实验动物设施动物照度检测机构的能力评价

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的动物照度是实验动物设施中维持动物昼夜节律，保障动物福利的重要条件。通过公开报名的形式，组织参比实验室进行现场检测，对参比实验室检测数据的准确性做出评估，并对检测方法提出建议。方法本次能力验证活动的待测样品为中检院实验动物实验设施内相邻的两间豚鼠饲养间，动物照明灯使用稳压电源供电的COB灯（板载芯片灯，Chip On Board Light）作为光源，通过线性调节电压输出改变光源亮度。采用分割水平样品对的形式设定两个房间的动物照度，参比实验室参照GB 14925-2023《实验动物环境及设施》要求的方法进行检测。样品均匀性和稳定性满足CNAS-RL02：2023《能力验证规则》、CNAS-GL002：2018《能力验证统计处理与评价指南》和CNAS-GL003：2018《能力验证样品均匀性和稳定性评价指南》的要求。每个参比实验室被赋予了1个3位数随机代码，分别对每个饲养间进行2次测试，现场提交检测报告、原始记录和照度计检定或校准证书。能力验证的指定值为各参比实验室的中位值，采用稳健Z比分数法对各实验室检测结果进行评价，并从人员、设备、操作环境等方面对影响结果的因素进行了分析。结果本次能力验证共有35家参比实验室参与并完成现场检测和提交报告。34家实验室结果被评定为“满意”，1家实验室结果为“不满意”。结论通过分析发现部分参比实验室照度计计量位点数量及范围不足，检测结果未能充分反应设施照度的真实性。设施照度测试环境较昏暗，建议检使用具有无线探头和可存储功能的照度计提高检测效率。

关键词: 实验动物, 动物照度, 能力验证, 照度计, 独立通风笼

Abstract:

Objective Illuminance for animals is an important condition for maintaining circadian rhythms and safeguarding animal welfare in laboratory animal facilities. By means of open enrolment, the participating laboratories are organised to carry out on-site testing, to assess the accuracy of the testing data of the participating laboratories and to make suggestions on the testing methods. Methods The samples to be tested in this proficiency testing activity were two adjacent guinea pig rearing rooms in the laboratory animal experimental facilities. The animal lighting used COB lamps (Chip On Board Light) powered by regulated power supply as the light source, and the brightness of the light source was changed by linearly adjusting the voltage output. Split-level test sample pairs were used to set Illuminance for animals in both rooms, and the reference laboratory refers to the method required by GB 14925-2023 Laboratory Animals-Environment and Facilities for testing. Sample uniformity and stability meet the requirements of CNAS-RL02:2023 Proficiency Testing Rules, CNAS-GL002:2018 Guidelines for Statistical Treatment and Evaluation of Proficiency Testing Results, and CNAS-GL003:2018 Guidelines for Homogeneity and Stability Assessment of Proficiency Testing Samples. Each reference laboratory was assigned a 3-digit random code to conduct 2 tests for each rearing compartment respectively, and submit the test report, original records and the certificate of calibration or verification of the illuminometer on site. The assigned value for proficiency testing was the median value of each participating laboratory. The robust Z-score method was used to evaluate the test results of each laboratory, and the factors affecting the results were analysed in terms of personnel, equipment and operating environment. Results A total of 35 participating laboratories participated in the proficiency testing, completed the on-site testing and submitted the reports. 34 laboratories were rated as 'satisfactory' and 1 laboratory was rated as 'unsatisfactory'. Conclusion It was found that the number and range of illuminance measurement points of some participating laboratories were insufficient, and the test results failed to fully reflect the authenticity of the illuminance of the facilities. Illuminance for animal testing environment is dim, it is recommended to use illuminance meter with wireless probe and storage function to improve testing efficiency.

Key words: Laboratory animal, Illuminance for animal, Proficiency testing, Illuminance Meter, Individual Ventilated Cages

中图分类号:

Q95-33

刘巍,许中衎,侯丰田,等.实验动物设施动物照度检测机构的能力评价[J]. 实验动物与比较医学.. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.040.

LIU Wei,XU Zhongkan,HOU Fengtian,et al. Evaluation of Proficiency Testing Results of Illuminance for animal in Laboratory Animal Facilities[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.040.

图/表 6

表1 格拉布斯（Grubbs）检验结果

Table 1 Grubbs Test Results

项目 Item	房间1 Room 1	房间2 Room 1
实验室数量/家 Number of Laboratories	35	35
最大值/lx Maximum /lx	20.08	24.50
最小值/lx Minimum/lx	15.00	15.90
平均值/lx Average/lx	17.71	18.91
极值/lx Extreme Value/lx	15.00	24.50
标准差 Standard Deviation	1.03	1.89
G₃₅	-2.63	2.95
判定结果 Judgment Result	无离群值	无离群值

图1 动物照度结果分布图注：A、B分别代表房间1和房间2的动物照度检测数值的分布。横坐标代表动物照度（lx），纵坐标代表结果出现的频次。

Figure 1 Distribution chart of illuminance for animal frequency resultsNote：A and B represent the distribution of illuminance data for Room 1 and Room 2， respectively. The x-axis represents the illuminance data （lx）， and the y-axis represents the frequency of the data.

表3 35家参与实验室反馈结果汇总统计量

Table 3 The summary statistics of the illuminance data from the 35 laboratories

统计量

Statistics

参加实验室数/个

Number of laboratories

中位值/lx

Median/lx

平均值/lx

Mean/lx

NIQR

Normalized Interquartile Range

稳健CV/%

Robust CV/%

极差/lx

Range/lx

房间1

Room 1

房间2

Room 2

图2 35家实验室参与测试的ZB和ZW分数值注：A代表实验室间比分数（ZB）ZB 表示实验室间比分数，用于评估不同实验室之间的测量一致性；B代表实验室内比分数（ZW），ZW表示实验室内比分数，用于评估同一实验室内部测量结果的稳定性。数值从左往右，由小到大依次排列。

Figure 2 The ZB and ZW score values tested by 35 laboratoriesNote：A represents the inter-laboratory score （ZB）， where ZB stands for the inter-laboratory score used to evaluate the consistency of measurements among the 35 different laboratories； B represents the intra-laboratory score （ZW）， where ZW stands for the intra-laboratory score used to assess the stability of measurements within the same room subjected to be tested. The numerical values are arranged from left to right in ascending order.

图3 动物照度重复测定结果的偏差图注：A、B代表不同实验室分别对房间1和房间2的测定结果。X轴是实验室编号，Y轴是以参加实验室的2次检测结果（蓝色）及平均值（黄色）。

Figure 3 Deviation plot of illuminance for animal repeated measurement resultsNote：A and B represent the measurement results of Room 1 and Room 2 provided by the 35 different laboratories in site. The X-axis represents laboratory numbers， while the Y-axis displays the two test results （blue） and their average （yellow） obtained from participating laboratories.

图4 照度计计量位点数量注：横坐标为计量过程中测试位点数量，纵坐标为计量证书数量。

Figure 4 Number of illuminance meter calibration pointsNote：The X-axis represents the quantity of test points during calibration， and the Y-axis indicates the number of calibration certificates.

参考文献 18

1	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 实验动物　环境及设施: [S]. 中国标准出版社, 2023.
	Standardization Administration Of China State Administration For Market Regulation. Laboratory animal——Environment and housing facilities: [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2023.
2	孙艳艳, 林燕燕, 孙雯, 等. 光照对雌性幼鼠下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴发育的影响[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2024, 44(4): 463-468. DOI: 10.7661/j.cjim.20240108.220 .
	SUN Y Y, LING Y Y, SUN W, et al. Effect of Light on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Young Female Golden Hamster[J]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicin, 2024, 44(4):463-468. DOI: 10.7661/j.cjim.20240108.220 .
3	吴宪文, 陈烨, 徐国恒. 光照对大小鼠繁育性能影响的研究进展[J]. 实验动物科学, 2023, 40(4): 83-88. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2023.04.016 .
	WU X W, CHEN Y, XU G H. Research Progress on Effects of Light on Reproductive Performance of Rats and Mice[J]. Laboratory Animal Science, 2023, 40(4): 83-88. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2023.04.016 .
4	杜文豪, 高富敏, 李小龙, 等. 持续光照和熬夜对雌性生殖功能的影响[J]. 国际生殖健康/计划生育杂志, 2023, 42(3):245-249. DOI:10.12280/gjszjk.20230010 .
	DU W H, GAO F M, LI X L, et al. Effects of continuous light and staying up late on female reproductive function[J]. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 2023, 42(3):245-249. DOI:10.12280/gjszjk.20230010 .
5	李丛艳, 李钰莹, 郑洁, 等. 光照强度对四川白兔同期发情和繁殖性能的影响[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2022, 54(8):40-44.
	LI C Y, LI Y Y, ZHENG J, et al. Effect of light intensity on estrus synchronization and reproduction performance of Sichuan white rabbit[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 54(8):40-44.
6	程伶俐. 不同光照对皮质酮注射联合慢性束缚抑郁模型小鼠的影响及其机制研究[D]. 广州: 广州医科大学, 2023. DOI: 10.27043/d.cnki.ggzyc.2023.000267 .
	CHENG L L. Effects of different light parameter on CorticosteroneChronic Restraint Stress depression model mice and its mechanism[D]. GUANGZHOU: Guangzhou Medical University, 2023. DOI:10.27043/d.cnki.ggzyc.2023.000267 .
7	宋亚玲, 边专. 生物节律在牙体硬组织发育中的作用[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2023, 58(1):11-16. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220930-00514 .
	SONG Y L, ZHUAN B. Effects of circadian rhythm on the development of dental hard tissues[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatology, 2023, 58(1):11-16. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220930-00514 .
8	陈莉莉. 生物节律调控口腔颌面组织生理活动及其相关疾病进程的研究进展[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2022, 57(5):481-489. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220228-00082 .
	CHEN L L. Advances in circadian rhythms in oral maxillofacial tissues and oral-related diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Stomatology, 2022, 57(5):481-489. DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220228-00082 .
9	张凯雪, 方文卿, 陈娟, 等. 约束视距下照度诱导近视动物模型的研究[J]. 眼科, 2023, 32(4):294-298. DOI:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.005 .
	ZHANG K X, FANG W Q, CHEN J, et al. Study of myopic animal model induced by illuminance under constrained visual range[J]. Ophthalmology in China, 2023, 32(4):294-298. DOI:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2023.04.005 .
10	刘嘉昊, 王金兴, 胡俊杰, 等. 罗汉果甜苷V对持续光照小鼠脂肪积累的缓解作用[J]. 南方农业学报, 2022, 53(9):2624-2633. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2022.09.025 .
	LIU J H, WANG J X, HU J J,et al. Mogroside V attenuated constant light exposure-induced accumulation of body fat mass in mice[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2022, 53(9):2624-2633. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2022.09.025 .
11	HAWKINSHDR GOLLEDGE P..The 9 to 5 Rodent - Time for Change? Scientific and animal welfare implications of circadian and light effects on laboratory mice and rats[J]. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS, 2018, 300(20-25). DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.05.014 .
12	National Research Council.Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition[M].Washington, DC,The National Academies Press, 2011.
13	環境省自然環境局総務課動物愛護管理室. 実験動物の飼養及び保管並びに苦痛の軽減に関する基準の解説[EB/OL].(2017-10)[2025-02-15]. .
14	On guidelines for the accommodation and care of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes [S/OL]. (2007-06-18) 2025-02-01]. .
15	刘巍, 张心妍, 侯丰田, 等. 实验动物设施换气次数检测能力验证结果评价[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 1(45):87-95. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.101 .
	LIU W, ZHANG X Y, HOU F T, et al. Evaluation of the proficiency testing results of the air change rate testing capacity for laboratory animal facility[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2025, 1(45):87-95. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.101 .
16	住房和城乡建设部,国家市场监督管理总局. 建筑照明设计标准: [S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2024.
	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, State Administration for Market Regulation, Standard for lighting design of buildings: [S].Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2024.
17	中国合格评定国家认可委员会. 实验室认可规则: CNAS—RL01 [S/OL]. (2019-12-30)[2025-02-15]. .
	China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment. Rules for the Accreditation of Laboratories: CNAS-RL01 [S/OL]. (2019-12-30)[2025-02-15]. .
18	中国合格评定国家认可委员会. 检测和校准实验室能力认可准则:CNAS-CL01:2018 [S/OL]. (2019-02-20)[2025-02-15] .
	China National Accreditation Service Assessment. Accreditation criteria for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories:CNAS-CL01:2018 [S/OL]. (2019-02-20)[2025-02-15].

[1]	张倩, 邓青秀, 蔡林. 国内普通高校实验动物从业人员职业健康风险防控概述[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(2): 206-213.
[2]	许超, 孙秋芳, 邵奇鸣. 实验动物机构职业健康档案建立内容及要点[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(2): 214-220.
[3]	蔡梦诗, 苏醒, 邵奇鸣. 实验动物机构建设项目职业健康防护设施“三同时”的实施要求[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(2): 221-228.
[4]	邵奇鸣, 卞勇, 施爱民. 实验动物机构职业健康安全管理体系建设要点[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(2): 188-196.
[5]	肖文娴, 吕龙宝. 非人灵长类实验动物用于人类卵巢衰老研究进展[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(1): 47-54.
[6]	侯冬霞, 铁祚庥, 陆勇, 南盼盼, 鲍洁. 实验动物屏障环境设施安全准入体系建设的探索与实践——以南京大学仙林校区为例[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(1): 96-100.
[7]	刘巍, 张心妍, 侯丰田, 许中衎, 马丽颖. 实验动物设施换气次数检测能力验证结果评价[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(1): 87-95.
[8]	刘丽达, 陈兵, 谢娜, 刘丽, 庄思琪, 邹弈星. 2017—2023年四川省实验动物寄生虫和微生物质量抽检报告分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(6): 654-660.
[9]	刘意抒, 蔡丽萍. 实验猪在达芬奇手术机器人培训中的应用进展及挑战[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(6): 667-674.
[10]	赵丽娟, 肖春兰, 盛雅洁, 鲁希, 周正宇. 风雨五十载，奋斗半世纪——记苏州市实验动物产业发展五十年[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(6): 645-653.
[11]	杜小燕, 刘云波. 中国实验动物资源鉴定与评价工作进展分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(5): 469-474.
[12]	朱婵, 张栋梁, 赵德莉, 石雪琴, 千磊, 张玄, 金艳, 段伟, 戚若晨, 刘超华, 杨薛康, 韩军涛, 潘登科. 基因编辑猪-猴异种组织器官移植围手术期动物护理[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(5): 495-501.
[13]	陈兵, 邹弈星, 王敬东. 基于行政许可的四川省实验动物管理现状与对策分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(5): 560-566.
[14]	赵勇. 动物实验伦理的三个维度：基于生命价值、动物福利和风险防范的阐析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(4): 445-454.
[15]	邓少嫦, 林丹荣, 梁楚军, 雷伟侨, 杨锦淳, 赵维波. 《广东省实验动物管理条例》制度特点及近十年实施情况分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(4): 455-462.