2020—2024年江西省实验动物的微生物、寄生虫检测结果分析

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.079

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的通过分析2020—2024年江西省实验动物生产单位所生产实验动物的微生物和寄生虫检测结果，了解江西省实验动物生产的质量控制现状，为进一步加强实验动物质量控制提供参考依据。方法按照检测时所施行的实验动物国家标准，2020—2024年江西省实验动物质量检测站（依托于江西省职业病防治研究院）对江西省内6家实验动物生产单位的4种（共计451只）实验动物进行微生物和寄生虫检测，并对省内实验动物的质量状况进行了分析。结果小鼠方面：2020年有1份样本检出嗜肺巴斯德杆菌，检出率为5.00%；2023年有1份样本检出绿脓杆菌，另有1份样本检出小鼠肝炎病毒抗体，检出率均为2.78%；2021年、2022年及2024年均未检出国家标准中SPF级小鼠应排除的微生物和寄生虫，合格率均为100.00%。大鼠方面：2020年有4份样本检出嗜肺巴斯德杆菌，检出率为20.00%；2021年有2份样本检出绿脓杆菌，检出率均为10.00%；2024年有4份样本检出泰泽病原体抗体，检出率为10.00%；2022年和2023年未检出国家标准中SPF级大鼠应排除的微生物和寄生虫，合格率为100.00%。兔和豚鼠方面：2020—2024年均未检出国家标准中规定的普通级兔和豚鼠需检测的微生物和寄生虫，这五年间两种动物的合格率均为100.00%。结论从微生物和寄生虫检测结果看，江西省内实验兔和豚鼠的质量较好，但大鼠和小鼠仍存在一些问题。建议通过增加对实验动物质量检测单位的抽检次数或增强实验动物生产单位和使用单位的自检能力，进一步提高江西省实验动物质量。

关键词: 江西省, 实验动物, 质量检测, 微生物, 寄生虫

Abstract:

Objective To assess the current status of microbial and parasitic quality control for laboratory animals in Jiangxi Province by analyzing microbiological and parasitic test results from production facilities between 2020 and 2024, and to provide a basis for enhancing quality control measures. Methods In accordance with the current national standards for laboratory animals at the time of testing, the Jiangxi Provincial Laboratory Animal Quality Inspection Station (affiliated to Institute of Occupational Medicine of Jiangxi) conducted microbial and parasitic testing on 451 laboratory animals of 4 species from 6 laboratory animal production units in Jiangxi Province between 2020 and 2024, and analyzed the quality status of laboratory animals in the province. Results Pasteurella pneumotropica was detected in one mouse sample in 2020, with a detection rate of 5.00%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in one mouse sample and mouse hepatitis virus antibody was detected in another mouse sample in 2023, with a detection rate of 2.78%, respectively. No microorganisms or parasites that should be excluded from SPF grade mice as specified in the national standards were detected in 2021, 2022, or 2024, with a qualification rate of 100.00%. Pasteurella pneumotropica was detected in four rat samples in 2020, with a detection rate of 20.00%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in two rat samples in 2021, with a detection rate of 10.00%, and Tyzzer's disease agent antibody was detected in four rat samples in 2024, with a detection rate of 10.00%. No microorganisms or parasites that should be excluded from SPF grade rats as specified in the national standards were detected in 2022 or 2023, with a qualification rate of 100.00%. For rabbits and guinea pigs, no microorganisms or parasites required to be tested for conventional grade rabbits and guinea pigs as specified in the national standards were detected from 2020 to 2024, with the qualification rate of both species reaching 100.00%. Conclusion Based on the microbial and parasitic testing results, the quality of rabbits and guinea pigs in Jiangxi Province is satisfactory. However, some issues persist with rats and mice. It is recommended to enhance the quality of experimental animals in Jiangxi Province by increasing the frequency of random inspections by quality testing units or by improving the self-inspection capabilities of production and user facilities.

Key words: Jiangxi Province, Laboratory animals, Quality testing, Microorganisms, Parasites

中图分类号:

Q95-33

肖芳平,熊莉娟,贾菠,等. 2020—2024年江西省实验动物的微生物、寄生虫检测结果分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2026, 46(1): 119-126. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.079.

XIAO Fangping,XIONG Lijuan,JIA Bo,et al. Analysis of Microbiological and Parasitic Testing Results for Laboratory Animals in Jiangxi Province, 2020-2024[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(1): 119-126. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.079.

图/表 4

参考文献 48

[1]	国家科学技术委员会. 实验动物管理条例(第3次修订)[A/OL]. (2017-03-01)[2022-01-10]. .
	National Science and Technology Commission. Regulations on the administration of laboratory animals (Third Amendment) [A/OL]. (2017-03-01)[2022-01-10]. .
[2]	张志妮, 杨力衡, 严楚, 等. 高校实验动物中心动物质量控制研究与创新实践[J]. 中国比较医学杂志, 2022, 32(12): 77-81. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7856.2022.12.010 .
	ZHANG Z N, YANG L H, YAN C, et al. Research and innovation in the practice of animal quality control in a university laboratory animal center[J]. Chin J Comp Med, 2022, 32(12): 77-81. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7856.2022.12.010 .
[3]	张静, 刘苗苗, 唐倩倩, 等. 实验动物质量保障体系和服务体系建设[J]. 实验动物科学, 2023, 40(4): 62-68. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2023.04.012 .
	ZHANG J, LIU M M, TANG Q Q, et al. Construction of laboratory animal quality assurance and service system[J]. Lab Anim Sci, 2023, 40(4): 62-68. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2023.04.012 .
[4]	YOSHIKI A, BALLARD G, PEREZ A V. Genetic quality: a complex issue for experimental study reproducibility[J]. Transgenic Res, 2022, 31(4-5):413-430. DOI:10.1007/s11248-022-00314-w .
[5]	胡小林. 实验动物生物安全风险及管理对策[J/OL]. 畜牧兽医科学(电子版), 2019(6):26-27. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2019.06.015 .
	HU X L. Biosafety risks and management countermeasures of experimental animals[J/OL]. Graziery Vet Sci (Electron Ver), 2019(6):26-27. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3637.2019.06.015 .
[6]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物寄生虫学等级及监测: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Laboratory animal—Parasitological standards and monitoring: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[7]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. 实验动物微生物学等级及监测: [S/OL]. (2011-06-16)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Laboratory animal—Microbiological standards and monitoring: [S/OL]. (2011-06-16)[2025-05-23]. .
[8]	国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 实验动物微生物、寄生虫学等级及监测: [S/OL]. (2022-12-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Administration. Laboratory animal—Microbiological and parasitological standards and monitoring: [S/OL]. (2022-12-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[9]	郭连香. 实验动物微生物、寄生虫学等级及监测标准的变化及与国外标准的比较[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2023, 43(4): 339-346. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.088 .
	GUO L X. Revision of standards for microbiological and parasitological grades in laboratory animals and its comparison to foreign standards[J]. Lab Anim Comp Med, 2023, 43(4): 339-346. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.088 .
[10]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物沙门菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofsalmonella sp: . [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[11]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物支原体检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofMycoplasma sp: . [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[12]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物鼠棒状杆菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofCorynebacterium kutscheri: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[13]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物泰泽病原体检测方法: [S/OL]. (2008-12-03)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of Tyzzer's organism: [S/OL]. (2008-12-03) [2025-05-23]. .
[14]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物嗜肺巴斯德杆菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofPasteurella pneumotropica: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[15]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物肺炎克雷伯杆菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofKlebsiella pneumonia: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[16]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物金黄色葡萄球菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofStaphylococcus aureus: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[17]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物绿脓杆菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofPseudomonas aeruginosa: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[18]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物支气管鲍特杆菌检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination ofBordetella bronchiseptica: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[19]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物鼠痘病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of Ectromelia virus(Ect..): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[20]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物小鼠肝炎病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of mouse hepatitis virus(): GB 14926.22—2001[S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[21]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物仙台病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of Sendai virus(SV): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[22]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物小鼠肺炎病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of pneumonia virus of mice(PVM): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[23]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物呼肠孤病毒Ⅲ型检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of reovirus 3 (Reo 3): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[24]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物小鼠细小病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of minute virus of mice(MVM): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[25]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物汉坦病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of Hantavirus(HV): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[26]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物大鼠细小病毒(KRV和H-1株)检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of rat parvovirus (KRV and H-1 strain): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[27]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物大鼠冠状病毒/延泪腺炎病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of rat corona virus (RCV)/sialodacryoadenitis virus (S ): GB 14926.32—2001[S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[28]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物兔出血症病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2008-12-10)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV): [S/OL]. (2008-12-10) [2025-05-23]. .
[29]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV): [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[30]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物体外寄生虫检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examinationof ectoparasites: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[31]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物弓形虫检测方法: [S/OL]. (2008-12-03)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination oftoxoplasma gondii: [S/OL]. (2008-12-03) [2025-05-23]. .
[32]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物蠕虫检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of helminth: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[33]	国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 实验动物肠道鞭毛虫和纤毛虫检测方法: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
	State Administration for Market Regulation. Laboratory animal—Method for examination of Flagellata and ciliata: [S/OL]. (2001-08-29)[2025-05-23]. .
[34]	褚芳, 罗小泉, 许宝华, 等. 江西省实验动物科技发展回顾与思考[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2022, 42(1): 11-17. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.189 .
	CHU F, LUO X Q, XU B H, et al. Development of laboratory animal science and technology in Jiangxi Province: review and reflection[J]. Lab Anim Comp Med, 2022, 42(1): 11-17. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2021.189 .
[35]	刘丽达, 陈兵, 谢娜, 等. 2017—2023年四川省实验动物寄生虫和微生物质量抽检报告分析[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(6): 654-660. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.057 .
	LIU L D, CHEN B, XIE N, et al. Survey report analysis on parasitic and microbial quality of laboratory animals in Sichuan Province, 2017-2023[J]. Lab Anim Comp Med, 2024, 44(6): 654-660. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.057 .
[36]	吴朋朋, 张彩勤, 赵勇, 等. 2017—2021年陕西省实验动物使用单位SPF级大、小鼠质量监测结果分析与评估[J]. 中国比较医学杂志, 2023, 33(1): 70-77. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7856. 2023. 01.009 .
	WU P P, ZHANG C Q, ZHAO Y, et al. Analysis and evaluation of quality monitoring results of SPF rats and mice in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2021[J]. Chin J Comp Med, 2023, 33(1): 70-77. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7856.2023.01.009 .
[37]	潘金春, 赵维波, 陈梅玲, 等. 2013年~2015年广东地区实验小鼠和大鼠微生物学及寄生虫学调查[J]. 中国比较医学杂志, 2017, 27(2): 64-69, 85. DOI:10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856.2017.02.012 .
	PAN J C, ZHAO W B, CHEN M L, et al. Microbiological and parasitological investigation in laboratory mice and rats in Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2015[J]. Chin J Comp Med, 2017, 27(2): 64-69, 85. DOI:10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856.2017.02.012 .
[38]	魏杰, 黄健, 刘文菊, 等. 2017—2019年北京地区实验动物质量抽检结果分析[J]. 实验动物科学, 2021, 38(5):19-27, 58. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2021.05.005 .
	WEI J, HUANG J, LIU W J, et al. Analysis of random testing results of laboratory animals in Beijing area from 2017 to 2019[J]. Lab Anim Sci, 2021, 38(5):19-27, 58. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2021.05.005 .
[39]	黄缨, 韦思羽, 蔡莉, 等. 供应商来源的实验大鼠和小鼠微生物监测结果分析: 以复旦大学实验动物科学部为例[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2023, 43(4): 347-354. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.060 .
	HUANG Y, WEI S Y, CAI L, et al. Microbiological monitoring analysis of laboratory rats and mice from vendors: department of laboratory animal science of fudan university as an example[J]. Lab Anim Comp Med, 2023, 43(4): 347-354. DOI:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.060 .
[40]	RICHTER M, ROSSELLÓ-MÓRA R. Shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106(45): 19126-19131. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906412106 .
[41]	GORIS J, KONSTANTINIDIS K T, KLAPPENBACH J A, et al. DNA-DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities[J]. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2007, 57(Pt 1): 81-91. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64483-0 .
[42]	苏磊, 熊莉娟, 张丽芳, 等. 国家病原微生物资源库对一株嗜肺啮齿杆菌的标准化鉴定与收录[J]. 中国比较医学杂志, 2023, 33(4):36-42. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7856.2023.04.005 .
	SU L, XIONG L J, ZHANG L F, et al. Standardized identification and inclusion of a strain of Rodentibacter pneumotropicus in a national pathogenic microorganism resource database[J]. Chin J Comp Med, 2023, 33(4):36-42. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-7856.2023.04.005 .
[43]	刘文涛, 罗艳红, 龙永霞, 等. 四川省实验动物设施常见环境问题及检测经验[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(4): 483-489. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.142 .
	LIU W T, LUO Y H, LONG Y X, et al. Common environmental problems and testing experiences in laboratory animal facilities in Sichuan Province[J]. Lab Anim Comp Med, 2025, 45(4): 483-489. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.142 .
[44]	王朝霞, 蒋兴浩. 高校实验动物的传染源防控措施研究与实践[J]. 实验技术与管理, 2020, 37(3):9-12. DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2020.03.002 .
	WANG Z X, JIANG X H. Research and practice on prevention and control measures of infectious sources of university laboratory animals[J]. Exp Technol Manag, 2020, 37(3):9-12. DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2020.03.002 .
[45]	江西省市场监督管理局. 实验动物小鼠肝炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法: [S/OL]. (2023-12-11)[2025-05-23]. .
	Market Supervision Administration of Jiangxi Province. Laboratory animal—Real-time quantitative PCR method for examination of mouse hepatitis virus: [S/OL]. (2023-12-11)[2025-05-23]. .
[46]	江西省市场监督管理局. 实验动物嗜肺巴斯德杆菌荧光定量PCR检测方法: [S/OL]. (2023-12-11). .
	Market Supervision Administration of Jiangxi Province, Laboratory animal—Real-time quantitative PCR method for examination ofpasturella pneumotropica: [S/OL]. (2023-12-11)[2025-05-23]. .
[47]	江西省市场监督管理局. 实验动物支原体荧光定量PCR检测方法: [S/OL]. (2023-12-11)[2025-05-23]. .
	Market Supervision Administration of Jiangxi Province, Laboratory animal—Real-time quantitative PCR method for examination of mycoplasma: [S/OL]. (2023-12-11)[2025-05-23]. .
[48]	李楠, 王天奇, 张长勇, 等. 动物实验质量标准化控制及北京市新地方标准解读[J]. 实验动物科学, 2023, 40(3): 80-83. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2023.03.013 .
	LI N, WANG T Q, ZHANG C Y, et al. Standardized control of animal experiment quality and interpretation of the new local standards in Beijing[J]. Lab Anim Sci, 2023, 40(3): 80-83. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6179.2023.03.013 .

年份 Year	国家标准依据 National standard (GB) basis	被检单位数量 Number of inspected units	被检单位代号 Codes of the inspected units	被检动物数量/只 Number of tested laboratory animals
年份 Year	国家标准依据 National standard (GB) basis	被检单位数量 Number of inspected units	被检单位代号 Codes of the inspected units	小鼠 Mouse	大鼠 Rat	兔 Rabbit	豚鼠 Guinea pig
2020	参考文献[6-7]	3	a、b、c	20	20	10	NA
2021	参考文献[6-7]	4	a、b、c、d	20	20	10	10
2022	参考文献[6-7]	4	b、c、d、e	15	15	20	10
2023	参考文献[6-7]^▲；参考文献[8]^▽	4	b、c、d、e	36	30	30	20
2024	参考文献[8]	5	b、c、d、e、f	65	40	40	20
总计Total				156	125	110	60

年份 Year	国家标准依据 National standard (GB) basis	被检单位数量 Number of inspected units	被检单位代号 Codes of the inspected units	被检动物数量/只 Number of tested laboratory animals
年份 Year	国家标准依据 National standard (GB) basis	被检单位数量 Number of inspected units	被检单位代号 Codes of the inspected units	小鼠 Mouse	大鼠 Rat	兔 Rabbit	豚鼠 Guinea pig
2020	参考文献[6-7]	3	a、b、c	20	20	10	NA
2021	参考文献[6-7]	4	a、b、c、d	20	20	10	10
2022	参考文献[6-7]	4	b、c、d、e	15	15	20	10
2023	参考文献[6-7]^▲；参考文献[8]^▽	4	b、c、d、e	36	30	30	20
2024	参考文献[8]	5	b、c、d、e、f	65	40	40	20
总计Total				156	125	110	60