Objective To investigate the Mamu-A*Ol allele of Chinese rhesus monkey in our monkey colony. Methods The blood sample (200 ul) were collected from femoral vein of 101 monkeys borm in 2007 randomly selected from the colony and the genomic DNA was extracted. The primers were designed according to the specific sequence of Mamu-A*Ol. The allele was investigation by sequence specific primers polymerase chain reaction. Results Six monkey were selected that carried Mamu-A+01 allele among the 110 monkeys, but the homology was only 96% with the Indian rhesus monkey，s corresponding sequnce. Conclusions The Mamu-A*Ol allele exist in Chinese rhesus monkeys, but was different with the Indian rhesus monkey, further work should be done to elucidate the function of the Mamu-A*01 allele.