Abstract: Objective To study pathological changes on Chinese rhesus monkeys with recombined Simian/Human Immunodeficiency virus. Methods Chinese rhesus monkeys were inoculated with a serial of four in vivo passages (P1-P4) of SHIV-B’ whu. Each serial were sacrificed on fourteenth day. Pathological changes of lymph nodes were studied respectively. Results The infected monkeys demonstrated a transient increase of body temperature during the acute stage of infection with all the passages of SHIV. SHIV-B’whu infection was also demonstrated by the pathological findings: focal necrosis in liver, interstitial pneumonia, partially enlarged lymph antrum, diminished lymph follicle, and erythrophagia in lymph nodes. Macrophage positive rates in monkey tissues increased at a uncertain gradient from PI to P4(from about 3.5% to 22%). Conclusion This study provide direct evidence that SHIV-B’whu has the ability to infect Chinese rhesus monkeys, which can present the similar symptom as human being.

Key words: SHIV, Infection, Immunity, Pathological change