嗪	35/5 mg/kg	IM
兔	舒泰-50联合赛拉嗪	15/5 mg/kg	IM
猪	氯胺酮联合赛拉嗪	20/2 mg/kg	IM
猪	舒泰-50	6～8 mg/kg	IM
犬	丙泊酚	0.2 mg·kg^-1·min^-1	IV
犬	舒泰-50	7.5～25 mg/kg	IM
食蟹猴	氯胺酮	5～20 mg/kg	IM
食蟹猴	舒泰-50	2～5 mg/kg	IM

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