浅析果蝇与哺乳动物器官发育的进化保守性

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

果蝇（Drosophila）作为一种经典的模式生物，它在器官发育中所涉及的分子调控网络、信号通路转导及细胞命运决定机制等方面，均展现出与哺乳动物高度的进化保守性。本文围绕果蝇背血管（心脏）、脂肪体与绛色细胞（肝脏）、马氏管及肾原细胞（肾脏）和气管系统（肺脏）等主要器官或组织，通过多维度对比分析，深入解析了果蝇与哺乳动物在器官发生中核心调控通路、关键基因功能及细胞行为模式上的保守特征，明确了二者发育机制的同源性基础。结合具体的研究实例，进一步阐述了果蝇在人类心血管疾病、代谢性疾病、肾脏疾病及呼吸系统疾病等模型构建中的应用价值，及其在药物靶点高通量筛选、疾病致病机制解析，以及进化发育生物学理论体系完善中的独特作用。果蝇与哺乳动物核心发育调控机制的进化保守性搭建了从基础发育研究到人类疾病转化的关键桥梁，为深入解析人类复杂疾病的分子机制和开发新型治疗策略提供了重要理论支撑与技术平台，对推动发育生物学与转化医学的交叉融合具有重要意义。

关键词: 果蝇, 哺乳动物, 器官发育, 进化保守性

Abstract:

Drosophila， as a classic model organism， exhibits high evolutionary conservation with mammals in molecular regulatory networks， signal pathway transduction， and cell fate determination mechanisms involved in its organ development. Focusing on major organs of Drosophila including dorsal vessel （homologous to the mammalian heart）， fat body and oenocytes （liver）， Malpighian tubules and nephrocytes （kidney）， and tracheal system （lung）， this study deeply analyzes conservative characteristics in core regulatory pathways， key gene functions， and cellular behavioral patterns during organogenesis between Drosophila and mammals through multi-dimensional comparative analysis， clarifying the homologous basis of their developmental mechanisms. Integrating specific research examples， it further elaborates the application value of Drosophila in constructing models for human cardiovascular diseases， metabolic disorders， kidney diseases， and respiratory diseases， as well as its unique role in high-throughput screening of drug targets， analysis of disease pathogenic mechanisms， and improvement of the theoretical system of evolutionary developmental biology. The evolutionary conservation of core developmental regulatory mechanisms between Drosophila and mammals has built a key bridge from basic developmental research to human disease translation， providing important theoretical support and a technical platform for in-depth analysis of the molecular mechanisms of complex human diseases and development of novel therapeutic strategies， and holding great significance for promoting interdisciplinary integration of developmental biology and translational medicine.

Key words: Drosophila, Mammals, Organ development, Evolutionary conservation

中图分类号:

Q964

高英豪,吴薇. 浅析果蝇与哺乳动物器官发育的进化保守性[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(6): 719-725. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.126.

GAO Yinghao,WU Wei. Evolutionary Conservation of Organ Development between Drosophila and Mammals[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2025, 45(6): 719-725. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.126.

图/表 1

图1 果蝇器官或组织的结构示意图注：A，果蝇主要器官或组织的结构示意图；B，果蝇背血管的结构示意图；C，果蝇幼虫脂肪体和绛色细胞示意图；D，果蝇马氏管的结构示意图；E，果蝇幼虫气管的结构示意图。

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of organs or tissues of DrosophilaNote： A， Schematic diagram of main organs or tissues of Drosophila； B， Schematic diagram of the dorsal vessel structure of Drosophila； C， Schematic diagram of Drosophila larval fat body and oenocytes； D， Schematic diagram of Drosophila Malpighian tubule； E， Schematic diagram of tracheal structure of Drosophila larvae.

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