1 470 nm半导体激光对离体动物组织的汽化消融、切割和凝固作用

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.161

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 279-288.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.161

1 470 nm半导体激光对离体动物组织的汽化消融、切割和凝固作用

郑国¹, 潘永明²^,³, 黄俊杰²^,³, 张辉¹, 郁晨³, 陈民利²^,³, 徐庆丰¹, 黄恒¹()()

^1.合肥大族科瑞达激光设备有限公司, 合肥 230088
^2.浙江中医药大学动物实验研究中心/比较医学研究所, 杭州 310053
^3.杭州利孚泰生物科技有限公司, 杭州 310051

收稿日期:2023-11-20 修回日期:2024-02-08 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-06-25
通讯作者: 黄恒（1964—），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向：激光医学领域应用。E-mail： hansmd@163.com。ORCID： 0009-0007-8264-6911
作者简介:郑国（1987—），男，本科，工程师，研究方向：激光医学领域应用。E-mail： zheo339@163.com

Effects of 1 470 nm Semiconductor Laser on Vaporization Ablation, Cutting, and Coagulation in Ex Vivo Animal Tissue

Guo ZHENG¹, Yongming PAN²^,³, Junjie HUANG²^,³, Hui ZHANG¹, Chen YU³, Minli CHEN²^,³, Qingfeng XU¹, Heng HUANG¹()()

^1.Hefei Dazhu Curestar Laser Equipment Co. , Ltd. , Hefei 230088, China
^2.Laboratory Animal Research Center/Comparative Medical Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
^3.Hangzhou Lifutai Biotechnology Co. , Ltd. , Hangzhou 310051, China

Received:2023-11-20 Revised:2024-02-08 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-06-25
Contact: HUANG Heng (ORCID: 0009-0007-8264-6911), E-mail: hansmd@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的观察1 470 nm波长的半导体激光对离体动物组织的汽化切割、凝固和热损伤情况，以探讨其应用于前列腺增生治疗的可行性。方法实验组和同类对照组分别使用HANS-D1型和ML-DD01FI型1 470 nm半导体激光治疗仪。取新鲜离体猪膀胱组织，光纤距离组织0.5 cm和1 cm的条件下工作5 s，观察60、90、120、150、160 W功率的半导体激光对组织的损伤影响；取离体犬前列腺和猪肾组织分别进行汽化消融和汽化切割，观察60、90、120、150、160 W功率的半导体激光对组织的汽化和热损伤作用；另在凝结模式下照射离体猪肾组织5、10、15 s后，观察30、40、50 W功率的半导体激光对组织的凝固作用。结果光纤照射距离组织1 cm时，1 470 nm半导体激光对邻近正常膀胱组织不会产生意外损伤；但在距离0.5 cm时，120、150、160 W的1 470 nm半导体激光对膀胱组织有轻微的损伤。另外，随着输出功率的增大，60～160 W半导体激光对犬前列腺组织的汽化消融效率逐渐提高，且汽化量和消耗总能量之间呈良好的线性相关（P<0.001）。病理组织学HE染色结果显示实验组的凝固层厚度为292.20～309.98 μm，汽化层深度为1.49～4.52 mm；同类对照组的凝固层厚度为289.91～303.53 μm，汽化层深度为1.88～4.43 mm，两组间比较均未见明显差异（P>0.05）。同时，汽化切割截面积为1 cm²的离体猪肾组织时，60～160 W的1 470 nm半导体激光对肾组织的汽化切割效率随输出功率的增大而提高（P<0.05），其中实验组的凝固层厚度为496.04～514.47 μm，同类对照组的凝固层厚度为489.39～518.53 μm。此外，凝结模式下30、40、50 W的半导体激光对离体猪肾组织照射5、10、15 s时，随着激光输出功率的增加，凝固瘢直径、凹槽深度和凝固效率均逐渐增大（P<0.05）；其中实验组和同类对照组的凝固层厚度分别为399.10～449.98 μm和392.97～447.65 μm，汽化层深度分别为3.05～7.09 mm和2.70～7.14 mm，两组间比较均未见明显差异（P>0.05）。结论 1 470 nm半导体激光对离体动物组织具有良好的汽化消融、切割和凝固作用，其效果与输出能量之间具有良好的线性相关。

关键词: 前列腺增生, 1 470 nm半导体激光, 汽化切割, 凝固, 热损伤, 离体动物组织

Abstract:

Objective To observe the effects of a 1 470 nm semiconductor laser on vaporization cutting, coagulation, and thermal injury of ex vivo animal tissues, aiming to explore the feasibility of its application in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods The experimental group and control group were treated with HANS-D1 and ML-DD01FI 1 470 nm semiconductor laser therapy equipment, respectively. Fresh ex vivo pig bladder tissue was exposed to lasers with the optical fiber placed at distances of 0.5 cm and 1 cm from the tissue for 5 s. The effects of layers at powers of 60, 90, 120, 150, and 160 W on tissue injury were observed. Ex vivo dog prostate and pig kidney tissues were used for vaporization ablation and cutting to observe the effects of lasers at the same power levels on tissue vaporization and cutting thermal injury. Additionally, in coagulation mode, the effects of 30, 40, and 50 W semiconductor lasers on tissue coagulation were observed after irradiating ex vivo pig kidney tissue for 5, 10, and 15 seconds. Results When the optical fiber was placed 1 cm away from the tissue, the 1 470 nm semiconductor lasers did not cause accidental damage to adjacent normal bladder tissue. However, at a distance of 0.5 cm, the 120 W, 150 W, or 160 W lasers caused slight damage to the bladder tissue. In addition, with the increase in output power, the vaporization ablation efficiency of 60-160 W lasers on dog prostate tissue gradually increased, showing a good linear correlation between vaporization volume and total energy consumption (P<0.001). Histopathological HE staining results indicated that the coagulation layer thickness in the experimental group was 292.20-309.98 μm, and the vaporization layer depth was 1.49-4.52 mm. In the control group, the coagulation layer thickness was 289.91-303.53 μm, and the vaporization layer depth was 1.88-4.43 mm. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Moreover, when performing vaporization cutting on ex vivo pig kidney tissue with a cross-sectional area of 1 cm², the efficiency of vaporization cutting by the 60-160 W 1 470 nm semiconductor lasers increased with the increase in output power (P<0.05). The coagulated layer thickness in the experimental group was 496.04-514.47 μm, while that in the control group was 489.39-518.53 μm. Additionally, in coagulation mode, when ex vivo pig kidney tissue was irradiated for 5, 10, and 15 s with 30, 40, and 50 W semiconductor lasers, the coagulation diameter, groove depth, and coagulation efficiency gradually increased with the increase in laser output power (P<0.05). The coagulation layer thickness in the experimental group and control group was 399.10-449.98 μm and 392.97-447.65 μm, respectively, and the vaporization layer depth was 3.05-7.09 mm and 2.70-7.14 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The 1 470 nm semiconductor laser shows good vaporization ablation, cutting, and coagulation effect on ex vivo tissues, with a good linear correlation between the effect and the output energy.

Key words: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 1 470 nm semiconductor laser, Vaporization cutting, Coagulation, Thermal injury, Ex vivo animal tissues

中图分类号:

R-332

郑国,潘永明,黄俊杰,等. 1 470 nm半导体激光对离体动物组织的汽化消融、切割和凝固作用[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(3): 279-288. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.161.

Guo ZHENG,Yongming PAN,Junjie HUANG,et al. Effects of 1 470 nm Semiconductor Laser on Vaporization Ablation, Cutting, and Coagulation in Ex Vivo Animal Tissue[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 279-288. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.161.

图/表 5

图1 不同输出功率的激光照射后离体猪膀胱组织损伤的病理观察（HE染色，×100）注：实验组和同类对照组分别使用HANS-D1型和ML-DD01FI型1 470 nm半导体激光治疗仪，两组输出功率分别为60、90、120、150、160 W和60、90、120、150 W，且光纤距膀胱组织0.5 cm的条件下照射5 s。红色箭头示黏膜破损处，绿色三角形示组织碳化。

Figure 1 Pathological observation on tissue injury in ex vivo pig bladder after laser irradiation at different output powers (HE staining, ×100)Note： The experimental group and the control group were treated with HANS-D1 and ML-DD01FI 1 470 nm semiconductor laser therapy equipment, respectively. The output powers for the two groups were 60, 90, 120, 150, 160 W and 60, 90, 120, 150 W, respectively. The optical fiber was irradiated for 5 s at a distance of 0.5 cm away from the bladder tissue. Red arrows indicate the mucosal damage, and green triangle indicates tissue carbonization.

图2 不同输出功率的激光照射后离体犬前列腺组织汽化消融效率和热损伤情况注：A为各组前列腺组织截面的变化；B为各组汽化量、汽化速度、汽化效能、凹槽深度、凹槽宽度以及汽化效率的变化；C为各组组织的病理变化（HE染色，×40），绿色三角形代表组织碳化；D为各组凝固层厚度和汽化层深度的变化。与等功率的同类对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与60 W比较，aP<0.05，aaP<0.01；与90 W比较，bP<0.05，bbP<0.01；与120 W比较，cP<0.05，ccP<0.01；与150 W比较，dP<0.05，ddP<0.01。

Figure 2 Vaporization efficiency and thermal injury of ex vivo dog prostate tissue after laser irradiation at different output powersNote： A, cross-sectional changes in prostate tissue in each group; B, changes in vaporization amount, vaporization speed, vaporization effect, groove depth, groove width, and vaporization efficiency in each group; C, pathological changes in tissue in each group (HE staining, ×40), with green triangle indicating tissue carbonization; D, changes in the coagulation layer thickness and the vaporization layer depth in each group. Compared with the control group of the same power, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; compared with 60 W, aP<0.05, aaP<0.01; compared with 90 W, bP<0.05, bbP<0.01; compared with 120, cP<0.05, ccP<0.01; compared with 150 W, dP<0.05, ddP<0.01.

图3 不同输出功率的激光照射后离体猪肾组织汽化切割效率和热损伤情况注：A为各组激光照射时间、消耗总能量、汽化量、汽化切割速度、汽化切割效能和汽化切割效率的变化；B为各组肾组织的病理变化（HE染色，×100），黑色箭头代表组织碳化；C为各组凝固层厚度的变化。与等功率的同类对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与60 W比较，aP<0.05，aaP<0.01；与90 W比较，bP<0.05，bbP<0.01；与120 W比较；cP<0.05，ccP<0.01；与150 W比较，dP<0.05，ddP<0.01。

Figure 3 Vaporization cutting efficiency and thermal injury of ex vivo kidney tissue after laser irradiation at different output powersNote：A, changes in laser emission time, total energy consumption, vaporization amount, vaporization cutting speed, vaporization cutting effect and vaporization cutting efficiency in each group; B, pathological changes in kidney tissue in each group (HE staining, ×100), with black arrows indicating tissue carbonization; C, changes in the coagulation layer thickness in each group. Compared with the control group of the same power, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; compared with 60 W, aP<0.05, aaP<0.01; compared with 90 W, bP<0.05, bbP<0.01; compared with 120 W; cP<0.05, ccP<0.01; compared with 150 W, dP<0.05, ddP<0.01.

图4 不同输出功率的激光照射后离体猪肾组织单纯凝固情况注：A为各组凝固后的肾组织变化；B为各组凝固瘢直径、凝固层厚度和凝固效率的变化。与等功率等照射时间的同类对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与30 W比较，aP<0.05，aaP<0.01；与40 W比较，bP<0.05，bbP<0.01；与50 W比较；cP<0.05，ccP<0.01；相同功率下，与照射时间5 s比较，eP<0.05，eeP<0.01；与10 s比较，fP<0.05，ffP<0.01。

Figure 4 Simple coagulation of ex vivo pig kidney tissue after laser irradiation at different output powersNote： A, changes in coagulated kidney tissues in each group; B, changes in coagulation mark diameter, coagulation layer thickness, and coagulation efficiency in each group. Compared with the control group of the same power and irradiation time, *P<0.05, **P<0.01; compared with 30 W, aP<0.05, aaP<0.01; compared with 40 W, bP<0.05, bbP<0.01; compared with 50 W, cP<0.05, ccP<0.01; at the same power, compared with 5 s irradiation time, eP<0.05, eeP<0.01; compared with 10 s, fP<0.05, ffP<0.01.

图5 不同输出功率的激光照射后离体猪肾组织凝固层厚度和汽化层深度的变化注：图A为各组肾脏组织的病理变化，绿色三角形代表组织碳化；图B为各组凝固层厚度和汽化层深度的变化。与等功率等照射时间的同类对照组比较，*P<0.05，**P<0.01；与30 W比较，aP<0.05，aaP<0.01；与40 W比较，bP<0.05，bbP<0.01；与50 W比较；cP<0.05，ccP<0.01；相同功率下，与照射时间5 s比较，eP<0.05，eeP<0.01；与10 s比较，fP<0.05，ffP<0.01。

Figure 5 Changes in coagulation layer thickness and vaporization layer depth in ex vivo pig kidney tissue after laser irradiation at different output powersNote：A, pathological changes in kidney tissue in each group, with green triangles indicating tissue carbonization. B, changes in the coagulation layer thickness and vaporization layer depth in each group. Compared with the control group at the same power and irradiation time,*P<0.05, **P<0.01; compared with 30 W, aP<0.05, aaP<0.01; compared with 40 W, bP<0.05, bbP<0.01; compared with 50 W, cP<0.05, ccP<0.01; at the same power, compared with 5 s irradiation time, eP<0.05, eeP<0.01; compared with 10 s, fP<0.05, ffP<0.01.

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1 470 nm半导体激光对离体动物组织的汽化消融、切割和凝固作用

Effects of 1 470 nm Semiconductor Laser on Vaporization Ablation, Cutting, and Coagulation in Ex Vivo Animal Tissue

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