繁育体系中育成期小鼠换笼周期及刨花垫料使用量的优化研究

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.095

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 251-260.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.095

繁育体系中育成期小鼠换笼周期及刨花垫料使用量的优化研究

吴宪文(), 刘丽丽, 陈烨, 徐国恒()

北京大学医学部实验动物科学部, 北京 100191

收稿日期:2025-06-19 修回日期:2025-10-16 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-18
通讯作者: 徐国恒（1964—），男，博士，教授，研究方向：生理学、脂肪生成与脂肪分解调节。E-mail： xug@bimu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴宪文（1986—），女，博士，主管技师，研究方向：实验动物遗传育种与群体繁育基础。E-mail： wuxianwen@bimu.edu.cn。ORCID：0009-0004-0007-5907
刘丽丽（1997—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：动物遗传育种。E-mail： 1805979990@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划-基础科研条件与重大科学仪器设备研发专项“实验动物福利指标量化与评估技术研究（共性关键技术）”(2023YFF0724900)

Optimization of Cage-Changing Intervals and Wood Shavings Usage for Mice During the Growth Phase in Breeding Systems

WU Xianwen(), LIU Lili, CHEN Ye, XU Guoheng()

Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China

Received:2025-06-19 Revised:2025-10-16 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-18
Contact: XU Guoheng, E-mail: xug@bimu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的确定21日龄SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠在屏障环境内开放式笼盒饲养模式下，离乳后分笼饲养时刨花垫料的合理铺设高度及换笼周期方案。方法通过设置3组垫料（平均高度3 cm、4 cm、5 cm），形成6个实验组（雌性、雄性小鼠各3组，每组各60只小鼠，每盒20只小鼠，共计18个笼盒），根据GB 14925—2023《实验动物环境及设施》中最大饲养密度要求进行饲养，连续监测21～54日龄小鼠的体重、采食量、污物量及垫料清洁度等指标。结果在21～54日龄阶段，4 cm组雄性小鼠在42日龄的体重极显著高于3 cm和5 cm组（P<0.01）；在45～54日龄，4 cm组雄性小鼠的污物量显著高于3 cm组（P<0.05）。各垫料高度组间雌性小鼠体重、采食量及污物量差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。性别比较结果显示，雄性小鼠在部分日龄段的体重、采食量及污物量均显著高于雌性小鼠（P<0.05）；雌性、雄性小鼠间的清洁度评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。3 cm和4 cm组小鼠在饲养第6天～第12天时评分接近3分，5 cm组小鼠在饲养第12 d时接近3分；小鼠42日龄后各组清洁度评分迅速升高，需将换笼周期缩短至4 d。综合以上，建议3 cm和4 cm组小鼠的换笼周期为6 d，5 cm组小鼠的换笼周期可延长至12 d；42日龄后各垫料高度组小鼠的换笼周期均需缩短至4 d。结论在开放式笼盒饲养模式下，育成阶段采用4 cm垫料高度结合6 d换笼周期，既能通过垫料吸附维持笼盒清洁度，又可优化垫料资源使用量。该方案成功平衡了动物福利保障与设施运营效率，适用于C57BL/6J及遗传背景相似的近交系小鼠规模化饲养管理。

关键词: 刨花垫料, 开放式笼盒, 垫料铺设高度, 换笼周期, C57BL/6J小鼠

Abstract:

Objective To determine the optimal bedding depth of wood shavings and cage-changing interval for post-weaning (21-day-old) SPF C57BL/6J mice housed in open cages within a barrier environment. Methods Three bedding groups with average depths of 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm were established, forming six experimental groups (three groups each for female and male mice, with 60 mice per group and 20 mice per cage, totaling 18 cages). The mice were housed in accordance with the maximum housing density requirements specified in GB 14925—2023 Laboratory Animal—Environment and Housing Facilities. Indicators, including body weight, food intake, waste load, and bedding cleanliness, were continuously monitored in mice aged 21-54 days. Results At the age of 21-54 days, the body weight of male mice in the 4 cm bedding group at 42 days was significantly higher than that in the 3 cm and 5 cm groups (P<0.01); at the age of 45-54 days, the waste load of male mice in the 4 cm group was significantly higher than that in the 3 cm group (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in body weight, feed intake and waste load of female mice among each bedding height group (P>0.05). Gender comparison showed that the body weight, feed intake and waste load of male mice were significantly higher than those of female mice at multiple age groups (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in cleanliness scores between female and male mice (P>0.05). The scores of mice in the 3 cm and 4 cm groups were close to 3 points from day 6 to day 12, and the scores of mice in the 5 cm group were close to 3 points on day 12. After 42 days of age, the cleanliness scores of each group increased rapidly, and the cage change cycle needed to be shortened to 4 days. Comprehensive recommendation: the cage change cycle for 3 cm and 4 cm bedding heights is 6 days, and it can be extended to 12 days at a height of 5 cm bedding, and shortened to 4 days after 42 days of age. Conclusion Under the open-cage housing mode, a bedding depth of 4 cm combined with a 6-day cage-changing interval during the growth phase can maintain cage cleanliness through bedding adsorption while optimizing the use of bedding resources. This protocol successfully balances animal welfare assurance with facility operational efficiency and is suitable for the large-scale management of C57BL/6J mice and inbred strains with similar genetic backgrounds.

Key words: Wood shavings bedding, Open cages, Bedding depth, Cage-changing interval, C57BL/6J mice

中图分类号:

Q95-33

吴宪文,刘丽丽,陈烨,等. 繁育体系中育成期小鼠换笼周期及刨花垫料使用量的优化研究[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2026, 46(2): 251-260. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.095.

WU Xianwen,LIU Lili,CHEN Ye,et al. Optimization of Cage-Changing Intervals and Wood Shavings Usage for Mice During the Growth Phase in Breeding Systems[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(2): 251-260. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.095.

图/表 6

参考文献 21

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评分/分 Score/point	垫料状态 Bedding condition	粪便堆积情况 Fecal accumulation
0	干净、干燥、松散	无可见粪便
1	颜色轻微加深	少量（约占垫料总体积的2%）
2	颜色加深至黄褐色	在一角有明显堆积
3	明显变色，黄褐色加深	堆积量约占笼盒底面积的1/3，可见黑色粪粒堆积
4	深褐色	集中堆积于一侧，约占笼盒面积的1/2
5	严重污染	分布于笼盒两角及中间区域，约占笼盒面积的2/3

评分/分 Score/point	垫料状态 Bedding condition	粪便堆积情况 Fecal accumulation
0	干净、干燥、松散	无可见粪便
1	颜色轻微加深	少量（约占垫料总体积的2%）
2	颜色加深至黄褐色	在一角有明显堆积
3	明显变色，黄褐色加深	堆积量约占笼盒底面积的1/3，可见黑色粪粒堆积
4	深褐色	集中堆积于一侧，约占笼盒面积的1/2
5	严重污染	分布于笼盒两角及中间区域，约占笼盒面积的2/3

日龄/d Age in days/d	3 cm组体重/g Body weight in the 3 cm group/g		4 cm组体重/g Body weight in the 4 cm group/g		5 cm组体重/g Body weight in the 5 cm group/g
日龄/d Age in days/d	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice
21	8.12±0.23	8.89±0.28	8.35±0.29	8.37±0.34	6.59±0.34	8.38±0.50
24	9.31±0.33	10.01±0.56	9.34±0.25	9.81±0.41	8.12±0.58	9.38±0.47
27	11.59±0.32	12.79±0.30	11.80±0.38	11.48±0.33	11.93±0.70	12.07±0.49
30	14.54±0.33	13.86±0.52	14.80±0.49	14.31±0.41	13.85±0.73	14.41±0.43
33	16.55±0.44	15.76±0.41	17.25±0.69^*	15.06±0.39	16.08±0.49	15.68±0.23
36	18.41±0.28^*	15.98±0.42	18.47±0.62^**	16.18±0.42	17.38±0.32^*	16.22±0.33
39	19.75±0.28^*	17.15±0.41	19.97±0.42	17.13±0.39	18.12±0.29^**	17.03±0.23
42	20.06±0.28^*	17.39±0.23	20.75±0.41^a**	17.87±0.20	19.58±0.26^**	17.60±0.23
45	20.51±0.39^**	16.39±0.33	20.29±0.30^**	16.87±0.14	20.65±0.77^**	16.60±0.09
48	21.04±0.34^**	16.53±0.32	21.75±0.35^**	16.91±0.13	20.97±0.65^**	16.50±0.22
51	22.01±0.36^**	16.95±0.23	21.97±0.28^**	17.34±0.08	21.68±0.53^**	17.05±0.03
54	22.58±0.16^**	17.38±0.29	22.35±0.16^**	17.64±0.05	22.15±0.35^**	17.25±0.10

日龄/d Age in days/d	3 cm组体重/g Body weight in the 3 cm group/g		4 cm组体重/g Body weight in the 4 cm group/g		5 cm组体重/g Body weight in the 5 cm group/g
日龄/d Age in days/d	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice
21	8.12±0.23	8.89±0.28	8.35±0.29	8.37±0.34	6.59±0.34	8.38±0.50
24	9.31±0.33	10.01±0.56	9.34±0.25	9.81±0.41	8.12±0.58	9.38±0.47
27	11.59±0.32	12.79±0.30	11.80±0.38	11.48±0.33	11.93±0.70	12.07±0.49
30	14.54±0.33	13.86±0.52	14.80±0.49	14.31±0.41	13.85±0.73	14.41±0.43
33	16.55±0.44	15.76±0.41	17.25±0.69^*	15.06±0.39	16.08±0.49	15.68±0.23
36	18.41±0.28^*	15.98±0.42	18.47±0.62^**	16.18±0.42	17.38±0.32^*	16.22±0.33
39	19.75±0.28^*	17.15±0.41	19.97±0.42	17.13±0.39	18.12±0.29^**	17.03±0.23
42	20.06±0.28^*	17.39±0.23	20.75±0.41^a**	17.87±0.20	19.58±0.26^**	17.60±0.23
45	20.51±0.39^**	16.39±0.33	20.29±0.30^**	16.87±0.14	20.65±0.77^**	16.60±0.09
48	21.04±0.34^**	16.53±0.32	21.75±0.35^**	16.91±0.13	20.97±0.65^**	16.50±0.22
51	22.01±0.36^**	16.95±0.23	21.97±0.28^**	17.34±0.08	21.68±0.53^**	17.05±0.03
54	22.58±0.16^**	17.38±0.29	22.35±0.16^**	17.64±0.05	22.15±0.35^**	17.25±0.10

日龄/d Age in days/d	3 cm组采食量/g Food intake in the 3 cm group/g		4 cm组采食量/g Food intake in the 4 cm group/g		5 cm组采食量/g Food intake in the 5 cm group/g
日龄/d Age in days/d	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice
24	50.67±1.33	65.26±1.73	75.13±1.73	75.72±1.33	61.32±1.22	74.76±1.22
27	101.26±1.45	112.33±1.22	120.27±1.22	120.34±1.45	100.23±2.98	110.54±2.98
30	119.33±2.98	132.16±2.11	132.78±2.11	138.14±2.98	132.66±2.88	132.32±2.88
33	141.55±2.22^*	136.25±3.98	149.62±3.98	141.27±2.22	143.38±2.23	142.36±2.23
36	149.23±3.88^**	137.43±3.55	164.37±3.55	141.96±3.88	159.47±3.96^*	151.28±3.96
39	161.47±2.23^*	138.45±2.66	168.39±2.66	150.22±2.23	170.25±3.74^**	155.33±3.74
42	157.36±4.65^**	140.71±4.74	164.96±4.74^**	145.63±4.65	173.74±4.11^**	150.46±4.11
45	145.33±6.18	141.33±4.67	143.00±5.57	108.33±3.51	151.00±4.73^**	113.00±3.90
48	162.67±4.26^**	135.67±2.60	168.00±3.51^*	134.33±14.67	161.33±5.70	140.33±3.18
51	159.00±2.08	130.33±1.45	165.33±1.45^**	127.33±11.20	159.33±6.36^*	139.00±0.58
54	169.33±4.81	140.67±3.84	155.67±18.48^*	147.00±3.79	165.33±6.12	148.33±1.45

繁育体系中育成期小鼠换笼周期及刨花垫料使用量的优化研究

Optimization of Cage-Changing Intervals and Wood Shavings Usage for Mice During the Growth Phase in Breeding Systems

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参考文献 21

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时间/d（日龄/d） Time/d (Age in days/d)	3 cm组垫料清洁度/分 Bedding cleanliness in the 3 cm group/points		4 cm组垫料清洁度/分 Bedding cleanliness in the 4 cm group/points		5 cm组垫料清洁度/分 Bedding cleanliness in the 5 cm group/points
时间/d（日龄/d） Time/d (Age in days/d)	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice
3 (24)	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00
6 (27)	2.30±0.57	2.00±0.00	2.00±0.00	2.00±0.00	2.00±0.00	2.00±0.00
9 (30)	2.60±0.57	2.30±0.57	2.30±0.57	2.30±0.57	2.00±0.00	2.00±0.00
12 (33)	3.30±0.57	3.00±0.00	2.30±0.57	2.30±0.57	2.30±0.57	2.30±0.57
15 (36)	4.30±0.57	4.30±0.57	3.60±0.57	3.30±0.57	3.00±0.00	3.00±0.00
18 (39)	4.60±0.57	4.60±0.57	4.30±0.57	4.00±0.00	3.60±0.57	3.30±0.57
21 (42)	5.00±0.00	5.00±0.00	5.00±0.00	5.00±0.00	4.00±0.00	4.00±0.00

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日龄/d Age in days/d	3 cm组污物量/g Waste load in the 3 cm group/g		4 cm组污物量/g Waste load in the 4 cm group/g		5 cm组污物量/g Waste load in the 5 cm group/g
日龄/d Age in days/d	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice
24	39.37±1.25	33.47±0.56	40.26±0.44	32.36±0.88	46.35±1.11	42.22±0.77
27	47.28±0.98	36.32±0.78	60.25±0.57	40.53±0.65	49.60±0.84	48.37±0.78
30	52.44±0.88	44.23±0.66	62.71±1.21	43.27±1.32	59.58±0.65	50.46±1.21
33	66.71±0.79	48.37±1.23	67.33±0.98	52.18±0.85	65.47±0.32	54.32±1.22
36	79.38±1.33^*	55.26±1.11	78.64±0.78^**	63.26±1.11	69.36±0.44^*	62.17±0.98
39	80.62±1.11^**	59.35±0.96	85.62±0.65	63.94±0.66	72.41±0.97^**	65.39±0.79
42	85.47±0.94^**	62.44±0.84	87.31±1.33^**	64.58±1.31	84.25±0.98^*	69.20±0.88
45	43.67±6.23	43.00±3.51	61.67±2.67^a	34.33±2.04	52.33±1.86	40.00±3.06
48	50.33±6.44	49.33±2.67	64.33±2.19^a	38.67±2.93	54.33±1.33	43.67±3.28
51	63.33±2.85	51.62±3.00	76.33±2.03^a	49.26±2.65	68.67±4.67	56.67±2.33
54	77.67±1.45	70.75±1.73	92.33±1.20^a	75.71±2.51	85.00±6.03	73.33±2.90

日龄/d Age in days/d	3 cm组污物量/g Waste load in the 3 cm group/g		4 cm组污物量/g Waste load in the 4 cm group/g		5 cm组污物量/g Waste load in the 5 cm group/g
日龄/d Age in days/d	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice	雄性小鼠 Male mice	雌性小鼠 Female mice
24	39.37±1.25	33.47±0.56	40.26±0.44	32.36±0.88	46.35±1.11	42.22±0.77
27	47.28±0.98	36.32±0.78	60.25±0.57	40.53±0.65	49.60±0.84	48.37±0.78
30	52.44±0.88	44.23±0.66	62.71±1.21	43.27±1.32	59.58±0.65	50.46±1.21
33	66.71±0.79	48.37±1.23	67.33±0.98	52.18±0.85	65.47±0.32	54.32±1.22
36	79.38±1.33^*	55.26±1.11	78.64±0.78^**	63.26±1.11	69.36±0.44^*	62.17±0.98
39	80.62±1.11^**	59.35±0.96	85.62±0.65	63.94±0.66	72.41±0.97^**	65.39±0.79
42	85.47±0.94^**	62.44±0.84	87.31±1.33^**	64.58±1.31	84.25±0.98^*	69.20±0.88
45	43.67±6.23	43.00±3.51	61.67±2.67^a	34.33±2.04	52.33±1.86	40.00±3.06
48	50.33±6.44	49.33±2.67	64.33±2.19^a	38.67±2.93	54.33±1.33	43.67±3.28
51	63.33±2.85	51.62±3.00	76.33±2.03^a	49.26±2.65	68.67±4.67	56.67±2.33
54	77.67±1.45	70.75±1.73	92.33±1.20^a	75.71±2.51	85.00±6.03	73.33±2.90