美洲大蠊作为实验用动物模型的研究进展

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.110

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 794-802.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.110

• 无脊椎实验动物：蜚蠊 • 上一篇下一篇

美洲大蠊作为实验用动物模型的研究进展

周冠宇, 朱仕明()(), 刘方方()()

华南师范大学生命科学学院, 昆虫科学与技术研究所, 广东省昆虫发育生物学与应用技术重点实验室, 广州市昆虫发育调控与应用研究重点实验室, 广州 510631

收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-10-08 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-19
通讯作者: 刘方方（1991—），女，博士，助理研究员，研究方向：昆虫发育可塑性机制。E-mail：2018010175@m.scnu.edu.cn。ORCID：0009-0003-4446-0797；
朱仕明（1989—），男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：昆虫保幼激素功能及其合成调控机制。E-mail：himingzhu@m.scnu.edu.cn。ORCID： 0000-0002-5271-1029
作者简介:周冠宇（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向：动物学。E-mail： 2024023142@m.scnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“NFYB在蜕皮周期内时空特异性促进美洲大蠊脂肪体和翅芽的生长”(32400402);国家自然科学基金项目“美洲大蠊LRP1介导心侧体-咽侧体脂质摄取和转运促进保幼激素合成”(32570603);广州市青年博士“启航”项目“转录因子NFYB调控肠道功能介导美洲大蠊存活的机制”(2025A04J3337)

Research Advances on Periplaneta americana as an Experimental Animal Model

ZHOU Guanyu, ZHU Shiming()(), LIU Fangfang()()

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China

Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-10-08 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-19
Contact: ZHU Shiming (ORCID: 0000-0002-5271-1029), E-mail: shimingzhu@m.scnu.edu.cn
LIU Fangfang (ORCID: 0009-0003-4446-0797), E-mail: 2018010175@m.scnu.edu.cn;

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

美洲大蠊（Periplaneta americana）作为蜚蠊目代表性物种和现存最古老的昆虫类群之一，凭借极强的环境适应性、繁殖力、发育可塑性及对RNA干扰（RNA interference， RNAi）技术的高度敏感性，正逐渐由卫生害虫发展为发育生物学与再生医学的新兴实验用动物模型。本综述旨在系统整合美洲大蠊在生物学特性、基因组资源、发育调控机制及应用价值方面的最新研究进展，以拓展其在基础研究与转化医学中的应用潜力，从以下几个方面阐明：（1）概述了美洲大蠊的生物学特性及其标准化的实验室饲养体系，为其作为稳定实验模型奠定了基础。（2）阐述高质量基因组图谱的解析成果，揭示了重复序列驱动扩张的进化特征，以及代谢与应激相应基因家族的显著扩增与其强大环境适应性的关联。（3）在发育生物学方面，总结了蜕皮激素（20-hydroxyecdysone，20E）与保幼激素（juvenile hormone，JH）的动态平衡如何主导蜕皮与变态可塑性，胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子信号（insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling，IIS）通路与雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1（target of rapamycin complex 1，TORC1）通路如何整合营养信号调控发育速率，以及JH通过多重机制如何精细协调高效生殖的调控网络。（4）详述了美洲大蠊卓越的肢体再生能力及其背后保守通路与新型调控因子的协同作用。（5）在环境适应机制方面，突出了解毒相关基因家族与先天免疫通路的显著扩张，以及JH介导的性别二态性应激响应特征。（6）探讨了美洲大蠊在传统药物开发（如康复新液）和过敏原精准诊断等方面的应用价值，并展望了其未来研究方向。尽管面临遗传操作工具不足等技术挑战，通过多组学技术的深度整合与基因编辑工具的开发，使美洲大蠊模型在揭示发育可塑性、再生机制及害虫防控新靶点等领域有望发挥更重要的作用。

关键词: 美洲大蠊, 实验用动物, 发育调控, 应用价值, 昆虫

Abstract:

The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana), as a representative species of Blattodea and one of the most ancient extant insect groups, is gradually developing from a public-health pest into an emerging experimental animal model in developmental biology and regenerative medicine, due to its remarkable environmental adaptability, fecundity, developmental plasticity, and high sensitivity to RNA interference (RNAi). This review aims to systematically integrate the latest research advances in biological characteristics, genomic resources, developmental regulatory mechanisms, and application value of P. americana, to expand its application potential in basic research and translational medicine, elucidating following aspects: (1) Biological traits of P. americana and its standardized laboratory rearing protocols are outlined, laying a foundation for its use as a stable experimental model. (2) Analysis results of high-quality genome sequencing are elaborated, revealing evolutionary characteristics of repeat sequence-driven expansion and association between significant expansion of metabolism and stress response gene families and their strong environmental adaptation. (3) In developmental biology, the review summarizes how dynamic balance between 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) governs molting and metamorphic plasticity, how insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway and target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway integrate nutritional signals to regulate developmental rate, and how JH precisely coordinates efficient reproduction regulatory network through multiple mechanisms. (4) The exceptional limb regeneration capacity of P. americana and synergistic effects of conserved pathways and novel regulatory factors behind it are detailed. (5) Concerning environmental adaptation mechanisms, the significant expansion of detoxification-related gene families and innate immune pathways, and JH-mediated sexually dimorphic stress response characteristics are highlighted. (6) The application value of P. americana in traditional drug development (e.g., Kangfuxin Liquid) and precise allergen diagnostics is discussed, and future research directions are prospected. Although technical challenges such as insufficient genetic manipulation tools exist, through deep integration of multi-omics technologies and development of gene-editing tools, P. americana model is expected to play a more significant role in revealing developmental plasticity, regeneration mechanisms, and new targets for pest control.

Key words: Periplaneta americana, Experimental animal, Developmental regulation, Application value, Insect

中图分类号:

Q95-33

周冠宇,朱仕明,刘方方. 美洲大蠊作为实验用动物模型的研究进展[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(6): 794-802. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.110.

ZHOU Guanyu,ZHU Shiming,LIU Fangfang. Research Advances on Periplaneta americana as an Experimental Animal Model[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2025, 45(6): 794-802. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.110.

图/表 1

图1 美洲大蠊生殖调控模式图注：在咽侧体中，脑源神经肽allatostatin抑制JH合成，而IIS-TORC1信号促进JH合成；从咽侧体合成的JH分泌到血淋巴后，促进脂肪体的卵黄发生过程，进而生成Vg蛋白；Vg蛋白经运输到达卵母细胞并被其吸收，最终促进卵巢发育成熟。allatostatin，抑咽侧体神经肽；IIS，胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子信号；TORC1，雷帕霉素靶蛋白复合物1；JH，保幼激素；vitellogenesis，卵黄发生；Vg，卵黄原蛋白。

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of reproductive regulation in P. americanaNote： In corpora allata， brain-derived neuropeptide allatostatin inhibits JH biosynthesis， while IIS-TORC1 signaling promotes JH biosynthesis； The synthesized JH is secreted into the hemolymph， and it promotes the vitellogenesis process in the fat body， thereby generating Vg protein； The Vg protein is transported to oocytes and absorbed by them， ultimately promoting ovarian development and maturation. IIS， insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling； TORC1， target of rapamycin complex 1； JH， juvenile hormone； Vg， vitellogenin.

参考文献 50

[1]	VRŠANSKÝ P, KAZIMÍROVÁ M. Cockroaches in time - 315 million years of ecosystem challenges[J]. Biologia, 2023, 78(6):1425-1427. DOI:10.1007/s11756-023-01383-w .
[2]	LI S, ZHU S M, JIA Q Q, et al. The genomic and functional landscapes of developmental plasticity in the American cockroach[J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1):1008. DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-03281-1 .
[3]	BELL W J, ADIYODI K G. The American cockroach[M]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1982, 1-3. DOI:10.1007/978-94-009-5827-2 .
[4]	LIN L G, WEN J Z, LI S, et al. Life-history traits from embryonic development to reproduction in the American cockroach[J]. Insects, 2022, 13(6):551. DOI:10.3390/insects13060551 .
[5]	ZHU S M, LIU F F, ZENG H C, et al. Insulin/IGF signaling and TORC1 promote vitellogenesis via inducing juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the American cockroach[J]. Development, 2020, 147(20):dev188805. DOI:10.1242/dev.188805 .
[6]	MIRA A, RAUBENHEIMER D. Divergent nutrition-related adaptations in two cockroach populations inhabiting different environments[J]. Physiol Entomol, 2002, 27(4):330-339. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-3032.2002.00306.x .
[7]	ESPERK T, TAMMARU T, NYLIN S. Intraspecific variability in number of larval instars in insects[J]. J Econ Entomol, 2007, 100(3):627-645. DOI:10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100 [627:ivinol]2.0.co;2.
[8]	LIU F F, YU S X, CHEN N, et al. Nutrition- and hormone-controlled developmental plasticity in blattodea[J]. Curr Opin Insect Sci, 2023, 60:101128. DOI:10.1016/j.cois.2023.101128 .
[9]	XIAN X F. Effects of mating on oviposition, and possibility of parthenogenesis of three domestic cockroach species, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana; the Smoky brown cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa; and the German cockroach, Blattella germanica [J]. Med Entomol Zool, 1998, 49(1):27-32. DOI:10.7601/mez.49.27_1 .
[10]	DU E X, WANG S, LUAN Y X, et al. Convergent adaptation of cotheca formation as a reproductive strategy in polyneoptera[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2022, 39(3):msac042. DOI:10.1093/molbev/msac042 .
[11]	REN C H, CHEN N, LI S. Harnessing ＂little mighty＂ cock-roaches: Pest management and beneficial utilization[J]. Innovation, 2023, 4(6):100531. DOI:10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100531 .
[12]	WANG X H, FANG X D, YANG P C, et al. The locust genome provides insight into swarm formation and long-distance flight[J]. Nat Commun, 2014, 5:2957. DOI:10.1038/ncomms 3957 .
[13]	JINDRA M, PALLI S R, RIDDIFORD L M. The juvenile hormone signaling pathway in insect development[J]. Annu Rev Entomol, 2013, 58:181-204. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153700 .
[14]	YAMANAKA N, REWITZ K F, O'CONNOR M B. Ecdysone control of developmental transitions: lessons from Drosophila research[J]. Annu Rev Entomol, 2013, 58:497-516. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153608 .
[15]	LIU S N, LI K, GAO Y, et al. Antagonistic actions of juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone within the ring gland determine developmental transitions in Drosophila [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018, 115(1):139-144. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1716897115 .
[16]	ZHANG T L, SONG W, LI Z, et al. Krüppel homolog 1 represses insect ecdysone biosynthesis by directly inhibiting the transcription of steroidogenic enzymes[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2018, 115(15):3960-3965. DOI:10.1073/pnas.1800435115 .
[17]	KAYUKAWA T, JOURAKU A, ITO Y, et al. Molecular mechanism underlying juvenile hormone-mediated repression of precocious larval-adult metamorphosis[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2017, 114(5):1057-1062. DOI:10.1073/pnas. 1615423114 .
[18]	WEAVER R J, PATERSON Z A. Characterization and temporal aspects of haemolymph juvenile hormone esterase in adult cockroach, Periplaneta americana [J]. J Insect Physiol, 1997, 43(6):521-532. DOI:10.1016/s0022-1910(97)00007-3 .
[19]	ZHANG X S, LI S, LIU S N. Juvenile hormone studies in Drosophila melanogaster [J]. Front Physiol, 2021, 12:785320. DOI:10.3389/fphys.2021.785320 .
[20]	JING Y P, WEN X P, LI L J, et al. The vitellogenin receptor functionality of the migratory locust depends on its phosphorylation by juvenile hormone[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021, 118(37):e2106908118. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2106908118 .
[21]	SONG J S, WU Z X, WANG Z M, et al. Krüppel-homolog 1 mediates juvenile hormone action to promote vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation in the migratory locust[J]. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 2014, 52:94-101. DOI:10.1016/j.ibmb.2014. 07.001 .
[22]	WU Z X, HE Q J, ZENG B J, et al. Juvenile hormone acts through FoxO to promote Cdc2 and Orc5 transcription for polyploidy-dependent vitellogenesis[J]. Development, 2020, 147(18):dev188813. DOI:10.1242/dev.188813 .
[23]	WU Z X, YANG L B, HE Q J, et al. Regulatory mechanisms of vitellogenesis in insects[J]. Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020, 8:593613. DOI:10.3389/fcell.2020.593613 .
[24]	WU Z X, ZHAO W X, LANG M Y, et al. Juvenile hormone and BMP signaling modulate fat body cell fate during the transition of previtellogenic development to vitellogenesis[J]. BMC Biol, 2025, 23(1):143. DOI:10.1186/s12915-025-02247-2 .
[25]	ZHENG H Y, WANG N B, YUN J Q, et al. Juvenile hormone promotes paracellular transport of yolk proteins via remodeling zonula adherens at tricellular junctions in the follicular epithelium[J]. PLoS Genet, 2022, 18(6):e1010292. DOI:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010292 .
[26]	SMYKAL V, BAJGAR A, PROVAZNIK J, et al. Juvenile hormone signaling during reproduction and development of the linden bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus [J]. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 2014, 45:69-76. DOI:10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.12.003 .
[27]	LUO W, LIU S N, ZHANG W Q, et al. Juvenile hormone signaling promotes ovulation and maintains egg shape by inducing expression of extracellular matrix genes[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2021, 118(39):e2104461118. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2104461118 .
[28]	TIAN Z, WANG K, GUO S, et al. The PBAP chromatin remodeling complex mediates summer diapause via H3K4me3-driven juvenile hormone regulation in Colaphellus bowringi [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2025, 122(12):e2422328122. DOI:10.1073/pnas.2422328122 .
[29]	LI Z X, ZHOU C S, CHEN Y M, et al. Egfr signaling promotes juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the German cockroach[J]. BMC Biol, 2022, 20(1):278. DOI:10.1186/s12915-022-01484-z .
[30]	MARCHAL E, HULT E F, HUANG J, et al. Methoprene-tolerant (Met) knockdown in the adult female cockroach, Diploptera punctata completely inhibits ovarian development[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(9):e106737. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0106737 .
[31]	ZHU S M, CHEN X Y, XIA S S, et al. Hexamerin and allergen are required for female reproduction in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana [J]. Insect Sci, 2024, 31(1):186-200. DOI:10.1111/1744-7917.13218 .
[32]	LIU F F, CUI Y Y, LU H N, et al. Myofilaments promote wing expansion and maintain genitalia morphology in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana [J]. Insect Mol Biol, 2023, 32(1):46-55. DOI:10.1111/imb.12812 .
[33]	HANSEN I A, ATTARDO G M, PARK J H, et al. Target of rapamycin-mediated amino acid signaling in mosquito anautogeny[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101(29):10626-10631. DOI:10.1073/pnas.0403460101 .
[34]	PÉREZ-HEDO M, RIVERA-PEREZ C, NORIEGA F G. The insulin/TOR signal transduction pathway is involved in the nutritional regulation of juvenile hormone synthesis in Aedes aegypti [J]. Insect Biochem Mol Biol, 2013, 43(6):495-500. DOI:10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.03.008 .
[35]	ROY S, SAHA T T, ZOU Z, et al. Regulatory pathways controlling female insect reproduction[J]. Annu Rev Entomol, 2018, 63:489-511. DOI:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043258 .
[36]	ZHU S M, LIU F F, CHEN X Y, et al. Inter-organelle communication dynamically orchestrates juvenile hormone biosynthesis and female reproduction[J]. Natl Sci Rev, 2025, 12(3):nwaf022. DOI:10.1093/nsr/nwaf022 .
[37]	ZHONG J R, JING A D, ZHENG S J, et al. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of insect appendage regeneration[J]. Cell Regen, 2023, 12(1):9. DOI:10.1186/s13619-022-00156-1 .
[38]	ZHANG X S, WEI L, ZHANG W, et al. ERK-activated CK-2 triggers blastema formation during appendage regeneration[J]. Sci Adv, 2024, 10(12):eadk8331. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.adk8331 .
[39]	REN C H, WEN Y J, ZHENG S J, et al. Two transcriptional cascades orchestrate cockroach leg regeneration[J]. Cell Rep, 2024, 43(3):113889. DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113889 .
[40]	LIU F F, ZHANG S D, CHEN P, et al. Sex-biased juvenile hormone and gene expression underlie sex difference of stress resistance in the American cockroach[J]. J Pest Sci, 2025, 98(2):973-985. DOI:10.1007/s10340-024-01819-5 .
[41]	王鹏伟, 杨菲, 曹文秋. 美洲大蠊提取物康复新液在国内外临床应用的研究进展[J]. 今日药学, 2023, 33(10):784-788. DOI:10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2023.10.012 .
	WANG P W, YANG F, CAO W Q. Research progress on clinical application of Chinese medicine Periplaneta americana Linnaeus extract kangfuxin solution at home and abroad[J]. Pharm Today, 2023, 33(10):784-788. DOI:10.12048/j.issn.1674-229X.2023.10.012 .
[42]	ZENG C J, LIAO Q, HU Y, et al. The role of Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) in modern versus traditional Chinese medicine[J]. J Med Entomol, 2019, 56(6):1522-1526. DOI:10.1093/jme/tjz081 .
[43]	ZHAO Y N, YANG A L, TU P F, et al. Anti-tumor effects of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana [J]. Chin Med, 2017, 12(1):26. DOI:10.1186/s13020-017-0149-6 .
[44]	MA H Y, LI X, CHE J, et al. The inhibitory effect of Periplaneta americana L. on hepatocellular carcinoma: Explore the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma active site and its mechanism of action[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2022, 291:114884. DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114884 .
[45]	王华炜, 王路乔, 孟照辉. 心脉隆注射液治疗心血管疾病研究进展[J]. 中国现代应用药学, 2019, 36(23):2995-3000. DOI:10.13748/j.cnki.issn1007-7693.2019.23.023 .
	WANG H W, WANG L Q, MENG Z H. Research progress of xinmailong injection in the treatment of cardiovascular disease[J]. Chin J Mod Appl Pharm, 2019, 36(23):2995-3000. DOI:10.13748/j.cnki.issn1007-7693.2019.23.023 .
[46]	KANCHONGKITTIPHON W, MENDELL M J, GAFFIN J M, et al. Indoor environmental exposures and exacerbation of asthma: an update to the 2000 review by the Institute of Medicine[J]. Environ Health Perspect, 2015, 123(1):6-20. DOI:10.1289/ehp.1307922 .
[47]	DO D C, ZHAO Y, GAO P. Cockroach allergen exposure and risk of asthma[J]. Allergy, 2016, 71(4):463-474. DOI:10.1111/all.12827 .
[48]	TOGIAS A, FENTON M J, GERGEN P J, et al. Asthma in the inner city: the perspective of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010, 125(3):540-544. DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.01.040 .
[49]	PUMHIRUN P, TOWIWAT P, MAHAKIT P. Aeroallergen sensitivity of Thai patients with allergic rhinitis[J]. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1997, 15(4):183-185.
[50]	WANG L Y, XIONG Q, SAELIM N, et al. Genome assembly and annotation of Periplaneta americana reveal a comprehensive cockroach allergen profile[J]. Allergy, 2023, 78(4):1088-1103. DOI:10.1111/all.15531 .

美洲大蠊作为实验用动物模型的研究进展

Research Advances on Periplaneta americana as an Experimental Animal Model

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 1

参考文献 50

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价