心气阴两虚证动物模型的构建方法与评价进展

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.176

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 411-421.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.176

心气阴两虚证动物模型的构建方法与评价进展

刘亚益¹^,², 贾云凤¹^,², 左一鸣¹^,², 张军平¹^,², 吕仕超¹^,²()()

^1.天津中医药大学第一附属医院, 天津 300381
^2.国家中医针灸临床医学研究中心, 天津 300381

收稿日期:2024-11-22 修回日期:2025-02-05 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-01
通讯作者: 吕仕超（1985—），男，博士，主任医师，博士生导师，研究方向：中医药防治心血管疾病。E-mail： 372272027@qq.com。ORCID： 0000-0002-4073-9083
作者简介:刘亚益（1999—），女，硕士，研究方向：中医药防治心血管疾病。E-mail： yayil1999@163.com
基金资助:
天津市教委科研计划项目“益气复脉方调控TMAO-NLRP3/Caspase-1通路介导的细胞焦亡干预慢性心衰急性失代偿的机制研究”(2023ZD029);天津市教委科研计划项目“基于Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4介导铁死亡探讨益气复脉方干预慢性心衰急性失代偿的效应机制”(2022ZD044)

Progress and Evaluation of Animal Model of Heart Qi-Yin Deficiency Syndrome

LIU Yayi¹^,², JIA Yunfeng¹^,², ZUO Yiming¹^,², ZHANG Junping¹^,², LÜ Shichao¹^,²()()

^1.First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
^2.National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China

Received:2024-11-22 Revised:2025-02-05 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-09-01
Contact: LÜ Shichao (ORCID: 0000-0002-4073-9083), E-mail: 372272027@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

病证结合动物模型是探究中医证候本质的重要研究工具。目前，动物模型的构建手段、评价方法等已初步具备规范化发展的基础条件。气阴两虚证是心血管疾病中常见的中医证型，是致使心血管疾病发生、病理产物产生的重要病因，是导致心血管疾病缠绵难愈，甚至诱发他病的重要病机。建立具有气阴两虚证特色的心血管疾病动物模型以及客观规范的评价体系，已成为现代心血管疾病研究的重要内容。近年来，关于心气阴两虚证动物模型的构建和评价研究有所增长，但是其构建方法和评价标准却各不相同，且与其他动物模型相比，心气阴两虚证动物模型的构建和评价研究的文献量较少，缺乏统计与整体性分析。因此，从心气阴两虚证的科学内涵出发，本文系统综述了该证候动物模型的评价体系，涵盖宏观表征评估、理化指标与客观评价、以方测证等多维度方法；阐述了具体的模型构建策略，包括单因素诱导法（睡眠剥夺法、慢性间歇性缺氧法、动脉阻塞法、高盐饲料喂养法）及复合因素诱导法（睡眠剥夺联合药物法、慢性间歇性缺氧联合药物法、力竭游泳联合药物法）；同时列举了各模型在研究中的应用实例，深入分析了当前模型构建与评价中存在的问题，并提出优化方向，例如推广复合因素诱导策略、提升评价标准的客观性等。本文旨在为构建符合中医特色的心气阴两虚证动物模型提供理论参考，进而为中医药防治心血管疾病奠定科学基础。

关键词: 心血管疾病, 气阴两虚证, 动物模型, 病证结合

Abstract:

Animal models combining disease and syndrome are important research tools to explore the nature of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes. At present, the construction and evaluation methods of animal models have preliminarily established the foundation for standardized development. Qi-yin deficiency syndrome is a common type of TCM syndrome in cardiovascular diseases. It is an important pathogenic factor causing the onset, pathological damage, and chronic nature of cardiovascular diseases, as well as triggering other illnesses. The establishment of an animal model of cardiovascular disease with the characteristics of Qi-yin deficiency, along with an objective and standardized evaluation system, has become an important part of modern cardiovascular disease research. In recent years, research on the construction and evaluation of animal models of heart Qi-yin deficiency syndrome has increased, but the construction methods and evaluation criteria vary. Compared with other animal models, the literature is limited, lacking statistics and overall analysis. Therefore, based on the scientific connotation of heart Qi-yin deficiency syndrome, this article systematically reviews the evaluation system of its animal model, covering multidimensional methods such as macroscopic characterization assessment, physicochemical indicators and objective evaluation, and syndrome differentiation based on prescriptions. The specific model construction strategies are described, including single-factor induction methods (sleep deprivation, chronic intermittent hypoxia, arterial occlusion, high-salt feeding) and the compound-factor induction methods (sleep deprivation combined with drug method, chronic intermittent hypoxia combined with drug method, exhaustive swimming combined with drug method). Meanwhile, application examples of each model in the research are listed, the existing problems in the current model construction and evaluation are analyzed, and optimization directions are proposed, such as promoting the compound factor induction strategy and improving the objectivity of the evaluation criteria. This article aims to provide theoretical references for constructing an animal model of heart Qi-yin deficiency syndrome that conforms to TCM characteristics, and thereby laying a scientific foundation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases with TCM.

Key words: Cardiovascular disease, Qi-yin deficiency syndrome, Animal models, Combination of disease and syndrome

中图分类号:

R285.5

刘亚益,贾云凤,左一鸣,等. 心气阴两虚证动物模型的构建方法与评价进展[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(4): 411-421. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.176.

LIU Yayi,JIA Yunfeng,ZUO Yiming,et al. Progress and Evaluation of Animal Model of Heart Qi-Yin Deficiency Syndrome[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2025, 45(4): 411-421. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.176.

图/表 2

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心气阴两虚证动物模型的构建方法与评价进展

Progress and Evaluation of Animal Model of Heart Qi-Yin Deficiency Syndrome

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