东方田鼠作为一种实验动物新资源的研究进展报告

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

东方田鼠是已知的唯一一种天然抗日本血吸虫病的哺乳动物。来源于血吸虫病疫区和非疫区以及实验室培育的东方田鼠对日本血吸虫有着相同的抗性。野生东方田鼠经过30多年的实验室培育，已经实现了实验动物化。同时，研究人员对东方田鼠的生长发育、生殖生理、血清生化、血液学指标、组织解剖等生物学性状进行了较详细的研究，并且进一步深入探讨了东方田鼠的抗血吸虫病特性及机制。上海实验动物研究中心培育的洞庭湖东方田鼠封闭种群（S：DTMF）在2021年经中国实验动物学会实验动物资源与评价工作委员会认定为中国实验动物资源。本综述着重总结近10年，特别是国家科技支撑计划项目实施中在东方田鼠生物学特性、标准化、基因组以及抗血吸虫病机制等方面的研究进展。

关键词: 东方田鼠, 实验动物化, 抗血吸虫病

Abstract:

Microtus fortis (reed vole) is the only mammal known to have natural resistance to Schistosomiasis japonica. Originating from schistosomiasis endemic and non-endemic areas, as well as laboratory bred voles have the same resistance to Schistosoma japonicum. After more than 30 years of laboratory cultivation of wild reed vole, a series of progress have been made in laboratory animalization. A detailed study was conducted on biological traits including growth and development, reproductive physiology, serum biochemistry, hematological indicators and tissue anatomy. At the same time, the anti-schistosomiasis characteristics and anti-schistosomiasis mechanisms of Microtus fortis were studied. The closed Dongtinghu population of Microtus fortis (S: DTMF) cultivated by Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center was recognized as a Chinese laboratory animal resource by the Experimental Animal Resources and Evaluation Working Committee of the Chinese Association for Laboratory Animal Sciences in 2021. This review focuses on summarizing the research progress in the biological characteristics, standardization research, genome and anti-schistosomiasis mechanism of reed vole in the past decade, especially in the implementation of the key project in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program.

Key words: Microtus fortis, Laboratory animalization, Anti-schistosomiasis

中图分类号:

R-332

谢建芸. 东方田鼠作为一种实验动物新资源的研究进展报告[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2023, 43(5): 482-491.

Jianyun XIE. Research Progress Report on Microtus fortis as a New Resource of Laboratory Animal[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2023, 43(5): 482-491.

图/表 3

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项目 Items	洞庭湖种群（n=40） Population of Dongtinghu		青铜峡种群（n=40） Population of Qingtongxia
项目 Items	♀	♂	♀	♂
体质量/g Body mass/g	53.590±7.360	67.836±9.235^#	45.960±4.670	65.130±9.690^#
心脏/体质量 Heart/body mass	0.480±0.068	0.429±0.052	0.413±0.037	0.404±0.062
肺/体质量 Lung/body mass	0.515±0.071	0.434±0.062	0.456±0.072	0.433±0.063
肝/体质量 Liver/body mass	3.825±0.514	3.802±0.643	3.134±0.004	3.177±0.343
脾/体质量 Spleen/body mass	0.097±0.031	0.071±0.014	0.071±0.029	0.066±0.022
左肾/体质量 Left kidney/body mass	0.479±0.069	0.464±0.058	0.443±0.037	0.466±0.043
右肾/体质量 Right kidney/body mass	0.472±0.065	0.454±0.058	0.442±0.038	0.466±0.049
脑/体质量 Brain/body mass	1.464±0.162	1.190±0.145	1.711±0.191	1.270±0.179^#
左甲状腺/体质量 Left thyroid gland/body mass	0.005±0.002	0.002±0.001^#	0.002±0.001^*	0.002±0.001
右甲状腺/体质量 Right thyroid gland/body mass	0.005±0.002	0.002±0.001^#	0.002±0.001^*	0.001±0.001
左肾上腺/体质量 Left adrenal gland/body mass	0.020±0.007	0.008±0.003^#	0.011±0.004^*	0.007±0.003
右肾上腺/体质量 Right adrenal gland/body mass	0.019±0.007	0.008±0.003^#	0.011±0.004^*	0.007±0.003
左卵巢/体质量 Left ovary/body mass	0.014±0.008	/	0.005±0.003^*	/
右卵巢/体质量 Right ovary/body mass	0.014±0.008	/	0.005±0.003^*	/
左睾丸/体质量 Left testicle/body mass	/	0.484±0.128	/	0.327±0.200^*
右睾丸/体质量 Right testicle/body mass	/	0.474±0.128	/	0.333±0.200^*
胸腺/体质量 Thymus/mass	0.121±0.047	0.194±0.067^#	0.120±0.044	0.103±0.037

项目 Items	洞庭湖种群（n=40） Population of Dongtinghu		青铜峡种群（n=40） Population of Qingtongxia
项目 Items	♀	♂	♀	♂
体质量/g Body mass/g	53.590±7.360	67.836±9.235^#	45.960±4.670	65.130±9.690^#
心脏/体质量 Heart/body mass	0.480±0.068	0.429±0.052	0.413±0.037	0.404±0.062
肺/体质量 Lung/body mass	0.515±0.071	0.434±0.062	0.456±0.072	0.433±0.063
肝/体质量 Liver/body mass	3.825±0.514	3.802±0.643	3.134±0.004	3.177±0.343
脾/体质量 Spleen/body mass	0.097±0.031	0.071±0.014	0.071±0.029	0.066±0.022
左肾/体质量 Left kidney/body mass	0.479±0.069	0.464±0.058	0.443±0.037	0.466±0.043
右肾/体质量 Right kidney/body mass	0.472±0.065	0.454±0.058	0.442±0.038	0.466±0.049
脑/体质量 Brain/body mass	1.464±0.162	1.190±0.145	1.711±0.191	1.270±0.179^#
左甲状腺/体质量 Left thyroid gland/body mass	0.005±0.002	0.002±0.001^#	0.002±0.001^*	0.002±0.001
右甲状腺/体质量 Right thyroid gland/body mass	0.005±0.002	0.002±0.001^#	0.002±0.001^*	0.001±0.001
左肾上腺/体质量 Left adrenal gland/body mass	0.020±0.007	0.008±0.003^#	0.011±0.004^*	0.007±0.003
右肾上腺/体质量 Right adrenal gland/body mass	0.019±0.007	0.008±0.003^#	0.011±0.004^*	0.007±0.003
左卵巢/体质量 Left ovary/body mass	0.014±0.008	/	0.005±0.003^*	/
右卵巢/体质量 Right ovary/body mass	0.014±0.008	/	0.005±0.003^*	/
左睾丸/体质量 Left testicle/body mass	/	0.484±0.128	/	0.327±0.200^*
右睾丸/体质量 Right testicle/body mass	/	0.474±0.128	/	0.333±0.200^*
胸腺/体质量 Thymus/mass	0.121±0.047	0.194±0.067^#	0.120±0.044	0.103±0.037

项目 Items	洞庭湖种群（n=40） Population of Dongtinghu		青铜峡种群（n=40） Population of Qingtongxia
项目 Items	♀	♂	♀	♂
红细胞计数/（10¹²·L^-1） Red blood cell count	9.41±1.12	10.43±0.84	10.91±0.82	11.18±0.86
血红蛋白ρ/（g·L^-1） Hemoglobin	141.63±16.54	162.95±11.24^#	154.58±12.23	160.95±12.30
白细胞计数/（10⁹·L^-1） White blood cell count	4.78±1.78	8.77±2.77^#	4.03±1.76	5.08±1.79^*#
噬中性粒细胞百分比/% Percentage of phagocytic neutrophils	30.97±10.75	18.40±11.45^#	20.58±7.97^*	26.47±14.56^*#
淋巴细胞百分比/% Percentage of lymphocytes	62.76±11.28	73.75±12.63^#	73.92±8.73	65.21±14.48
嗜酸性粒细胞百分比/% Percentage of eosinophils	4.55±4.13	6.62±4.78^#	4.89±3.07	6.93±4.85^#
嗜碱性粒细胞百分比/% Percentage of basophils	0	0.03±0.08	0	0
单核细胞百分比/% Percentage of monocytes	1.74±1.69	1.19±1.10	0.60±1.07^*	1.39±1.65^#
血小板计数/（10⁹·L^-1） Platelet count	820.94±259.14	782.08±183.05	572.13±213.17^*	594.16±194.34^*

项目 Items	洞庭湖种群（n=40） Population of Dongtinghu		青铜峡种群（n=40） Population of Qingtongxia
项目 Items	♀	♂	♀	♂
红细胞计数/（10¹²·L^-1） Red blood cell count	9.41±1.12	10.43±0.84	10.91±0.82	11.18±0.86
血红蛋白ρ/（g·L^-1） Hemoglobin	141.63±16.54	162.95±11.24^#	154.58±12.23	160.95±12.30
白细胞计数/（10⁹·L^-1） White blood cell count	4.78±1.78	8.77±2.77^#	4.03±1.76	5.08±1.79^*#
噬中性粒细胞百分比/% Percentage of phagocytic neutrophils	30.97±10.75	18.40±11.45^#	20.58±7.97^*	26.47±14.56^*#
淋巴细胞百分比/% Percentage of lymphocytes	62.76±11.28	73.75±12.63^#	73.92±8.73	65.21±14.48
嗜酸性粒细胞百分比/% Percentage of eosinophils	4.55±4.13	6.62±4.78^#	4.89±3.07	6.93±4.85^#
嗜碱性粒细胞百分比/% Percentage of basophils	0	0.03±0.08	0	0
单核细胞百分比/% Percentage of monocytes	1.74±1.69	1.19±1.10	0.60±1.07^*	1.39±1.65^#
血小板计数/（10⁹·L^-1） Platelet count	820.94±259.14	782.08±183.05	572.13±213.17^*	594.16±194.34^*

项目 Items	洞庭湖种群田鼠（n=40） Population of Dongtinghu		青铜峡种群田鼠（n=40） Population of Qingtongxia
项目 Items	♀	♂	♀	♂
天门冬氨酸转氨酶z/（U·L^-1） Aspartate aminotransferase	417.36±233.64	351.20±226.26^#	226.09±86.23^*	304.50±133.46^#
谷丙转氨酶z/（U·L^-1） Alanine transaminase	285.57±180.13	217.40±146.94^#	134.69±49.60^*	155.90±78.57^*
碱性磷酸酶z/（U·L^-1） Alkaline phosphatase	353.31±149.88	253.90±64.11^#	392.53±82.90	388.20±81.57^*
乳酸脱氢酶z/（U·L^-1） Lactate dehydrogenase	1 036.62±294.83	764.40±458.96^#	373.64±281.42^*	536.30±345.63^*#
肌苷c/（μmol·L^-1） Inosine	11.67±3.51	10.60±3.49	9.33±2.91^*	11.50±3.33^#
尿素c/（mmol·L^-1） Urea	9.39±2.08	8.90±1.62	9.48±2.63	8.70±2.45
总胆固醇c/（mmol·L^-1） Total cholesterol	2.67±0.69	2.20±0.49	3.80±0.71^*	3.20±0.76^*
血清总蛋白ρ/（g·L^-1） Total serum protein	64.55±4.73	64.40±3.89	59.28±3.74	61.00±4.98
白蛋白ρ/（g·L^-1） Albumin	40.82±2.76	42.20±2.45	38.65±2.99	39.40±3.07
甘油三酯/（mmol·L^-1） Triglyceride	1.62±1.09	1.30±0.68	1.81±1.13	1.60±0.77
血糖c/（mmol·L^-1） Blood sugar	2.25±0.70	2.60±0.69	2.39±0.86	2.10±0.79
高密度脂蛋白c/（mmol·L^-1） High density lipoprotein	1.69±0.41	1.20±0.22^#	2.00±0.23	1.60±0.33
低密度脂蛋白c/（mmol·L^-1） Low density lipoprotein	0.65±0.29	0.40±0.22^#	0.85±0.48^*	0.80±0.39^*
胆碱酯酶z/（U·L^-1） Cholinesterase	7 631.09±1 338.15	8 053.00±2 329.15	8 626.18±2 049.57	9 249.70±2 790.19
尿比重 Urine specific gravity	1.010 1 ±0.007 7	1.018 3 ±0.012 9	1.021 7±0.014 5	1.029 1±0.014 8