清华大学实验动物中心小鼠自动饮水系统漏水情况统计分析

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.132

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的统计清华大学实验动物中心小鼠自动饮水系统漏水情况，评估自动饮水设备安全性，为动物设施自动饮水系统的选用和使用维护管理提供参考。方法本文以清华大学实验动物中心二期动物设施南、北两个屏障饲养区的小鼠自动饮水系统为研究对象，分别进行了为期3年、1年半的漏水情况监测记录。通过统计分析监测期内两个屏障饲养区漏水事件发生案例，将漏水原因分为人员误操作、动物行为、异物阻塞、配件变形4种，计算南、北区自动饮水系统因前述4种漏水原因造成的总日漏水率，以及因设备自身质量问题即异物阻塞和配件变形两种漏水原因造成的日漏水率，并进一步对漏水原因以及漏水给设施带来的影响进行分析讨论。同时，统计在监测期末，未使用自动饮水的一期设施和使用自动饮水系统的二期设施的动物饲养量和饲养人员数量，计算两种饲养模式下人均负责笼位数的差异。结果监测期内两个区域共发生漏水52起，总日漏水率为0.000 13%。其中，人员误操作导致的漏水有31起，约占漏水总发生量的60%，在加强培训、监督检查和有效提醒措施下，可降低人员误操作导致漏水的发生率；动物行为导致的漏水有2起；异物阻塞导致漏水0起；因设备质量原因导致的漏水有19起，日漏水率为0.000 07%。根据清华大学实验动物中心的运行数据统计，使用自动饮水系统的二期设施人均负责笼位数为908笼，而未使用自动饮水系统的一期设施人均负责笼位数为570笼，在使用自动饮水的条件下人均负责笼位数增加约59%。结论清华大学实验动物中心自动饮水系统日漏水率远低于设备理论设计值0.003%，进一步证明了自动饮水系统的安全性和有效性。同时，自动饮水系统的使用可以大幅提升饲养工作效率，除购入自动饮水系统需投入采购成本外，饲养用工成本将随着工作效率的提升而不断下降，从而降低设施整体运行成本。在现代化动物设施建设背景下，自动饮水系统将会成为动物设施设计和运行的重要考量因素之一。

关键词: 实验动物, 动物设施, 自动饮水, 漏水率, 小鼠

Abstract:

Objective To calculate the leakage rate of the automated watering system in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, to evaluate the safety of the system, and provide references for selection, maintenance, and management of automated watering systems in animal facilities. Methods This study investigated the automated watering system installed in South and North Barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center (Phase II). Water leakage monitoring was conducted over two periods, one over a period of 3 years and the other over 1.5 years. The occurrence of water leakage events at the two barriers during the monitoring period was statistically analyzed, classifying the causes into four categories: mishandling by personnel, animal behavior, obstruction by foreign objects, and deformation of fittings. The total daily leakage rate due to these causes and the daily leakage rate caused by quality issues, i.e. obstruction by foreign objects and deformation of fittings were calculated. Further analysis and discussion focused on the causes of water leakage and its impact on the facilities. At the same time, the number of caretakers at the end of the monitoring period in the Phase I facility without automated watering system and the Phase II facility with automated watering system were counted. Finally the difference in the number of cages per capita under the two watering systems was calculated. Results A total of 52 water leakage incidents occurred in both areas during the monitoring period, with a total daily leakage rate of 0.000 13%. Among them, 31 were caused by personnel mishandling, accounting for approximately 60% of total leakages. Enhanced training, supervision, inspection, and effective reminder measures could reduce leakage caused by personnel mishandling. There were 2 cases of water leakages caused by animal behavior, 0 leakage due to obstruction by foreign objects, and 19 leakages due to system quality issues, with a daily leakage rate of 0.000 07%. According to the operation data of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center, the average number of cages managed per person in facilities equipped with the automated watering system was 908, compared to 570 cages in facilities without the automated watering system. This represents an approximate 59% increase in the number of cages managed per person with the adoption of the automated watering system. Conclusion The daily leakage rate of the automated watering system in the Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center is significantly lower than the theoretical design rate of 0.003%, which demonstrates the system's safety and effectiveness. Additionally, the adoption of an automated watering system can signi?cantly enhance caretaking ef?ciency. While initial investments in the system are required, the subsequent increase in ef?ciency leads to a continuous decrease in labor costs, thereby reducing the total operational expenses of the facility. In the context of modernizing animal facility construction, automated watering systems are becoming an essential consideration in facility design and operation.

Key words: Laboratory animal, Animal facility, Automated watering system, Leaking rate, Mice

中图分类号:

R-332

唐倩倩, 张秀莉, 常在. 清华大学实验动物中心小鼠自动饮水系统漏水情况统计分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(1): 85-91.

Qianqian TANG, Xiuli ZHANG, Zai CHANG. Statistical Analysis of the Leakage Situation in the Automated Watering System for Mice in Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(1): 85-91.

图/表 6

图1 自动饮水系统的连接示意图

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the connection of the automated watering system

表1 清华大学实验动物中心南、北区屏障设施2020—2022年饮水阀漏水情况统计

Table 1 Statistics on the leakage of drinking water valves in the south and north barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center from 2020 to 2022

饮水阀漏水原因 Causes for Drinking Water Valve leakage	2020	2021		2022
饮水阀漏水原因 Causes for Drinking Water Valve leakage	南区 South barrier	南区 South barrier	北区 North barrier	南区 South barrier	北区 North barrier
1）人员误操作 Personnel mistake	14	9	2	5	1
2）动物行为 Animal behavior	1	1	0	0	0
3）异物阻塞 Obstruction	0	0	0	0	0
4）配件变形 Deformation	5	2	0	12	0
合计 Total	20	12	2	17	1

表2 清华大学实验动物中心南、北区屏障设施2020—2022年日漏水率计算

Table 2 Calculation of the daily leakage rate in south and north barriers of Tsinghua University Laboratory Animal Resources Center from 2020 to 2022

统计时间 Time	2020	2021		2022		平均日漏水率 Average daily leakage rate
统计时间 Time	南区 South barrier	南区 South barrier	北区 North barrier	南区 South barrier	北区 North barrier	平均日漏水率 Average daily leakage rate
日平均笼位数 Average number of cages per day	24 670	24 575	6 200	25 382	6 678	-
年度笼盒总数 Total number of cages per year	9 004 550	8 969 875	1 131 500	9 264 430	2 437 470	-
总故障饮水阀数（含漏水原因1～4） Total number of faulty drinking water valves (including causes 1-4)	20	12	2	17	1	-
总日漏水率/%（含漏水原因1～4） Total daily leakage rate /% (including causes 1-4)	0.000 2	0.000 13	0.000 02	0.000 18	0.000 04	0.000 13
质量问题造成的故障饮水阀数量（含漏水原因3、4） Number of malfunctioning drinking water valves due to quality issue (including causes 3, 4)	5	2	0	12	0	-
日漏水率/%（含漏水原因3、4） Daily leakage rate/% (including causes 3, 4)	0.000 06	0.000 02	0	0.000 13	0	0.000 07

图2 笼盒插反导致自动饮水阀漏水及自动饮水报警系统注：A，正确放置的笼具底盒；B和C，插反的笼具底盒；D自动饮水报警系统。

Figure 2 Leaking valve caused by cage being inserted backwards and automated watering alarm systemNote：A， Cage in correct placement；B and C, Cage inserted backwards; D, Automated watering alarm system.

图3 使用和未使用堵头的自动饮水阀注：A，未使用堵头的饮水阀；B，使用堵头的饮水阀。

Figure 3 Automatic drinking water valves with and without deprivation capNote：A， Automatic drinking water valves without deprivation cap； B， Automatic drinking water valves with deprivation cap.

图4 自动饮水阀隔膜注：A，正常隔膜；B和C，隔膜变形。

Figure 4 Automated drinking water valve diaphragmNote：A， Normal diaphragm； B and C， Diaphragm deformation

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