实验动物微生物、寄生虫学等级及监测标准的变化及与国外标准的比较

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2023年7月1日，新的国家标准GB 14922—2022《实验动物微生物、寄生虫学等级及监测》正式实施。本文是基于第十六届华东地区实验动物学术交流会上的报告演讲稿整理而成，内容主要是介绍和分析国家标准GB 14922—2022在修订前后的主要变化，同时将新的国家标准与国际上其他机构的实验动物质量控制标准或指南进行比较，并对我国实验动物设施运行主体在制定动物微生物质量监测方案时应该关注的重要问题做一简要讨论，以供同行交流与参考。

关键词: 国家标准, 微生物, 实验动物, 质量监测方案

Abstract:

The national standard, GB 14922-2022 on "Laboratory Animal Microbiological and Parasitical standards and monitoring " was implemented on July 1st, 2023. This article is compiled according to the speech of the 16^th East China Laboratory Annual meeting, explores and critically analyzes the developments made to the revised standard and examines how this framework compares with quality control programs of other established international institutions. The key aspects of establishing quality monitoring programs for animal-associated microorganisms in laboratory animal facilities are briefly discussed.

Key words: National standards, Microorganisms, Laboratory animals, Quality monitoring program

中图分类号:

Q95-33

郭连香. 实验动物微生物、寄生虫学等级及监测标准的变化及与国外标准的比较[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2023, 43(4): 339-346. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.088.

Lianxiang GUO. Revision of Standards for Microbiological and Parasitological Grades in Laboratory Animals and Its Comparison to Foreign Standards[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(4): 339-346. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.088.

图/表 2

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变化类别 Change category	监测项目（微生物和寄生虫） Monitoring items (microorganisms and parasites)	动物种属 Animal species or genera
删除 Cancel	兔脑原虫Encephalitozoon cuniculi	小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔
	小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia enterocolitica
	皮肤病原真菌Pathogenic dermal fungi
	念珠状链杆菌Streptobacillus moniliformis
	假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis	小鼠、大鼠
变更为“必要时检测” Changed to 'Test if necessary'	金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus	小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔
	鼠痘病毒Ectromelia virus	小鼠
	大鼠冠状病毒/涎泪腺炎病毒Rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus	大鼠
	猴痘病毒 Monkeypox virus	猴
增加 Addition	牛棒状杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 小鼠诺如病毒Mouse norovirus	免疫缺陷小鼠
名称变更 Name change	猴痘病毒的英文名称从Simian pox virus变为Monkeypox virus	猴
	卡氏肺孢子虫Pneumocystis carinii变更为肺孢子菌属Pneumocystis spp.	小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔
	大肠埃希菌O115 a,C,K（B）变更为啮齿柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter rodentium	小鼠、大鼠

变化类别 Change category	监测项目（微生物和寄生虫） Monitoring items (microorganisms and parasites)	动物种属 Animal species or genera
删除 Cancel	兔脑原虫Encephalitozoon cuniculi	小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔
	小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia enterocolitica
	皮肤病原真菌Pathogenic dermal fungi
	念珠状链杆菌Streptobacillus moniliformis
	假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis	小鼠、大鼠
变更为“必要时检测” Changed to 'Test if necessary'	金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus	小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔
	鼠痘病毒Ectromelia virus	小鼠
	大鼠冠状病毒/涎泪腺炎病毒Rat coronavirus/sialodacryoadenitis virus	大鼠
	猴痘病毒 Monkeypox virus	猴
增加 Addition	牛棒状杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 小鼠诺如病毒Mouse norovirus	免疫缺陷小鼠
名称变更 Name change	猴痘病毒的英文名称从Simian pox virus变为Monkeypox virus	猴
	卡氏肺孢子虫Pneumocystis carinii变更为肺孢子菌属Pneumocystis spp.	小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、仓鼠、兔
	大肠埃希菌O115 a,C,K（B）变更为啮齿柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter rodentium	小鼠、大鼠

病毒 Virus	国家标准^a National standards		FELASA^b	JAX^c	CRL^d
病毒 Virus	2022	2011	FELASA^b	JAX^c	CRL^d
鼠痘病毒 Ect.	○	●	○	●	○
小鼠肝炎病毒 MHV	●	●	●	●	●
仙台病毒 SV	●	●	○	●	○
小鼠肺炎病毒 PVM	●	●	○	●	○
呼肠孤病毒Ⅲ型 Reo-3	●	●	○	●	●
小鼠微小病毒 MVM	●	●	●	●	●
汉坦病毒 HV	○	○	◎	●	○
淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒 LCMV	○	○	○	●	●
小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒 TMEV(GDV Ⅱ)	○	○	●	●	●
小鼠腺病毒 MDA	取消	○	○	●	●
多瘤病毒 POLY	○	○	◎	●	○
小鼠轮状病毒 RRV			●	●	●
小鼠细小病毒1&2 MPV 1 & 2			●	●	●
小鼠诺如病毒 MNV	◎		●	●	●
小鼠胸腺病毒 MTV				●	●
K病毒 K virus				●
小鼠巨细胞病毒 MCMV			◎	●	○
小鼠肾细小病毒 MKPV				●	●
乳酸脱氢酶升高病毒 LDV			◎	●	●
星状病毒 Astrovirus					○

病毒 Virus	国家标准^a National standards		FELASA^b	JAX^c	CRL^d
病毒 Virus	2022	2011	FELASA^b	JAX^c	CRL^d
鼠痘病毒 Ect.	○	●	○	●	○
小鼠肝炎病毒 MHV	●	●	●	●	●
仙台病毒 SV	●	●	○	●	○
小鼠肺炎病毒 PVM	●	●	○	●	○
呼肠孤病毒Ⅲ型 Reo-3	●	●	○	●	●
小鼠微小病毒 MVM	●	●	●	●	●
汉坦病毒 HV	○	○	◎	●	○
淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒 LCMV	○	○	○	●	●
小鼠脑脊髓炎病毒 TMEV(GDV Ⅱ)	○	○	●	●	●
小鼠腺病毒 MDA	取消	○	○	●	●
多瘤病毒 POLY	○	○	◎	●	○
小鼠轮状病毒 RRV			●	●	●
小鼠细小病毒1&2 MPV 1 & 2			●	●	●
小鼠诺如病毒 MNV	◎		●	●	●
小鼠胸腺病毒 MTV				●	●
K病毒 K virus				●
小鼠巨细胞病毒 MCMV			◎	●	○
小鼠肾细小病毒 MKPV				●	●
乳酸脱氢酶升高病毒 LDV			◎	●	●
星状病毒 Astrovirus					○

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