实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 197-205.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.088

• 实验动物与职业健康专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

浅谈非人灵长类实验动物从业人员的职业健康管理措施

李倩1,2(), 陈佳琦1,2,3(), 李丽红1,2, 张飞燕1,2, 毛华明3(), 吕龙宝1,2()   

  1. 1.中国科学院昆明动物研究所, 昆明 650223
    2.国家非人灵长类实验动物资源库, 昆明 650223
    3.云南农业大学动物科学技术学院, 昆明 650201
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21 修回日期:2024-10-12 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 吕龙宝(1974—),男,博士研究生,正高级工程师,研究方向:实验动物学。E-mail: lvlongbao@mail.kiz.ac.cn。ORCID:0000-0002-8437-6333;
    毛华明(1963—),男,博士,教授,研究方向:研究方向为反刍动物资源与营养。E-mail: 3369252661@qq.com。ORCID:0009-0002-9029-987X
  • 作者简介:李 倩(1986—),女,硕士,工程师,研究方向: 实验动物质量监测及营养管理。E-mail: liqian@mail.kiz.ac.cn。ORCID: 0009-0003-0980-6000;
    陈佳琦(1987—),女,博士研究生,工程师,研究方向: 实验动物饲养管理、动物营养与饲料科学研究。E-mail: ynreddragonfly@126.com。ORCID: 0009-0004-8256-8579
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“灵长类实验动物育种、繁育、SPF猴培育及资源保护研究”(2022YFF0710900);“灵长类实验动物生物样本资源建设”(2022YFF0710902);云南(昆明)院士专家工作站计划项目“贺争鸣实验动物专家工作站”(YSZJGZZ-2022063);云南省贺争鸣专家工作站(202305AF150160)

Occupational Health Risk Management Measures for Personnel Handling Non-Human Primate Laboratory Animals: An Overview

LI Qian1,2(), CHEN Jiaqi1,2,3(), LI Lihong1,2, ZHANG Feiyan1,2, MAO Huaming3(), LÜ Longbao1,2()   

  1. 1.Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
    2.National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming 650223, China
    3.Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
  • Received:2024-06-21 Revised:2024-10-12 Published:2025-04-25 Online:2025-04-25
  • Contact: LÜ Longbao (ORCID: 0000-0002-8437-6333), E-mail: lvlongbao@mail.kiz.ac.cn;
    MAO Huaming (ORCID: 0009-0002-9029-987X), E-mail: 3369252661@qq.com

摘要:

非人灵长类因其与人类在遗传学和生理学上的高度相似性,成为生命科学研究和生物医药开发的关键性实验动物,不仅为神经系统疾病和传染病的机制研究提供理想平台,还被广泛用于大分子药物的临床前安全性评估,被誉为“金标准”。然而,这种生物学相似性也导致从业人员因接触非人灵长类实验动物或其组织、体液而面临较高的人兽共患病传播风险。结合近年来国内外人兽共患病暴发情况及国家生物安全法颁布实施的背景,本文综述了非人灵长类实验动物从业人员面临的职业风险因素(包括生物因素、化学因素、物理因素)、常见的人兽共患病及其病原体分类、传播途径、危害程度,以及从业人员职业危害暴露的处理方式,进而提出建立多维防控体系:(1)风险评估与应急处理,即通过职业健康安全委员会(Occupational Health and Safety Committee,OHSC)定期识别危险源,制定暴露后紧急处理流程 ;(2)管理体系优化,即完善设施设计、个人防护装备配置,并强化从业人员健康监护与疫苗接种 ;(3)技术培训与规范操作,即开展非人灵长类实验动物行为学、生物安全操作等专项培训,推广智能监控技术以减少攻击性事件等措施。本文旨在提高非人灵长类实验动物从业人员的健康安全意识,加强人员个人防护及专业技能操作的规范性指引,从而保障从业人员健康安全,降低职业暴露率,有效预防实验动物相关职业病。

关键词: 非人灵长类动物, 职业健康, 职业暴露, 生物安全, 人兽共患病

Abstract:

Owing to their high genetic and physiological similarities to humans, non-human primates (NHPs) have become pivotal animal models in life sciences research and biomedical development. NHP laboratory animals are not only an ideal platform for exploring the mechanisms of neurological diseases and infectious diseases, but they are also widely used in preclinical safety evaluations of macromolecular drugs, which are considered the "gold standard". Nevertheless, this biological similarity increases the risk of zoonotic disease transmission to personnel working with NHP laboratory animals, their tissues, and body fluids. In light of recent domestic and international outbreaks of zoonotic diseases as well as the implementation of the Biosafety Law, this study examines the occupational risk factors encountered by personnel working with NHPs. This includes biological, chemical, and physical factors. This paper also covers common zoonoses, classification of the corresponding pathogens, transmission routes, risk severity levels, and protocols for post-exposure management. A multidimensional prevention and control framework is proposed, which includes the following components. (1) Risk Assessment and Emergency Response: Regularly identify hazards through an Occupational Health and Safety Committee (OHSC) and develop post-exposure emergency protocols. (2) Optimization of Management Systems: Improve facility design, optimize the allocation of personal protective equipment, and enhance health surveillance and vaccination programs. (3) Technical Training and Standardized Operations: Provide specialized training in NHP laboratory animal ethology and biosafety practices. Additionally, implement intelligent monitoring technologies to reduce the occurrence of aggressive incidents. This paper outlines measures designed to enhance health and safety awareness among personnel working with NHP laboratory animals. It emphasizes the need for strengthened guidance on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the standardization of professional operational practices. The goal is to safeguard personnel health and safety, reduce occupational exposure rates, and effectively prevent occupational diseases related to laboratory animals.

Key words: Non-human primates, Occupational health, Occupational exposure, Biosafety, Zoonosis

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