动物生物安全二级实验室猫感染实验的生物风险控制

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猫与人类在生理、免疫特征上具有一定相似性，因而在病毒学研究、药物开发及疫苗评价中逐渐成为具有重要价值的模式动物，尤其在猫免疫缺陷病毒（feline immunodeficiency virus）、猫冠状病毒（feline coronavirus）等研究中具有不可替代的价值。然而，猫性情敏感、应激反应强烈，且具备发达的神经系统和尖锐爪牙。因此，在动物生物安全二级实验室（animal biosafety level 2 laboratory，ABSL-2）中开展猫感染性实验时，其生物安全风险显著高于常规啮齿类动物。本文基于笔者团队在ABSL-2的长期实践经验，围绕实验用猫感染性动物实验的全流程，系统梳理了从实验用猫的选择、入场前的准备、接收与检疫、饲养管理，到感染性实验全过程操作、意外情况与处理等关键环节的风险识别与控制要点。品种选择方面，建议优先选用遗传背景明确、性情温顺的SPF级短毛猫，并根据实验目的科学匹配性别与年龄；入场前准备阶段，强调人员双资质管理、健康监护、环境及笼具消毒、饲料饮水标准及记录体系的规范化；接收与检疫环节，建立运输管控、外观检查、隔离检疫、病原排除及正向训练的标准化流程；感染性实验阶段，明确“固定饲养人员、固定饲喂/清洁时间、固定笼位”的“三定”饲养原则、消毒剂选择、废弃物高压灭菌及实验动物医师日常巡查制度；实验操作风险控制方面，细化人员防护分级、动物麻醉保定、生物安全柜分区操作、实验废弃物处置具体措施，并针对动物死亡、逃逸、人员暴露及感染性样本溢出等意外事件，制定相应的防护与应急响应预案。本研究为在ABSL-2中开展实验用猫感染性实验提供了可复制、可推广的技术路径和操作规范，以期为后续其他实验室开展类似实验提供借鉴和参考。

关键词: 动物生物安全二级实验室, 实验用猫, 饲养, 生物风险控制

Abstract:

Cats, owing to their physiological and immunological similarities with humans, have become increasingly valuable as model animals in virology research, drug development, and vaccine evaluation. They are irreplaceable in studies of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline coronavirus, and other related pathogens. However, cats are temperamentally sensitive, exhibit strong stress responses, and possess well-developed nervous systems as well as sharp claws and teeth. Consequently, the biosafety risks associated with infectious experiments using cats in animal biosafety level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2) are significantly higher than those encountered with conventional rodents. Drawing on long-term ABSL-2 operational experience, this article systematically reviews the entire workflow of infectious experiments in laboratory cats — from animal selection, pre-entry preparation, reception and quarantine, housing management, to infectious experimental procedures and incident response — identifying and addressing critical risk points at each stage. For strain selection, SPF-grade shorthair cats with defined genetic backgrounds and docile temperaments are recommended; sex and age should be scientifically matched to experimental objectives. During pre-entry preparation, emphasis is placed on dual-credential personnel management, health surveillance, standardized disinfection of environments and cages, feed and water standards, and robust record-keeping. During reception and quarantine, standardized protocols are established for transport control, appearance inspection, isolation quarantine, pathogen exclusion, and positive-reinforcement training. During infectious experimentation, a "three-fixed" husbandry principle is clearly implemented: dedicated caretakers, fixed feeding/cleaning times, and fixed cage positions. Disinfectant selection, autoclaving of waste, and daily veterinary rounds are rigorously enforced. Operational risk control includes detailed measures for graded personal protection, animal anesthesia and restraint, zoned operation within biosafety cabinets, and disposal of experimental waste. Contingency plans are formulated to address animal death, escape, personnel exposure, and spills of infectious materials. This study provides a reproducible and scalable technical pathway and operational standard for conducting infectious experiments in laboratory cats in ABSL-2 laboratories, offering a reference for other facilities undertaking similar work.

Key words: Animal biosafety level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Laboratory cats, Husbandry, Biocontainment

中图分类号:

Q95-33

赵赫,张涛,肖宇宙,等. 动物生物安全二级实验室猫感染实验的生物风险控制[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2026, 46(2): 242-250. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.090.

ZHAO He,ZHANG Tao,XIAO Yuzhou,et al. Biological Risk Control for Infectious Experiments in Cats in Animal Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(2): 242-250. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.090.

图/表 1

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