实验动物机构职业健康安全管理体系建设要点

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.123

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

职业健康安全管理体系作为现代企业管理制度之一，越来越受到人们的重视。近年来，职业健康安全管理体系在各个领域不断完善和发展，逐渐成为企业竞争力的重要指标。目前，国际实验动物评估和认可委员会（Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International，简称AAALAC International）和中国合格评定国家认可委员会（China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment，CNAS）均对实验动物相关的职业健康管理提出了要求。而在国内实验动物行业，由于各机构对职业健康相关的法律法规不够熟悉，缺乏经验丰富的管理人员，实验动物机构的职业健康安全管理体系发展相对滞后，尚处于发展初期。本文通过总结作者在实验动物机构建立职业健康安全管理体系的实践经验，首先介绍了国内外有关实验动物的职业健康安全法律法规、我国实验动物机构常见职业病及其危害因素，然后从建立职业健康安全管理制度、开展职业健康安全培训、从业人员职业健康检查、职业病危害因素现场检测、落实建设项目职业病防护设施“三同时”制度、建立及维护职业健康档案、建立职业危害告知管理制度、建立职业病危害事故应急救援预案等方面指出实验动物机构进行职业健康安全管理体系建设的要点，以供行业内作参考。

关键词: 职业健康安全管理体系, 法律法规, 实验动物机构

Abstract:

As one of the modern enterprise management systems, the Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) has garnered increasing attention. The OHSMS has undergone continuous refinement and expansion across various fields, emerging as a pivotal indicator of enterprise competitiveness. Currently, both the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) International and the China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) require for establishing occupational health management related to laboratory animal work. However, within the domestic laboratory animal industry, development of OHSMS is relatively lagging behind due to unfamiliarity with laws and regulations and a lack of experienced management personnel. Consequently, the OHSMS in laboratory animal institutions is still in its early stage. Drawing on the authors' practical experience in establishing OHSMS in laboratory animal institutions, this article first outlines domestic and international occupational health laws, regulations, and safety management systems for laboratory animals, as well as common occupational diseases and their associated risk factors in China. Subsequently, this article highlights key elements for the construction of OHSMS in laboratory animal institutions in areas such as establishing occupational health and safety regulations, conducting training, performing occupational health examinations for staff, monitoring on-site occupational hazard factors, implementing the "three simultaneous" system for occupational disease prevention facilities in construction projects, creating and maintaining occupational health records, developing a notification management system for occupational hazards, and formulating emergency response plans for occupational disease hazard accidents. These points are intended as a reference for professionals in the industry.

Key words: Occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS), Laws and regulations, Laboratory animal institutions

中图分类号:

R136

邵奇鸣,卞勇,施爱民. 实验动物机构职业健康安全管理体系建设要点[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(2): 188-196. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.123.

SHAO Qiming,BIAN Yong,SHI Aimin. Key Points for Establishing Occupational Health and Safety Management System in Laboratory Animal Institutions[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2025, 45(2): 188-196. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.123.

图/表 5

参考文献 27

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部门 Department	工种/岗位 Job/ position	职业病危害因素 Occupational hazard
供试品部 Dep. of test article	供试品配置员、分析人员	甲醇、氢氧化钠、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、氰及腈类化合物（乙腈）、盐酸、三氟乙酸、磷酸、二甲苯、二甲基亚砜、氢氧化钾、三氟乙酸甲酯、异丙醇、磷酸、四氢呋喃、氨等
病理部 Dep. of pathology	实验技术人员	甲醛、多聚甲醛、氢氧化钠、乙酸、乙醇、二甲苯、盐酸、甲酸、过氧化氢、丙酮、碳酸钠、石蜡、二氨基联苯胺、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚等
遗传毒性实验室 Genotoxicity lab	实验技术人员	二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、过氧化氢、二氨基联苯胺、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚等
分析实验室 Analytical lab	实验技术人员	乙酸、盐酸、氨基联苯胺、异丙醇、丙酮、三氯甲烷、甲醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等
清洗间 Cleaning room	清洗人员	氨、噪声、癸甲溴铵、次氯酸钠、次氯酸、乙醇、苯扎溴铵、过氧化氢、盐酸等
解剖间 Anatomy room	实验技术人员	甲醛、乙酸、乙醇等
热力站 Heating substation	锅炉操作人员	噪声、高温等
污水处理站 Wastewater treatment station	操作人员	氢氧化钠、聚合氯化铝等

部门 Department	工种/岗位 Job/ position	职业病危害因素 Occupational hazard
供试品部 Dep. of test article	供试品配置员、分析人员	甲醇、氢氧化钠、甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、氰及腈类化合物（乙腈）、盐酸、三氟乙酸、磷酸、二甲苯、二甲基亚砜、氢氧化钾、三氟乙酸甲酯、异丙醇、磷酸、四氢呋喃、氨等
病理部 Dep. of pathology	实验技术人员	甲醛、多聚甲醛、氢氧化钠、乙酸、乙醇、二甲苯、盐酸、甲酸、过氧化氢、丙酮、碳酸钠、石蜡、二氨基联苯胺、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚等
遗传毒性实验室 Genotoxicity lab	实验技术人员	二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、过氧化氢、二氨基联苯胺、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚等
分析实验室 Analytical lab	实验技术人员	乙酸、盐酸、氨基联苯胺、异丙醇、丙酮、三氯甲烷、甲醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷等
清洗间 Cleaning room	清洗人员	氨、噪声、癸甲溴铵、次氯酸钠、次氯酸、乙醇、苯扎溴铵、过氧化氢、盐酸等
解剖间 Anatomy room	实验技术人员	甲醛、乙酸、乙醇等
热力站 Heating substation	锅炉操作人员	噪声、高温等
污水处理站 Wastewater treatment station	操作人员	氢氧化钠、聚合氯化铝等

被培训人 Trainee	培训类别 Training category	培训内容 Training content	培训时间 /h Training time/h	考试、获证 Testing/ certificate
主要负责人 Responsible person	首次培训	我国职业健康形势，职业健康法律法规，职业健康管理知识，职业健康相关工作介绍及案例分析等	16	外部，考试获证
主要负责人 Responsible person	继续培训	职业健康相关法律法规、规章，职业病危害事故应急救援，优秀案例分析，常见职业病防治违法违规案例分析，职业病传染病预防控制措施等	8	外部，考试获证
职业健康管理人员 Occupational health manager	首次培训	职业健康相关法律法规、规章及主要职业健康标准，职业病危害因素及其防护措施，个体防护装备，职业病防护设施“三同时”职业病申报，警示和告知，职业健康档案管理等	16	外部，考试获证
职业健康管理人员 Occupational health manager	继续培训	职业健康法律法规，应急救援，工作相关疾病预防控制案例分析等	8	外部，考试获证
从业人员 Employee	岗前培训	本机构的职业健康管理制度和操作规程等	8	内部，考试
从业人员 Employee	岗中培训	按照机构实际情况定制	4	内部，考试

被培训人 Trainee	培训类别 Training category	培训内容 Training content	培训时间 /h Training time/h	考试、获证 Testing/ certificate
主要负责人 Responsible person	首次培训	我国职业健康形势，职业健康法律法规，职业健康管理知识，职业健康相关工作介绍及案例分析等	16	外部，考试获证
主要负责人 Responsible person	继续培训	职业健康相关法律法规、规章，职业病危害事故应急救援，优秀案例分析，常见职业病防治违法违规案例分析，职业病传染病预防控制措施等	8	外部，考试获证
职业健康管理人员 Occupational health manager	首次培训	职业健康相关法律法规、规章及主要职业健康标准，职业病危害因素及其防护措施，个体防护装备，职业病防护设施“三同时”职业病申报，警示和告知，职业健康档案管理等	16	外部，考试获证
职业健康管理人员 Occupational health manager	继续培训	职业健康法律法规，应急救援，工作相关疾病预防控制案例分析等	8	外部，考试获证
从业人员 Employee	岗前培训	本机构的职业健康管理制度和操作规程等	8	内部，考试
从业人员 Employee	岗中培训	按照机构实际情况定制	4	内部，考试

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