基于人工智能的外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式的构建及实践

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.080

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 288-296.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.080

基于人工智能的外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式的构建及实践

茅凯凯¹, 李秀¹, 周晨¹, 桑剑锋², 王萌³, 张广⁴()(), 赵晓智¹()()

^1.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院教育处, 南京 210008
^2.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院甲状腺外科, 南京 210008
^3.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院胃与疝外科, 南京 210008
^4.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院肝胆与肝移植外科, 南京 210008

收稿日期:2025-05-26 修回日期:2025-08-19 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-18
通讯作者: 赵晓智（1981—），男，博士，主任医师，研究方向：男科学和医学教育。E-mail： zhaoxz@nju.edu.cn。ORCID： 0009-0002-7449-9919
张广（1987—），男，博士，主治医师，研究方向：肝胆外科和医学教育。E-mail： zhangguang5566@163.com。ORCID： 0000-0002-8392-9899
作者简介:茅凯凯（1991—），男，硕士，助理研究员，研究方向：医学教育和人工智能。E-mail： glyyjyc2016@163.com
基金资助:
2024年江苏省高等教育学会《江苏高教》专项课题“医教协同下医学院附属医院临床医师脱产教学模式创新与实践——对医学教育质量提升效应的研究”(2024JSGJ16);2025年江苏省高等教育教改研究课题“新医科背景下医工交叉驱动的临床操作技能智能教评模式研究——视觉识别与传感技术在模拟教学中的应用探索”(2025JGYB335)

Construction and Practice of AI-Based Triadic Interactive Teaching Model for Surgical Animal Surgery

MAO Kaikai¹, LI Xiu¹, ZHOU Chen¹, SANG Jianfeng², WANG Meng³, ZHANG Guang⁴()(), ZHAO Xiaozhi¹()()

^1.Department of Education, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
^2.Department of Thyroid Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
^3.Department of Gastric and Hernia Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
^4.Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China

Received:2025-05-26 Revised:2025-08-19 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-18
Contact:
ZHAO Xiaozhi (ORCID: 0009-0002-7449-9919), E-mail: zhaoxz@nju.edu.cn

ZHANG Guang (ORCID: 0000-0002-8392-9899), E-mail: zhangguang5566@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的在教育数字化转型的背景下，构建基于现代信息技术的临床医学专业外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式，探索不同教学方法对提升学生实践操作技能、无菌观念、团队协作能力的应用效果，为临床医学实践教育改革提供参考。方法采用准实验研究方法，选取南京大学临床医学八年制 2020 级（对照组，n=40）与2021级（试验组，n=40）共80名学生为研究对象。对照组采用传统教学法；试验组则应用“教师-学生-AI”三元交互教学模式，依托智慧教学平台进行课前个性化预习和课后数据驱动的复盘反馈全流程教学。采用“外科动物手术学课程考核指标及评分细则”对2组学生的教学效果进行考核，并使用独立样本t检验进行统计学分析。结果课前评估显示，2组学生在理论与技能基线水平的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。课程结束后，试验组在操作技能（47.98±1.34 vs 46.92±2.51，P=0.022）、无菌观念（17.84±1.16 vs 16.94±2.29，P=0.029）和团队协作（16.82±1.44 vs 15.95±1.22，P=0.004）3个维度的评分均高于对照组。爱伤观念评分维度，2组学生得分的差异无统计学意义（8.24±0.70 vs 8.16±0.53，P=0.589）。结论基于人工智能的“三元交互”教学模式，可在一定程度上弥补传统外科动物手术学教学的短板，对提升医学生外科操作技能、无菌观念与团队协作能力具有积极作用。“三元交互”教学模式推动传统教学向个性化教学转型，为临床医学实践教育的数字化改革提供了可参考的实践方案。

关键词: 外科动物手术学, 三元交互, 教育数字化, 临床医学教育

Abstract:

Objective In the context of the digital transformation of education, this study aims to construct a triadic interactive teaching model for surgical animal surgery in clinical medicine using modern information technology. It explores the effectiveness of different teaching methods in improving students' practical skills, aseptic awareness, and teamwork abilities, providing a reference for the reform of clinical practice education. Methods A quasi-experimental research design was adopted. A total of 80 students from the eight-year clinical medicine program at Nanjing University were selected, including the Class of 2020 (control group, n=40) and the Class of 2021 (experimental group, n=40). The control group received traditional teaching methods, while the experimental group implemented the "Teacher-Student-AI" triadic interactive teaching model. This model utilized a smart teaching platform for personalized pre-class preparation, as well as data-driven post-class review and feedback throughout the entire teaching process. The "assessment indicators and scoring criteria for the surgical animal surgery course" were used to evaluate teaching effectiveness, with independent samples t-tests used for statistical analysis. Results Pre-course assessments revealed no statistically significant differences in baseline theoretical knowledge or practical skills between the two groups (P>0.05). Upon completion of the course, the experimental group achieved higher scores than the control group across three key dimensions: practical skills (47.98±1.34 vs 46.92±2.51, P=0.022), aseptic awareness (17.84±1.16 vs 16.94±2.29, P=0.029), and teamwork (16.82±1.44 vs 15.95±1.22, P=0.004). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the scores for humane care awareness between the two groups (8.24±0.70 vs 8.16±0.53, P=0.589). Conclusion The AI-based triadic interactive teaching model can, to some extent, address the limitations of traditional surgical animal surgery education. It plays a positive role in enhancing medical students' surgical skills, aseptic awareness, and collaborative abilities. This model facilitates the transition from traditional to personalized teaching and offers a practical framework for the digital reform of clinical practice education.

Key words: Surgical animal surgery, Triadic interaction, Digitalization of education, Clinical medical education

中图分类号:

G642

茅凯凯,李秀,周晨,等. 基于人工智能的外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式的构建及实践[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2026, 46(2): 288-296. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.080.

MAO Kaikai,LI Xiu,ZHOU Chen,et al. Construction and Practice of AI-Based Triadic Interactive Teaching Model for Surgical Animal Surgery[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(2): 288-296. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.080.

图/表 5

图1 外科动物手术学知识图谱

Figure 1 Knowledge graph of surgical animal surgery

图2 外科动物手术学学习流程图

Figure 2 Flowchart of surgical animal surgery learning process

图3 外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式对照组和试验组的教学流程图

Figure 3 Teaching flowchart of triadic interactive teaching model for control and experimental groups in surgical animal surgery

图4 外科动物手术学课程考核指标及评分细则（以胃空肠吻合术的评分表为例）

Figure 4 Assessment indicators and scoring rubrics for surgical animal surgery course （taking scoring sheet for gastrojejunostomy as an example）

表1 外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式对照组和试验组课前和课后测评数据的t检验结果 (

，n=40)

Table 1 t-test results of pre- and post-course assessment scores for control and experimental groups under triadic interactive teaching model in surgical animal surgery

，n=40)
">

测试指标 Test indicator	基本理论知识（100分）/分 Basic theoretical knowledge(100 points)/point	基本外科操作技能水平（100分）/分 Basic surgical operational skill level(100 points)/point	操作技能（50分）/分 Operational skill (50 points)/point	无菌观念（20分）/分 Aseptic awareness (20 points)/point	团队协作（20分）/分 Teamwork (20 points)/point	爱伤观念（10分）/分 Humane care awareness (10 points)/point
对照组 Control group	86.33±3.08	89.32±4.44	46.92±2.51	16.94±2.29	15.95±1.22	8.16±0.53
试验组 Experimental group	87.16±4.80	90.29±4.42	47.98±1.34	17.84±1.16	16.82±1.44	8.24±0.70
t	-0.920	-0.982	-2.344	-2.240	-2.937	-0.543
P	0.361	0.329	0.022^*	0.029^*	0.004^**	0.589

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基于人工智能的外科动物手术学“三元交互”教学模式的构建及实践

Construction and Practice of AI-Based Triadic Interactive Teaching Model for Surgical Animal Surgery

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