生物语言学动物模型研究进展

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物语言学是研究人类语言的生物属性及起源的交叉学科。言语和语言障碍及语言演化是生物语言学研究的核心领域。近年来，通过神经影像学、神经生理学技术研究动物的发声行为，以及运用细胞和分子技术在动物模型中鉴定并操作特定的神经回路，已经显著推进了对人类语言的神经生物属性的理解。本文综述了在发育性阅读障碍、卒中失语症及孤独症谱系障碍等高发的言语和语言障碍的动物模型中，研究者如何通过构建基因敲除小鼠、中动脉闭塞大鼠模型及鸣禽模型，模拟言语和语言障碍人群中的听觉处理、神经元迁移、大脑偏侧化及超声发声等内表型，从而揭示KIAA0319、星形肌动蛋白2等候选基因的功能，以及神经可塑性在语言功能重组中的作用。在语言演化研究中，本文着重探讨了灵长类动物和鸣禽如何揭示语言的解剖结构、神经机制及认知功能的协同演化及语言的多模态起源，从而得出“人类认知复杂性的提升，恰恰由于喉部解剖结构简化”的结论，以及手势、言语、音乐等行为的起源之间密不可分的关系。文章最后讨论了生物语言学研究中动物模型使用所面临的伦理争议及跨物种转化的挑战，并提出了未来研究需遵循“3R”原则，并结合多能干细胞模型、脑类器官等前沿技术，构建多物种联合验证体系等解决方案。

关键词: 生物语言学, 言语和语言障碍, 语言演化, 动物模型

Abstract:

Biolinguistics is an interdisciplinary discipline dedicated to exploring the biological foundation of human language and its origin. Speech and language disorders along with the language evolution are the centers of biolinguistics. Recently, the study of the vocal behavior of animals by neuroimaging, neurophysiological technologies as well as identifying and manipulating specific neural circuits by the cellular and molecular technologies has significantly advanced the understanding of the neurobiology of human language. This paper takes three types of prevalent speech and language disorders-developmental dyslexia, post-stroke aphasia and autism spectrum disorder-as examples to review how the researchers constructed the knockout mice, middle-cerebral-artery-occlusion rats and songbird models to simulate the endophenotypes like auditory processing, neural migration, brain lateralization and ultrasonic vocalization so as to reveal the functions of the candidate genes like KIAA0319,astrotactin 2 and how neuroplasticity contributes to the restructuring of linguistic function. Regarding the language evolution, this paper focuses on how the research of primates and songbirds elucidates the coevolutionary path of human language in terms of anatomical structure, neural mechanism and cognition, as well as the multi-modal origin. These studies lead to the findings like "anatomical simplification leads to the neurocognitive complexification" and "the gesture, language,and music are intertwined in terms of origin". At the end of the paper, the challenges regarding ethics and cross-species translation are discussed. Future research needs to adhere to "3R" principles and construct multi-species joint validation systems, and integrate the frontier technologies such as pluripotent stem cell models and brain organoids.

Key words: Biolinguistics, Speech and language disorders, Language evolution, Animal models

中图分类号:

Q95-33

李慧. 生物语言学动物模型研究进展[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2026, 46(2): 297-305. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.098.

LI Hui. Advances in Animal Models for Biolinguistic Research[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(2): 297-305. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.098.

图/表 1

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