不同光照时长对NIH小鼠体重和学习记忆能力的影响

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.062

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究不同光照时长对发育期NIH小鼠体重和学习记忆能力的影响。方法实验选取体重相近的发育期NIH小鼠40只，雌雄各半。小鼠经每天12 h光照时长适应性饲养1周后，被随机分为每天0、6、12、18、24 h光照时长组，每组8只，实验周期为7周，其中前5周为不同光照时长条件下的饲养阶段，后2周为行为学实验阶段。通过体重监测以及T型迷宫、新位置识别和八臂迷宫等行为学实验，分析光照时长对小鼠体重和学习记忆能力的影响。结果在光照处理期间，各组小鼠间的体重变化无显著差异（P＞0.05）；在光照处理第2周和第3周，每天24 h光照时长组小鼠的体重增长量显著高于每天0 h和6 h光照时长组（P＜0.05）。在光照处理5周后，T型迷宫实验中，每天0 h光照时长组小鼠的潜伏期时间极显著长于每天12 h光照时长组（P＜0.01）；每天24 h光照时长组小鼠的潜伏期时间显著长于每天12 h光照时长组（P＜0.05）。新位置识别实验中，每天12 h光照时长组小鼠的辨别指数和新位置观察时间均长于其他组，且与每天18 h光照时长组差异极显著（P＜0.01），与每天24 h光照时长组差异显著（P＜0.05）；八臂迷宫实验中，每天12 h光照时长组小鼠找到饲料的时间、参考记忆错误比率和工作记忆错误比率均短于每天0 h光照时长组，且差异显著（P＜0.05）；而每天24 h光照时长组小鼠的工作记忆错误比率高于每天12 h光照时长组，且差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论每天24 h光照会影响NIH小鼠的体重增长，而每天光照时长超过18 h或低于6 h会减弱NIH小鼠的学习记忆能力。

关键词: NIH小鼠, 光照时长, 体重, 学习记忆能力

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of varying durations of light exposure on body weight and learning and memory abilities of pubertal NIH mice. Methods Forty pubertal NIH mice, evenly split by gender and with similar initial weights, were subjected to a 12 h light-dark cycle for one week. They were then randomly assigned to groups with daily light exposure durations of 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours, with 8 mice in each group. The experimental period lasted for 7 weeks, with the first 5 weeks as the feeding phase under different light exposure conditions, and the last 2 weeks as the behavioral testing phase. Their body weight was monitored, and learning and memory abilities were assessed using the T-maze, object location test, and eight-arm maze tests. Results During the light exposure period, there were no significant differences in body weight among groups (P>0.05). However, the weight gain of mice in the 24 h group was significantly higher than that of the 0 h group and the 6 h group during the second and third weeks of light exposure (P<0.05). After five weeks of light exposure, in the T-maze test, the latency time of the 0 h light exposure group was significantly longer than that of the 12 h group (P<0.01), and the latency time of the 24 h light exposure group was significantly longer than that of the 12 h group (P<0.05). In the object location test, the mice in 12 h group exhibited a higher discrimination index and spent more time observing the new location compared to the other groups, with significant differences in comparison to the 18 h group (P<0.01) and the 24 h group (P<0.05). In the eight-arm maze test, the time to find food, the reference memory error rate, and the working memory error rate in the 12 h group were all lower than those in the 0 h group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Moreover, the working memory error rate in the 24 h group was higher than that in the 12 h group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Continuous 24 h light exposure affects body weight gain, while light exposure durations exceeding 18 h or below 6 h per day weaken the learning and memory abilities of NIH mice.

Key words: NIH mice, Light exposure duration, Body weight, Learning and memory abilities

中图分类号:

Q95-33

张楠,李怀银,连晓娣,等. 不同光照时长对NIH小鼠体重和学习记忆能力的影响[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2025, 45(1): 73-78. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.062.

ZHANG Nan,LI Huaiyin,LIAN Xiaodi,et al. Effects of Different Durations of Light Exposure on Body Weight and Learning and Memory Abilities of NIH Mice[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2025, 45(1): 73-78. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2024.062.

图/表 4

图1 不同组别小鼠的体重变化注：ns，差异无统计学意义；每组小鼠各8只。

Figure 1 Changes in the body weight of mice in different groupsNote： ns， differences were not statistically significant； There are 8 mice in each group.

表1 5周光照实验后第1周光照时长对NIH小鼠T型迷宫实验结果的影响

Table 1 Effects of light exposure duration in the first week after a 5-week light experiment on the results of T-maze test in NIH mice （xˉ±s）

组别（每天光照时长） Groups (daily light duration)	潜伏期/s Incubation period/s	交替百分比/% Alternation percentage/%
0 h	26.50±5.42^**	0.53±0.18
6 h	18.86±3.60	0.48±0.26
12 h	17.86±3.44	0.60±0.24
18 h	17.00±5.18	0.42±0.20
24 h	22.75±4.43^*	0.50±0.28

表2 5周光照实验后第1周光照时长对NIH小鼠新位置识别实验结果的影响

Table 2 Effects of light exposure duration in the first week after a 5-week light experiment on the results of new location observation test in NIH mice （xˉ±s）

组别（每天光照时长） Groups (daily light duration)	辨别指数 Discrimination index	新位置观察时间/s Exploration time/s
0 h	0.17±0.09	59.14±15.01
6 h	0.34±0.23	67.15±11.40
12 h	0.38±0.24	69.10±11.77
18 h	-0.30±0.34^**	48.53±16.88^**
24 h	0.06±0.27^*	52.75±13.22^*

表3 5周光照实验后第2周光照时长对NIH小鼠八臂迷宫实验结果的影响

Table 3 Effects of light exposure duration in the second week after the 5-week light experiment on the results of eight-arm maze test in NIH mice （xˉ±s）

组别（每天光照时长） Groups (daily light duration)	找到饲料的时间/s Time to find food/s	参考记忆错误比率/% Reference memory error rate/%	工作记忆错误比率/% Working memory error rate/%
0 h	18.50±10.41^*	29.13±8.63^*	31.63±6.41^*
6 h	7.13±4.94	19.00±9.26	19.71±8.01
12 h	10.75±8.63	18.13±7.61	16.38±8.16
18 h	7.63±3.34	18.63±5.76	18.88±8.29
24 h	11.75±6.71	25.50±9.12	28.63±6.21^*

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