长骨骨折动物模型的研究进展

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.183

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 289-296.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.183

长骨骨折动物模型的研究进展

姚广源, 董平()(), 吴昊, 柏梅, 党嬴, 王悦, 胡凯

内蒙古医科大学中医学院, 呼和浩特 010110

收稿日期:2023-12-18 修回日期:2024-04-10 出版日期:2024-07-06 发布日期:2024-06-25
通讯作者: 董平（1983—），男，博士，副教授，硕士生导师。研究方向：中医药防治骨关节疾病机制研究。E-mail：20120009@immu.edu.cn。ORCID：0009-0004-9770-6161
作者简介:姚广源（1998—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：中医药防治骨关节疾病机制研究。E-mail：823275038@qq.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目“基于TGF-β/BMPs信号通路探讨李氏接骨散对家兔骨折愈合的影响”(NJZY20135);内蒙古医科大学科技创新团队计划“骨与关节疾病中医药防治科技创新团队”(YKD2022TD033);内蒙古自治区直属高校研究生卓越人才项目计划“基于TGF-β/Smad信号通路探讨李氏接骨散对大鼠骨折愈合的影响”(YKD2023ZY001)

Research Progress on Animal Models of Long Bone Fractures

Guangyuan YAO, Ping DONG()(), Hao WU, Mei BAI, Ying DANG, Yue WANG, Kai HU

School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot 010110, China

Received:2023-12-18 Revised:2024-04-10 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-07-06
Contact: DONG Ping (ORCID: 0009-0004-9770-6161), E-mail: 20120009@immu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

创伤性骨折及应力性骨折为骨科常见疾病，其愈合过程中的骨转换、骨修复以及促进骨折愈合的相关研究具有广泛的发展前景。基础医学实验常选用动物四肢长骨骨折模型来研究各种干预措施对骨折愈合的作用机制，而骨折愈合是一个受到多因素影响，并涉及多分子、多通路的复杂过程。因此，为了更深入地探究其作用机制、加速成果转化和提高临床疗效，在实验研究中选择适宜的动物骨折模型制造方法显得尤为重要。基于此，本文对实验研究中常用作长骨骨折模型的动物种类和造模方法进行文献综述，归纳出骨缺损法、物理撞击法、力学弯折法、开放截骨法和钻孔法等5种方法，并对其优缺点及适用范围进行横向对比，旨在为骨折愈合干预机制研究提供适宜的骨折模型参考。

关键词: 动物模型, 骨折愈合, 长骨

Abstract:

Traumatic fractures and stress fractures are common orthopedic diseases, and there is great potential in researching bone turnover, repair, and promotion of fracture healing. Basic medical experiments often use animal models of long bone fractures in limbs to study the mechanisms of various interventions on fracture healing. Fracture healing is a complex process influenced by multiple factors and involves multiple molecules and pathways. Therefore, to explore the mechanisms more deeply, accelerate the translation of results, and improve the clinical efficacy, it is particularly important to choose the appropriate animal fracture modeling methods in experimental research. Based on this, this paper conducts a literature review of animal species and modeling methods commonly used for long bone fracture models in experimental research. It summarizes five methods: bone defect method, physical impact method, mechanical bending method, open osteotomy method, and drilling method. A side-by-side comparison of their advantages, disadvantages, and scope of application is made, aiming to provide suitable fracture models for studying the mechanisms of fracture healing interventions.

Key words: Experimental animal model, Fracture healing, Long bone

中图分类号:

R-332

姚广源,董平,吴昊,等. 长骨骨折动物模型的研究进展[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(3): 289-296. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.183.

Guangyuan YAO,Ping DONG,Hao WU,et al. Research Progress on Animal Models of Long Bone Fractures[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 289-296. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.183.

图/表 1

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方法 Methods	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages	使用范围 Range of application	参考文献 References
骨缺损法 Bone defect method	过程直观，控量精准，无需固定，成模稳定，成模率高，骨痂量大	难度大，易感染，忽略了软骨内成骨，与临床和传统骨折病机有差别	骨折中晚期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量有一定需求的研究；内服药物干预类研究；填充式药物和组织工程治疗研究	[27-28, 38-40]
物理撞击法 Physical impact method	操作简便，损伤较小，切合临床骨折致病机制	可控性差（易形成粉碎性骨折和骨折位移），成模率低	骨折早中期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量需求不高的研究；经皮接触类研究	[29-31, 41-42]
力学弯折法 Mechanical bending method	操作简便，参数可控，适用性广，损伤较小	难度大，可控性差（易形成粉碎性骨折和骨折位移）	骨折早中期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量需求不高的研究	[32-33, 3, 43]
开放截骨法 Open osteotomy method	过程直观，成模稳定，成模率高，骨痂量大，可控性强（切面光整）	难度大，易感染，损伤强，难愈合	骨折中晚期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量有一定需求的研究；内服药物干预类研究	[34-35, 44-46]
钻孔法 Drill method	过程直观，成模稳定，成模率高，损伤较小	难度大，易感染，骨痂量少	骨折中晚期愈合机制研究；骨折愈合的代谢活动研究；骨愈合药物的临床前安全性研究	[36, 5, 47-49]

方法 Methods	优点 Advantages	缺点 Disadvantages	使用范围 Range of application	参考文献 References
骨缺损法 Bone defect method	过程直观，控量精准，无需固定，成模稳定，成模率高，骨痂量大	难度大，易感染，忽略了软骨内成骨，与临床和传统骨折病机有差别	骨折中晚期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量有一定需求的研究；内服药物干预类研究；填充式药物和组织工程治疗研究	[27-28, 38-40]
物理撞击法 Physical impact method	操作简便，损伤较小，切合临床骨折致病机制	可控性差（易形成粉碎性骨折和骨折位移），成模率低	骨折早中期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量需求不高的研究；经皮接触类研究	[29-31, 41-42]
力学弯折法 Mechanical bending method	操作简便，参数可控，适用性广，损伤较小	难度大，可控性差（易形成粉碎性骨折和骨折位移）	骨折早中期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量需求不高的研究	[32-33, 3, 43]
开放截骨法 Open osteotomy method	过程直观，成模稳定，成模率高，骨痂量大，可控性强（切面光整）	难度大，易感染，损伤强，难愈合	骨折中晚期愈合机制研究；对骨痂量有一定需求的研究；内服药物干预类研究	[34-35, 44-46]
钻孔法 Drill method	过程直观，成模稳定，成模率高，损伤较小	难度大，易感染，骨痂量少	骨折中晚期愈合机制研究；骨折愈合的代谢活动研究；骨愈合药物的临床前安全性研究	[36, 5, 47-49]

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长骨骨折动物模型的研究进展

Research Progress on Animal Models of Long Bone Fractures

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