小胶质细胞在焦虑症发病过程中作用及其机制研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2020.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,焦虑症发病率逐年上升,但目前仍存在发病机制不清、治疗效果不理想等问题。小胶质细胞(MG)是一种广泛分布于中枢神经系统的固有免疫细胞,参与了中枢神经系统的免疫过程。越来越多的研究表明,过度激活的MG在焦虑症的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用。应激状态下激活的MG按其功能被分为经典激活型(M1)和延迟型(M2)两种极化表型,MI型MG可通过诱导免疫紊乱、影响神经递质释放、改变神经元信号传导、激活内分泌系统等途径促进焦虑的发生发展;而M2型MG则具有促进神经再生、血管生成、髓鞘再生等达到缓解焦虑的作用。对MG功能的研究有望发现焦虑症的新机制,且有目的的诱导MG向M2型转化,可能是治疗焦虑症的思路之一。

关键词: 小胶质细胞(MG), 焦虑, 神经递质, 炎症, 内分泌

Abstract: Recently, the incidence of anxiety has increased, but its pathogenesis is still unclear and treatment results are unsatisfied. Microglia (MG) are innate immune cells which are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in the immune process of CNS. Increasing studies have shown that over-activated MG play an important role in the development of anxiety. Stress-activated MG are divided into 2 polarization phenotypes: Classical activated MG (M1) and alternatively activated microglia (M2) according to their functions. M1 can promote the development of anxiety by inducing immune disorders, affecting neurotransmitter release, altering neuronal signaling, and activating endocrine systems; while M2 have the effects of promoting nerve regeneration, angiogenesis, remyelination to relieve anxiety.The study of MG function is expected to find a new perspective in mechanism of anxiety, and inducing the transformation of MG to M2 may be potentially benefited for the treatment of anxiety.

Key words: Microglia (MG), Anxiety, Neurotransmitter, Inflammation, Endocrine

中图分类号:

749.72Q95-33

陆登成, 石安华, 陈帅, 韦姗姗. 小胶质细胞在焦虑症发病过程中作用及其机制研究进展[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2020, 40(1): 80-86.

LU Dengcheng, SHI Anhua, CHEN Shuai, WEI ShanShan. Microglia and Anxiety: The Key Role and Mechanism[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2020, 40(1): 80-86.

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