护眼复合配方对蓝光损伤小鼠视网膜的功效评估

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2026.010

实验动物与比较医学

• •

护眼复合配方对蓝光损伤小鼠视网膜的功效评估

许浩莀(), 乐卿清, 何西文, 蔡兵, 杨隆河()()

自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋生物资源开发利用工程技术创新中心, 厦门 361005

出版日期:2026-09-07

作者简介:

许浩莀（1999—），男，硕士，研究方向：海洋功能食品研究。E-mail： 15739171206@163.com

杨隆河，博士，自然资源部第三海洋研究所海洋生物资源开发利用工程技术创新中心副研究员，硕士生导师。兼任福建省实验动物学会第六届理事会理事、第二届青年委员会常务委员。主要从事海洋药物药理及功能食品的研发与评价研究，致力于依托实验动物模型探讨海洋生物活性物质的药理毒理学特性及其应用转化。先后主持或承担各级科研项目21项，其中包括国家自然科学基金项目、国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目（子任务负责人），福建省自然科学基金项目，以及10余项企业技术研发等横向课题，在海洋生物资源高值化利用方面积累了较扎实的研究基础。在国内外专业期刊累计发表SCI收录论文37篇。申请国家发明专利8件，已获授权3件，并有2项相关核心科研成果成功实现企业转化应用。（1986—）男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：海洋药物药理及功能食品研究。E-mail： longheyang@tio.org.cn。ORCID： 0009-0006-6101-2066

杨隆河（1986—）男，博士，副研究员，研究方向：海洋药物药理及功能食品研究。E-mail： longheyang@tio.org.cn。ORCID：0009-0006-6101-2066

基金资助:
海洋生物医药领域省科技计划定向项目“海藻寡糖降解菌株的适应性进化及功能食品开发应用”(2025Y0079)

Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Eye-Protective Compound Formulation on the Retina of Mice with Blue Light-Induced Damage

XU Haochen(), LE Qingqing, HE Xiwen, CAI Bing, YANG Longhe()()

Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361021, China

Published:2026-09-07
Correspondence to:
YANG Longhe (ORCID: 0009-0006-6101-2066), E-mail: longheyang@tio.org.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探明蓝光诱导小鼠视网膜损伤的时间依赖性，确立适宜动物模型，并评价含叶黄素酯、DHA藻油、黑果枸杞等药食同源原料的复合配方对视网膜的保护作用。方法 SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组（1 h、3 h、6 h照射）及3 h配方干预组（n=8）。首先采用467 nm LED（5 000±200 lx）蓝光分别照射1、3、6 h，然后分别用苏木精-伊红染色切片检测视网膜组织病理及厚度、试剂盒方法检测血清丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）和谷胱甘肽（Glutathione，GSH），使用RT-qPCR检测视网膜炎症因子mRNA表达。确定3 h为适宜模型后，以复合配方（1 000 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹）灌胃14 d，再行3 h蓝光照射，同法评估上述指标。结果随照射时间延长，视网膜各层厚度逐渐变薄（P＜0.01至P＜0.000 1），细胞排列紊乱；血清MDA含量逐步升高（P＜0.01），GSH含量逐步降低（P＜0.01）；视网膜组织白介素-1β（Interleukin-1 beta，IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（Interleukin-6，IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha，TNF-α）基因表达随着照射时间延长显著上调，其中1 h照射组指标变化较小，6 h照射组变化最显著（P<0.000 1），故选择各项指标差异显著且适中的3 h（P<0.001）蓝光照射作为后续造模条件。配方干预后，与模型组相比，小鼠血清MDA含量显著降低（P<0.01），血清GSH含量显著升高（P<0.05）；视网膜中炎症因子IL-1β（P<0.000 1）、IL-6（P<0.001）和TNF-α（P<0.01）表达量显著下调；视网膜总厚度显著增加（P<0.01），且内丛状层（P<0.05）、内核层（P<0.05）、外丛状层（P<0.05）与外核层（P<0.01）均较模型组显著增加，且组织病理学显示视网膜及细胞排列的规律性与致密程度明显优于模型组。结论 3 h特定照度的蓝光照射可建立稳定的小鼠视网膜损伤模型；复合配方通过抗氧化-抗炎途径缓解损伤，为相关功能食品开发提供实验依据。

关键词: 叶黄素, 蓝光, 视网膜, 氧化应激, 炎症, 功能食品, 小鼠

Abstract:

Methods SPF‑grade male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group, model groups (1 h, 3 h, 6 h irradiation), and a 3 h formula intervention group (n=8). First, mice were exposed to blue light (467  nm LED, 5 000±200 lx) for 1, 3, and 6  h, respectively. Retinal histopathology and thickness were examined using hematoxylin‑eosin (HE) staining; serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured using commercial assay kits; and retinal inflammatory factor mRNA expression was assessed by RT‑qPCR. After confirming 3  h as the appropriate model, the compound formula (1 000 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) was administered by gavage for 14  days, followed by 3  h blue light irradiation, and the same indicators were evaluated. Results With prolonged irradiation time, the thickness of each retinal layer gradually decreased (P<0.01 to P<0.000 1) and cell arrangement became disordered; serum MDA levels progressively increased (P<0.01), while GSH levels gradually decreased (P<0.01). The mRNA expression of Interleukin-1 beta(IL-1β), Interleukin-6(IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha(TNF-α) in retinal tissue was significantly upregulated with increasing irradiation time. The 1  h irradiation group showed only minor changes, whereas the 6 h irradiation group exhibited the most pronounced changes (P<0.000 1). Therefore, 3  h of blue light irradiation (P<0.001), which showed significant yet moderate differences in all indicators, was selected as the subsequent modeling condition. After formula intervention, compared with the model group, serum MDA level was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and serum GSH level was significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression levels of retinal inflammatory factors IL-1β (P<0.0001), IL-6 (P<0.001), and TNF-α (P<0.01) were significantly downregulated. Total retinal thickness (P<0.01), as well as the thicknesses of the inner plexiform layer (P<0.05), inner nuclear layer (P<0.05), outer plexiform layer (P<0.05), and outer nuclear layer (P<0.01), was significantly increased compared with the model group. Histopathological examination also showed that the regularity and density of retinal cell arrangement were markedly better than those in the model group. Conclusion Blue light irradiation at a specific intensity for 3  h can establish a stable mouse model of retinal injury. The compound formula alleviates retinal damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, providing an experimental basis for the development of related functional foods. Objective To investigate the time‑dependent pattern of blue light‑induced retinal damage in mice, establish a suitable animal model, and evaluate the protective effects of a compound formula containing lutein esters, DHA algal oil, Lycium ruthenicum, and other medicinal and food homologous ingredients on the retina.

Key words: Lutein, Blue light, Retina, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Functional food, Mice

中图分类号:

R-332

许浩莀,乐卿清,何西文,等.护眼复合配方对蓝光损伤小鼠视网膜的功效评估[J]. 实验动物与比较医学.. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2026.010.

XU Haochen,LE Qingqing,HE Xiwen,et al. Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Eye-Protective Compound Formulation on the Retina of Mice with Blue Light-Induced Damage[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2026.010.

图/表 6

表1

RT-qPCR所用引物序列

Table 1

The sequences of primers used in RT-qPCR

基因名称

Gene

引物序列

Sequences (5' - 3')

IL-1β

F-GAAATGCCACCTTTTGACAGTG

R-TGGATGCTCTCATCAGGACAG

IL-6

F-AATTAAGCCTCCGACTTGTGAAG

R-CTTCCATCCAGTTGCCTTCTTG

TNF-α

F-GTAGCAAACCACCAAGTGGAGG

R-CAGCCTTGTCCCTTGAAGAGAA

GAPDH

F-GGTGAAGGTCGGTGTGAACG

R-CTCGCTCCTGGAAGATGGTG

图1 不同蓝光照射时间小鼠视网膜HE染色及视网膜厚度的变化

注：A为对照组，1 h照射组，3 h照射组，6 h照射组（×400，标尺=50 μm）；B~F为小鼠视网膜整体、内丛状层（IPL）、内核层（INL）、外丛状层（OPL）、外核层（ONL）厚度的对比图。

Figure 1 Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and the effect of different blue light exposure durations on retinal thickness in mice.

Note： A， Control group； B. 1 h exposure group； C. 3 h exposure group； D. 6 h exposure group （×400， scale bar = 50 μm）； Outer nuclear layer （ONL）； Outer plexiform layer （OPL）； Inner nuclear layer （INL）； Inner plexiform layer （IPL）.Note： A. control group， 1 h irradiation group， 3 h irradiation group， and 6 h irradiation group （×400， scale bar = 50 μm）； B–F. comparative graphs of total retinal thickness and thicknesses of the inner plexiform layer （IPL）， inner nuclear layer （INL）， outer plexiform layer （OPL）， and outer nuclear layer （ONL） in mice.

图2 不同蓝光照射时间对小鼠血清氧化应激指标及视网膜炎症因子mRNA表达水平的影响

注：A和B为小鼠血清丙二醛（MDA）及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平；C～E为小鼠视网膜组织白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）mRNA表达水平。^* P<0.05，^** P<0.01，^*** P<0.001，^**** P<0.000 1。

Figure 2 Effects of different blue light exposure durations on serum oxidative stress indicators and mRNA expression levels of retinal inflammatory cytokines in mice

Note： Panels A and B show serum levels of Malondialdehyde（MDA） and Glutathione（GSH） in mice； Panels C–E show the mRNA expression levels of Interleukin-1 beta（IL-1β）， Interleukin-6（IL-6）， and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha（TNF-α） in the mouse retina. ^* P<0.05， ^** P<0.01， ^*** P<0.001， ^**** P<0.000 1.

图3 配方样品对小鼠体质量及进食量的影响

注：A为各组小鼠体质量变化曲线（n=8）；B为实验期间各组小鼠总进食量统计。

Figure 3 Effects of the formula Intervention on body weight and food intake in mice

Note： A shows the body weight change curves of mice in each group； B shows the total food intake statistics of each group during the experimental period.

图4 配方样品干预3 h对蓝光损伤小鼠视网膜HE染色及视网膜厚度的变化

注： A.对照组，模型组，配方样品干预组（×400，标尺=50 μm）；B~F为小鼠视网膜整体、内丛状层（IPL）、内核层（INL）、外丛状层（OPL）、外核层（ONL）厚度的对比图。^* P<0.05，^** P<0.01，^*** P<0.001，^**** P<0.000 1。

Figure 4 Effects of the formulation intervention （3 h） on Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and retinal thickness in mice with blue light‑induced damage

Note： Panel A shows HE staining of the control group， model group， and formulation intervention group （×400， scale bar = 50 μm）； Panels B–F present comparative graphs of total retinal thickness and the thicknesses of the inner plexiform layer （IPL）， inner nuclear layer （INL）， outer plexiform layer （OPL）， and outer nuclear layer （ONL）. ^* P < 0.05， ^** P < 0.01， ^*** P < 0.001， ^**** P < 0.000  1.

图5 配方样品对3 h蓝光照射小鼠血清氧化应激指标及视网膜炎症因子mRNA表达的影响

注：A和B为小鼠血清丙二醛（MDA）及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平；C~E为小鼠视网膜组织白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α） mRNA表达水平。^* P<0.05，^** P<0.01，^*** P<0.001，^**** P<0.000 1

Figure 5 Effects of the compound formula on serum oxidative stress indicators and mRNA expression of retinal inflammatory cytokines in mice exposed to 3 h blue light irradiation

Note： Panels A and B present serum levels of Malondialdehyde（MDA） and Glutathione（GSH） in mice.Panels C - E present mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in mouse retinal tissues. ^* P < 0.05， ^** P < 0.01， ^*** P < 0.001， ^**** P<0.000 1.

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护眼复合配方对蓝光损伤小鼠视网膜的功效评估

Evaluation of the Efficacy of an Eye-Protective Compound Formulation on the Retina of Mice with Blue Light-Induced Damage

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