基于中西医临床病证特点的腰椎管狭窄症动物模型分析

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.131

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 541-552.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.131

基于中西医临床病证特点的腰椎管狭窄症动物模型分析

何苗¹, 张旭兴², 吴刚¹^,²^,³, 周毅¹, 饶豪², 胡翔宇³()

^1.武汉体育学院运动医学院, 武汉 430079
^2.湖北中医药大学第一临床学院, 武汉 430060
^3.湖北中医药大学附属医院/湖北省中医院/湖北省中医药研究院, 武汉 430061

收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-12-03 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-08-22
通讯作者: 胡翔宇（1990—），男，硕士，主治医师，主要从事中医药防治运动损伤研究。E-mail： 568506769@qq.com。ORCID： 0009-0002-7410-0058
作者简介:何苗（1994—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事慢性疾病康复研究。E-mail： 1204061936@qq.com
基金资助:
国家中医药管理局全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目“熊昌源全国名老中医药专家传承工作室”

Analysis of Animal Models of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Based on Clinical Characteristics of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

HE Miao¹, ZHANG Xuxing², WU Gang¹^,²^,³, ZHOU Yi¹, RAO Hao², HU Xiangyu³()

^1.School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
^2.First Clinical College of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
^3.Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China

Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-12-03 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-08-22
Correspondence to: HU Xiangyu (ORCID: 0009-0002-7410-0058), E-mail: 568506769@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

腰椎管狭窄症（lumbar spinal stenosis，LSS）作为老年人群中常见的致残性疾病，其临床评估既依赖影像学及神经功能学等指标，也涉及中医辨证体系。为分析现有LSS动物模型与中西医临床病证特点的吻合度，明确动物模型的优缺点与探索临床应用潜力，本研究以“腰椎管狭窄”“模型”“指南”“共识”“规范”“lumbar spinal stenosis”“model”“guideline”“consensus”“norm”等为检索词进行组合，检索中国知网、万方数据、PubMed、Web of Science等中英文数据库。检索时间范围为自建库起至2025年6月底。经筛选，共纳入21篇文献，其中动物实验研究类15篇，指南、共识、规范类6篇。据此总结现有造模方法，并结合临床指南和专家共识提炼诊断指标，参考相关文献提出的评价体系评估临床吻合度。结果显示：现有模型可分为高度吻合（去椎板/棘突后填充、去椎板/棘突+去韧带/肌肉后填充、自体骨回填）、一般吻合（尼龙带硬膜捆扎法、可调螺钉、固定+切除韧带/肌肉）及低度吻合（气囊法、可调气囊、双足直立、切除韧带/肌肉、钢丝环扎）3类一致性等级。整体来看，这些模型在结构构建方面表现较好，但在临床诊断逻辑和中医证候再现上存在明显不足。未来研究应在现有模型基础上，强化证候表型采集，丰富中医维度评价体系；引入多因素协同建模策略，拓展证候层面的模拟深度。本文旨在分析可真实反映疾病发病机制、契合中西医临床实际且具备广泛应用潜力的LSS动物模型，以期缩小实验发现与临床实践之间的转化差距。

关键词: 腰椎管狭窄症, 诊断标准, 病证特点, 动物模型, 临床吻合度, 中西医

Abstract:

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common disabling condition in the elderly, and its clinical assessment relies not only on imaging and neurofunctional indicators but also on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation. To evaluate the concordance between existing LSS animal models and clinical characteristics of TCM and Western medicine, clarify their advantages and limitations, and explore their translational potential, Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science, are searched using combinations of the terms "lumbar spinal stenosis," "model," "guideline," "consensus," and "norm" from inception to the end of June 2025. After screening, a total of 21 publications are included, of which 15 report animal experimental studies, and 6 are guidelines, consensus statements, or normative documents. Based on these, the existing modeling methods are summarized, diagnostic indicators are extracted from clinical guidelines and expert consensus, and clinical concordance is evaluated using an assessment system proposed in the relevant literature. The results show that the existing animal models are categorized into three concordance levels: high (laminectomy/spinous process removal with filling; laminectomy/spinous process + ligament/muscle removal with filling; autologous bone backfilling), moderate (nylon tape dural binding method, adjustable screws, fixation combined with removal of ligament/muscle), and low (balloon compression method, adjustable balloon compression method, bipedal standing, ligament/muscle resection, steel wire cerclage method). Overall, current animal models of LSS generally perform well in terms of structural construction but show clear limitations in replicating clinical diagnostic logic and TCM syndromes. Future research should enhance syndrome phenotype collection and enrich TCM-based evaluation systems based on existing models. Additionally, multifactorial integrated modeling strategies should be introduced to extend the depth of syndrome-level simulation. This study aims to analyze LSS animal models that can faithfully recapitulate disease pathogenesis, conform to clinical realities of both Western medicine and TCM clinical practice, and have broad application potential, so as to narrow the translational gap between experimental findings and clinical practice.

Key words: Lumbar spinal stenosis, Diagnostic criteria, Disease and syndrome characteristics, Animal models, Clinical concordance, Traditional Chinese and Western medicine

中图分类号:

R681.5

何苗,张旭兴,吴刚,等. 基于中西医临床病证特点的腰椎管狭窄症动物模型分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2026, 46(4): 541-552. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.131.

HE Miao,ZHANG Xuxing,WU Gang,et al. Analysis of Animal Models of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Based on Clinical Characteristics of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(4): 541-552. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.131.

图/表 3

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证型 Syndrome type	临床表现 Clinical characteristics	舌脉 Tongue and pulse
风寒痹阻证 Wind-cold obstruction syndrome	腰腿酸痛、沉重、拘紧；遇冷加重，得热痛缓	舌淡苔白腻，脉浮紧或沉紧
气虚血瘀证 Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome	腰背痛缠绵、不耐久坐，乏力，面色少华，下肢麻木	舌淡紫或见瘀点，苔薄，脉细涩
肝肾亏虚证 Liver and kidney deficiency syndrome	腰腿酸痛无力；遇劳更甚，卧则减轻；疲倦；肌肉瘦削	舌淡苔少，脉沉细弱
痰湿阻滞证 Phlegm-dampness obstruction syndrome	腰腿沉重疼痛，伴下肢麻木微肿；站立加重，卧床减轻；多体型肥胖；胸闷、气短；困倦	舌胖大或有齿痕，苔厚腻，脉滑或沉濡

证型 Syndrome type	临床表现 Clinical characteristics	舌脉 Tongue and pulse
风寒痹阻证 Wind-cold obstruction syndrome	腰腿酸痛、沉重、拘紧；遇冷加重，得热痛缓	舌淡苔白腻，脉浮紧或沉紧
气虚血瘀证 Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome	腰背痛缠绵、不耐久坐，乏力，面色少华，下肢麻木	舌淡紫或见瘀点，苔薄，脉细涩
肝肾亏虚证 Liver and kidney deficiency syndrome	腰腿酸痛无力；遇劳更甚，卧则减轻；疲倦；肌肉瘦削	舌淡苔少，脉沉细弱
痰湿阻滞证 Phlegm-dampness obstruction syndrome	腰腿沉重疼痛，伴下肢麻木微肿；站立加重，卧床减轻；多体型肥胖；胸闷、气短；困倦	舌胖大或有齿痕，苔厚腻，脉滑或沉濡

基于中西医临床病证特点的腰椎管狭窄症动物模型分析

Analysis of Animal Models of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Based on Clinical Characteristics of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

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