暖通系统暂停送风下实验动物设施氨浓度的动态监测与分析

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的监测空调系统停止送风前、停止送风期间和恢复送风后，实验动物设施环境中氨浓度的实时变化，为制定空调系统停机应急预案提供依据和参考。方法以武汉生物制品研究所实验动物室实验动物设施为研究对象，在设施空调系统由于检修等被动停机和维保主动停机时，使用氨浓度检测仪监测普通级兔生产设施、SPF级仓鼠生产设施、SPF级豚鼠实验设施的空调系统停机前后设施环境中的氨浓度，以及恢复送风后氨浓度恢复至日常水平的时间。结果空调系统在2种停机模式下，不同实验动物设施环境中的氨浓度变化趋势一致，表现为停机后快速上升，恢复送风后快速下降。在维保主动停机的情况下，普通级兔生产设施、SPF级仓鼠生产设施、SPF级豚鼠实验设施中氨浓度最高值分别为9.81 mg/m3、14.27 mg/m3、6.98 mg/m3；恢复送风后12 min内，氨浓度均可降至日常水平。在检修等被动长时间停机的情况下，氨浓度数值与停止送风时长成正相关，随着停机时间的延长氨浓度不断升高，3个设施中氨浓度最高值分别出现在停风后88 min为38.06 mg/m3、停风后40 min为18.43 mg/m3、停风后34 min为15.61 mg/m3；恢复送风后11 min内，氨浓度可降至日常水平。结论空调系统停机会导致实验动物设施氨浓度快速上升，氨浓度的上升程度与停止送风时长成正相关。因此，在由于维修等原因需要进行空调系统应急停机时，应按照GB 50447—2008《实验动物设施建筑技术规范》要求，设置备用风机。对于老旧设施，相关人员需提前做好全面准备，并制定科学合理的应急预案。

关键词: 氨浓度, 实验动物设施, 空调系统停止送风, 停止送风时长

Abstract:

Objective To monitor the real-time changes in ammonia concentration in the laboratory animal facility environment before, during, and after the air conditioning system stops supplying air, so as to provide a basis and reference for developing emergency plans for the shutdown of the air conditioning system. Methods The laboratory animal facilities of the Wuhan Institute of Biological Products were used as the research object. Ammonia concentration detectors were used to monitor ammonia concentration continuously in the environment of conventional rabbit production facility, SPF hamster production facility, and SPF guinea pig experimental facility before and after the passive shutdown due to repairs and active maintenance shutdown of the air conditioning system, as well as the time for the ammonia concentration to return to daily levels after resuming air supply. Results Under both shutdown modes of the air conditioning system, the trend of ammonia concentration changes in different laboratory animal facilities was consistent, showing a rapid increase after shutdown and a rapid decrease after resuming air supply. Under active maintenance shutdown, the maximum ammonia concentrations in the conventional rabbit production facilities, SPF hamster production facilities, and SPF guinea pig experimental facilities were 9.81 mg/m3, 14.27 mg/m3, and 6.98 mg/m3, respectively. Within 12 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. Under passive long-term shutdown, ammonia concentration value was positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. As the shutdown duration increased, ammonia concentration continued to increase. The maximum ammonia concentration values in the three facilities occurred at 88 minutes (38.06 mg/m3), 40 minutes (18.43 mg/m3), and 34 minutes (15.61 mg/m3) after air supply suspension, respectively.Within 11 minutes after resuming air supply, ammonia concentration could return to normal daily levels. Conclusions Shutdown of the air conditioning system causes a rapid increase in ammonia concentration in laboratory animal facilities, and the rise in ammonia concentration is positively correlated with the duration of air supply suspension. Therefore, when an emergency shutdown of the air-conditioning system is required due to maintenance or other reasons, backup fans should be provided in accordance with the requirements of GB 50447-2008 "Architectural and Technical Code for Laboratory Animal Facilities". Older facilities should make adequate preparations and develop a scientifically sound emergency plan.

Key words: Ammonia concentration, Laboratory animal facility, Air conditioning system shutdown, Duration of air supply shutdown

中图分类号:

Q95-33

焦青贞,吴桂华,唐雯,等.暖通系统暂停送风下实验动物设施氨浓度的动态监测与分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学.. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.130.

JIAO Qingzhen,WU Guihua,TANG Wen,et al. Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Ammonia Concentration in Laboratory Animal Facilities Under Suspension of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning System[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.130.

图/表 2

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时间轴/min Time axis/min	普通级兔生产设施的氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration in conventional rabbit production facility/(mg·m^-3)			SPF级仓鼠生产设施的氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration in SPF hamster production facility/(mg·m^-3)			SPF级豚鼠实验设施的氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration in SPF guinea pig experimental facility/(mg·m^-3)			氨浓度的标准上限/(mg·m^-3) Standard upper limit of ammonia concentration/(mg·m^-3)
时间轴/min Time axis/min	第1次 First time	第2次 Second time	第3次 Third time	第1次 First time	第2次 Second time	第3次 Third time	第1次 First time	第2次 Second time	第3次 Third time
0	0.81	1.73	3.33^△	2.71	1.79	—	0.97	1.11	1.62	14
6	2.25^△	4.32^△	3.69	3.61^△	5.63^△	4.91^△	1.04	1.07	4.43^△	14
12	4.57	7.72	5.48	7.68	10.92	8.81	1.04	1.00	4.73	14
18	8.04	7.78	5.89	10.85	7.72	10.76	1.64^△	2.67^△	1.21^▽	14
24	9.81	0.05^▽	4.17^▽	14.27	2.85^▽	8.86^▽	3.98	6.98	0.82	14
30	3.16^▽	0	3.51	13.41	1.92	2.00	1.58^▽	3.69^▽	1.12	14
36	0.44	—	3.10	3.04^▽	1.95	1.22	1.05	1.02	1.08	14

时间轴/min Time axis/min	普通级兔生产设施的氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration in conventional rabbit production facility/(mg·m^-3)			SPF级仓鼠生产设施的氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration in SPF hamster production facility/(mg·m^-3)			SPF级豚鼠实验设施的氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration in SPF guinea pig experimental facility/(mg·m^-3)			氨浓度的标准上限/(mg·m^-3) Standard upper limit of ammonia concentration/(mg·m^-3)
时间轴/min Time axis/min	第1次 First time	第2次 Second time	第3次 Third time	第1次 First time	第2次 Second time	第3次 Third time	第1次 First time	第2次 Second time	第3次 Third time
0	0.81	1.73	3.33^△	2.71	1.79	—	0.97	1.11	1.62	14
6	2.25^△	4.32^△	3.69	3.61^△	5.63^△	4.91^△	1.04	1.07	4.43^△	14
12	4.57	7.72	5.48	7.68	10.92	8.81	1.04	1.00	4.73	14
18	8.04	7.78	5.89	10.85	7.72	10.76	1.64^△	2.67^△	1.21^▽	14
24	9.81	0.05^▽	4.17^▽	14.27	2.85^▽	8.86^▽	3.98	6.98	0.82	14
30	3.16^▽	0	3.51	13.41	1.92	2.00	1.58^▽	3.69^▽	1.12	14
36	0.44	—	3.10	3.04^▽	1.95	1.22	1.05	1.02	1.08	14

时间轴/min Time axis/min	氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration/(mg·m^-3)
时间轴/min Time axis/min	SPF级仓鼠生产设施 SPF hamster production facility	SPF级豚鼠实验设施 SPF guinea pig experimental facility	普通级兔生产设施 Conventional rabbit production facility	标准上限 Standard upper limit
停风前2 min 2 min before air supply stops	—	—	1.81	14
停风后4 min 4 min after air supply stops	2.15	—	2.14	14
停风后10 min 10 min after air supply stops	4.83	3.73	4.14	14
停风后16 min 16 min after air supply stops	8.55	8.23	8.07	14
停风后22 min 22 min after air supply stops	11.35	10.59	11.94	14
停风后28 min 28 min after air supply stops	13.70	14.05	16.04	14
停风后34 min 34 min after air supply stops	15.61	16.52	19.42	14
停风后40 min 40 min after air supply stops	—	18.43	22.97	14
停风后46 min 46 min after air supply stops	—	—	25.98	14
停风后52 min 52 min after air supply stops	—	—	28.88	14
停风后58 min 58 min after air supply stops	—	—	31.75	14
停风后64 min 64 min after air supply stops	—	—	33.93	14
停风后70 min 70 min after air supply stops	—	—	35.00	14
停风后76 min 76 min after air supply stops	—	—	36.22	14
停风后82 min 82 min after air supply stops	—	—	36.92	14
停风后88 min 88 min after air supply stops	—	—	38.06	14
送风后5 min 5 min after air supply resumes	5.56	10.61	7.27	14
送风后11 min 11 min after air supply resumes	2.01	0.98	0	14

时间轴/min Time axis/min	氨浓度/(mg·m^-3) Ammonia concentration/(mg·m^-3)
时间轴/min Time axis/min	SPF级仓鼠生产设施 SPF hamster production facility	SPF级豚鼠实验设施 SPF guinea pig experimental facility	普通级兔生产设施 Conventional rabbit production facility	标准上限 Standard upper limit
停风前2 min 2 min before air supply stops	—	—	1.81	14
停风后4 min 4 min after air supply stops	2.15	—	2.14	14
停风后10 min 10 min after air supply stops	4.83	3.73	4.14	14
停风后16 min 16 min after air supply stops	8.55	8.23	8.07	14
停风后22 min 22 min after air supply stops	11.35	10.59	11.94	14
停风后28 min 28 min after air supply stops	13.70	14.05	16.04	14
停风后34 min 34 min after air supply stops	15.61	16.52	19.42	14
停风后40 min 40 min after air supply stops	—	18.43	22.97	14
停风后46 min 46 min after air supply stops	—	—	25.98	14
停风后52 min 52 min after air supply stops	—	—	28.88	14
停风后58 min 58 min after air supply stops	—	—	31.75	14
停风后64 min 64 min after air supply stops	—	—	33.93	14
停风后70 min 70 min after air supply stops	—	—	35.00	14
停风后76 min 76 min after air supply stops	—	—	36.22	14
停风后82 min 82 min after air supply stops	—	—	36.92	14
停风后88 min 88 min after air supply stops	—	—	38.06	14
送风后5 min 5 min after air supply resumes	5.56	10.61	7.27	14
送风后11 min 11 min after air supply resumes	2.01	0.98	0	14

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