不同颗粒饲料硬度对实验小鼠生长繁殖、饲料利用率及环境粉尘量的影响

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.138

实验动物与比较医学 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (3): 313-320.DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.138

不同颗粒饲料硬度对实验小鼠生长繁殖、饲料利用率及环境粉尘量的影响

吴东¹, 石蕊², 罗珮珊¹, 李灵恩¹, 盛席静¹, 王梦阳¹, 倪露¹, 王素娟², 杨慧欣¹, 赵静¹()

^1.江苏集萃药康生物科技股份有限公司, 南京 210032
^2.江苏省协同医药生物工程有限责任公司, 南京 211164

收稿日期:2023-10-10 修回日期:2024-02-08 出版日期:2024-07-06 发布日期:2024-06-25
通讯作者: 赵静（1981—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向：遗传学。E-mail： zhaojing@gempharmatech.com
作者简介:吴东（1988—），男，硕士，兽医师，研究方向：实验动物管理。E-mail： wudong@gempharmatech.com
基金资助:
江苏省实验动物协会2022年研究课题“饲料硬度对不同品系小鼠生长繁殖性能、饲料利用率及环境粉尘的影响探究”(DWXH202209)

Effects of Different Pellet Feed Hardness on Growth and Reproduction, Feed Utilization Rate, and Environmental Dust in Laboratory Mice

Dong WU¹, Rui SHI², Peishan LUO¹, Ling'en LI¹, Xijing SHENG¹, Mengyang WANG¹, Lu NI¹, Sujuan WANG², Huixin YANG¹, Jing ZHAO¹()

^1.GemPharmatech Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing 210032, China
^2.Jiangsu Xietong Pharmaceutical Bio-engineering Co. , Ltd. , Nanjing 211164, China

Received:2023-10-10 Revised:2024-02-08 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-07-06
Contact: ZHAO Jing, E-mail: zhaojing@gempharmatech.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的研究不同颗粒饲料硬度对实验小鼠生长繁殖性能、饲料利用率和笼内环境粉尘的影响。方法选用3周龄的SPF级C57BL/6JGpt和ICR实验小鼠各150只，随机平均分成3组，雌雄各半，分别饲喂饲料硬度为18.62 kg（1 kg=9.8 N）、23.15 kg和 27.89 kg的日粮，记录并计算3～10周龄小鼠体重增加量、饲料利用率和笼盒内粉尘量。另外，两个品系各选取45只6周龄雄鼠和90只4周龄雌鼠，随机平均分为3组，分别饲喂3种不同硬度的颗粒饲料。饲喂同一种硬度饲料的同品系小鼠适应2周后，以1∶2的比例雄雌合笼饲养，3个月内每周统计每个繁殖笼内动物繁殖信息。结果 C57BL/6JGpt小鼠4周龄时，饲料硬度23.15 kg组的雄鼠体重显著高于饲料硬度为18.62 kg和27.89 kg组（P<0.01），饲料硬度18.62 kg组的雌鼠体重显著高于27.89 kg组（P<0.05）；不同饲料硬度组间3～10周龄ICR小鼠的体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。饲喂不同硬度饲料组中，两个品系各周龄雄鼠的饲料利用率均高于雌鼠（P<0.01）。与饲料硬度27.89 kg组相比，饲料硬度18.62 kg组和饲料硬度23.15 kg组4～8周龄（除7周龄C57BL/6JGpt小鼠外）两品系笼盒内50目粉尘量均显著增加（P<0.05）。C57BL/6JGpt和ICR小鼠在实验周期内初产胎间隔及月生产指数等基本繁育性能在3种不同硬度饲料组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）；但C57BL/6JGpt小鼠月生产指数随饲料硬度升高先增加后降低，ICR小鼠月生产指数则随饲料硬度升高而增加，但差异尚无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论不同品系、不同性别的实验小鼠对饲料硬度的耐受性不同，其中C57BL/6JGpt小鼠适合选择较低硬度的饲料，而ICR小鼠适合选择略高硬度的饲料。

关键词: 实验小鼠, 颗粒饲料硬度, 生长繁殖性能, 饲料利用率, 环境粉尘

Abstract:

Objective To study the effects of different pellet feed hardness on the growth and reproduction, feed utilization rate, and environmental dust in laboratory mice. Methods One hundred of fifty 50 3-week-old SPF-grade C57BL/6JGpt and 150 ICR laboratory mice were randomly divided into three groups, with an equal number of males and females. They were fed diets with different hardness of 18.62 kg, 23.15 kg, and 27.89 kg. Body weight, feed utilization rate, and dust levels in cages were recorded and calculated for mice aged 3-10 weeks. Forty-five 6-week-old male mice and ninety 4-week-old female mice from each strain were randomly divided into three groups and fed pellet feeds with three different hardness levels. After 2 weeks of adaptation to the same hardness feed, the mice were paired at a 1∶2 male-to-female ratio and monitored for reproductive data for 3 months. Results At the age of 4 weeks, the body weight of male C57BL/6JGpt mice in 23.15 kg group was significantly higher than that in the 18.62 kg and 27.89 kg groups (P<0.01), and the body weight of females in the 18.62 kg group was significantly higher than that in the 27.89 kg group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in body weight among ICR mice aged 3-10 weeks across different feed hardness groups (P>0.05). For both strains, feed utilization rate for males was higher than that for females across different feed hardness groups at all weeks of age (P<0.01). Compared to the 27.89 kg group, both the 18.62 kg and 23.15 kg groups showed a significant increase in the 50-mesh dust levels in cages for both strains aged 4-8 weeks (except for 7-week-old C57BL/6JGpt mice) (P<0.05). For both C57BL/6JGpt and ICR mice, there was no significant difference in basic reproductive performance such as interval between the first litter and the monthly production index among the three feed hardness groups during the experimental period (P>0.05). However, the monthly production index of C57BL/6JGpt mice first increased and then decreased with the increase of feed hardness, while that of ICR mice increased with increasing feed hardness, though these differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Different strains and genders had different tolerance to feed hardness. C57BL/6JGpt mice are more adapted to lower hardness feeds, while ICR mice are better suited to slightly higher hardness feeds.

Key words: Laboratory mice, Pellet feed hardness, Growth and reproductive performance, Feed utilization rate, Environmental dust

中图分类号:

Q95-33

吴东,石蕊,罗珮珊,等. 不同颗粒饲料硬度对实验小鼠生长繁殖、饲料利用率及环境粉尘量的影响[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2024, 44(3): 313-320. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.138.

Dong WU,Rui SHI,Peishan LUO,et al. Effects of Different Pellet Feed Hardness on Growth and Reproduction, Feed Utilization Rate, and Environmental Dust in Laboratory Mice[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2024, 44(3): 313-320. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2023.138.

图/表 6

表1 实验饲料的主要营养成分

Table 1 Major components of nutrients in experimental feed

营养成分 Nutrients	比例/% Percentage/%
粗蛋白 Crude protein	19.40
粗脂肪 Crude fat	6.50
粗纤维 Crude fibre	3.80
粗灰分 Crude ash	6.00
钙 Calcium	1.05
总磷 Total phosphorus	0.76
水分 Moisture	8.50
碳水化合物 Carbohydrate	55.80

表2 饲喂不同硬度饲料后C57BL/6JGpt小鼠的3～10周龄体重

Table 2 Body weight changes of C57BL/6JGpt mice aged 3-10 weeks after being fed with different hardness feeds

周龄 Weeks	C57BL/6JGpt♀			C57BL/6JGpt♂
周龄 Weeks	G1	G2	G3	G1		G2	G3
3	9.7±0.7	9.6±0.6	9.8±0.7	9.8±0.6	10.2±0.9		9.9±0.9
4	15.4±0.9^*	15.0±0.7	14.8±0.8	16.8±1.0	17.8±1.1^**		16.7±1.3
5	18.8±0.8	18.6±0.8	18.9±0.8	22.4±0.9	22.6±0.9		22.2±1.1
6	18.8±0.8	18.9±0.6	19.1±1.0	23.9±1.1	23.8±1.2		24.3±1.6
7	19.5±0.8	19.5±0.8	19.8±0.9	25.2±1.1	25.0±1.5		25.4±1.1
8	20.1±0.8	20.2±0.9	20.2±0.9	26.6±1.2	26.0±1.8		26.2±1.4
9	20.6±1.0	20.8±1.1	20.8±0.8	27.3±1.4	27.2±2.0		27.2±1.4
10	21.2±1.3	21.1±1.0	21.1±1.0	28.1±1.4	28.0±2.2		28.1±1.5

表3 饲喂不同硬度饲料后ICR小鼠的3～10周龄体重

Table 3 Body weight changes of ICR mice aged 3-10 weeks after being fed with different hardness feeds

周龄 Weeks	ICR♀			ICR♂
周龄 Weeks	G4	G5	G6	G4	G5	G6
3	12.0±1.5	12.1±1.8	12.0±1.7	10.8±1.0	10.6±1.0	10.2±0.8
4	21.9±2.1	22.5±1.8	22.1±2.0	24.7±1.9	24.8±1.5	24.6±1.6
5	26.2±2.7	26.9±1.8	26.2±2.8	30.7±1.6	30.9±2.1	31.5±1.3
6	28.3±2.6	28.2±2.1	27.7±2.8	34.3±1.8	34.2±2.7	34.3±1.4
7	29.2±2.9	29.6±2.1	29.4±3.7	36.0±2.0	35.5±2.9	35.8±1.5
8	30.6±3.5	31.1±2.4	30.6±3.9	38.0±2.4	37.6±3.2	37.5±1.8
9	32.2±3.7	32.6±3.2	32.3±4.0	40.2±2.8	39.7±3.2	39.2±1.9
10	33.9±4.1	33.6±3.4	33.1±4.4	41.8±3.2	40.6±3.7	40.3±2.1

图1 C57BL/6JGpt和ICR小鼠对不同硬度饲料的利用率注：C57BL/6JGpt小鼠随机分为G1、G2和G3共3组，ICR小鼠随机分为G4、G5和G6共3组，均分别饲喂硬度为18.62 kg、23.15 kg和27.89 kg的颗粒饲料，每组50只，雌雄各半。

Figure 1 Feed utilization rates of C57BL/6JGpt and ICR mice for feeds with different hardness levelsNote： C57BL/6JGpt mice were randomly divided into three groups, G1, G2, and G3. ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups, G4, G5, and G6. All groups were fed pellet feeds with hardness levels of 18.62 kg, 23.15 kg, and 27.89 kg. Each group consists of 50 mice with an equal number of males and females.

图2 C57BL/6JGpt和ICR小鼠饲喂不同硬度饲料4～8周龄时的笼盒内粉尘量注：C57BL/6JGpt小鼠随机分为G1、G2和G3共3组，ICR小鼠随机分为G4、G5和G6共3组，均分别饲喂硬度为18.62 kg、23.15 kg和27.89 kg的颗粒饲料，每组50只，雌雄各半。*P<0.05，**P<0.01，nsP>0.05。

Figure 2 Dust levels in cages of C57BL/6JGpt and ICR mice aged 4-8 weeks after feeding different hardness feedsNote： C57BL/6JGpt mice were randomly divided into three groups, G1, G2, and G3. ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups, G4, G5, and G6. All groups were fed pellet feeds with hardness levels of 18.62 kg, 23.15 kg, and 27.89 kg. Each group consists of 50 mice with an equal number of males and females. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, nsP>0.05。

表4 饲喂3种硬度饲料后C57BL/6JGpt和ICR小鼠的繁殖性能比较

Table 4 Comparison of reproductive performance of C57BL/6JGpt and ICR mice after being fed with three different hardness feeds

组别 Group	初产胎间隔/d First birth interval/d	月生产指数/只 Production index
C57BL/6JGpt
R1	20.7±2.8	3.21±0.94
R2	20.2±0.7	3.33±0.85
R3	20.8±2.9	2.73±0.81
ICR
R4	20.1±1.2	10.54±2.78
R5	19.4±0.8	11.26±2.49
R6	19.7±1.1	12.34±1.50

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[2]	曾昭智1，江涛1，张锦红1，顾为望2. 催乳素受体基因多态性对西藏小型猪繁殖性能的影响[J]. 实验动物与比较医学, 2009, 29(3): 181-184.

不同颗粒饲料硬度对实验小鼠生长繁殖、饲料利用率及环境粉尘量的影响

Effects of Different Pellet Feed Hardness on Growth and Reproduction, Feed Utilization Rate, and Environmental Dust in Laboratory Mice

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