Table of Content

25 June 2011, Volume 31 Issue 3

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Study on Comprehensive Evaluation of Rats' MACO Model Mainly by fMRI

ZENG Gui-gang, ZHANG Shen, CHEN Guo-qiang, GU Jian-zhong, GU Wei-zhong

2011, 31(3):  153-159.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.001

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Objective To search an exact method to evaluate the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) model and provide a more consistent model for followed experiments, the functional magnetic resonance was mainly applied to comprehensively evaluate the rat's focal cerebral ischemia model. Method The MACO model was synthetically judged by Bederson score comparation, the comprehensive behavioral score of neural symptoms, the brain TTC staining and mainly by the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which was applied to detect the infract position, angiemphraxis and nerve fiber bundle. Result The fMRI detection on the model group rats was showed that the significant edema was appeared in surgical and lateral sides of temporal parietal lobe, meantime, CCA, ICA, ECA were completely blocked and nerve fibers bundles were rare, even some of them were broken off or missed. Rank correlation analysis was showed that the nervous deficit scores and cerebral infarction were in the proportion of relevant (rs=0.879, P<0.01). Each nervous symptom in the model group has significant differences compared with the sham operation group (P<0.01). Conclusion The fMRI, combined with the standard nervous symptom score and TTC staining can accurately determine the injury location and extent of damage in stroke model rats in vivo, so that the consistent stroke model rats can screen out finally.



Development and Evaluation of a Modeling Method For Experimental Rat with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

WANG Ling-yun, WANG Ping, SUN Yu-xiu, LI Dan-dan, LIU Song, ZHANG Qiu, LU Yun-xia

2011, 31(3):  160-165.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.002

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Objective To establish a fast and convinient type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model. Methods Six-week-old male SD rats were randomly allocated into three groups: normal control group, egg-diet group and model group. The model rats were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), then fed egg-diet for 4 weeks to induce diabetes. NC group rats were fed normal chow diet for 4 weeks. Egg-diet group rats were fed egg-diet for 4 weeks. Islet function in each group was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). 24hr urine specimen was collected and used to analyze urinary albumin and creatinine content. The serum biochemical indices such as FBG, FIns, TG, TC, FFA, SOD, MDA levels were measured. Islets were examined with immunohistochemical analysis of insulin. Kidneys were evalutated with HE staining and transmission electron microscopy respectively. Results Compared with NC rats, the body weight in model group and egg-diet group was increased markedly. Levels of FBG, FIns, TG, TC, MDA in model groups were increased significantly, while SOD levels and ISI values were decreased significantly. 24hr urine excretion, urine albumin and creatinine level in model group were all increased markedly. The pancreatic islets appeared smaller significantly in model group than in NC group. The kidneys in model rats became hypertrophic and kidney indices were increased significantly than in NC rats. Pathological examination showed that basilar membrane in model rats became asymmetrical thicken, foot protrusions became widen and fused mutually. Conclusions This method for improving T2DM rat model was high-efficient, stable and had low death rate, suitable for studying the mechanism and therapy of type 2 diabete mellitus and its chronic complications especially diabetic nephropathy.



An Automatic Computer Method for Macaque Facial Features' Localization

DU Xi-yang, ZHANG Hui-yun

2011, 31(3):  166-171.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.003

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Objective To propose an automatic computer method to localize facial features in macaque. Methods A color model is constructed in HSI color space based on the facial points of macaque. The threshold of the color model is applied to segment the macaque image. Then the comparative integrated facial image of the macaque can be obtained from the result by applying with erosion and dilation in mathematical morphology. Results Based on the comparative proportion relationship of the facial component's position, the macaques' facial components can be automatically located, which includes eyes, mouths and so on, it is also caught the detailed contour features of facial component with edge extraction methods. Conclusion The method demonstrated in this work is robust with quite high accuracy which can detect the facial components in macaques' facial image, and its result can support the further facial identification.



Establishment of Efficient Embryo Transfer System in Transgenic Rabbit and Cloned Rabbit production

LI Hai-bin, TIAN Jiang-tian, SONG Jun, LAI Liang-xue, GU Wei-wang

2011, 31(3):  172-177.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.004

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Objective To establish an efficient platform of embryo transplantation for production of transgenic rabbits through virus transduction and somatic nuclear transfer approaches. Method Fertilized embryos, transgenic embryos, and nuclear transfer embryos were surgically transplanted into oviduct of synchronous or asynchronous estrus rabbits. Result After transplantation with fertilized embryos, transgenic embryos, and nuclear transfer embryos, the pregnant rates of surrogates were 100%, 66.67% and 36.36%, with the birth of 19, 24 and 17 pups. Survival rates of the pups delivered by recipients with fertilized embryos, transgenic embryos, and nuclear transfer embryos were 90.48%, 92.31% and 17.65%, meantime, the ratios of delivered pub to transferred embryos were 43.75%, 21.31% and 8.54%, respectively. Conclusion An efficient rabbit embryo transfer platform was successfully established, which would be the foundation of production of transgenic rabbits and cloned rabbits.



Establishment of Evaluation Index System for Assessing the Replication Effect of Mini-pig Abdominal Wall Zipper Model

TANG Qiu, YU Chen-lin, CUI Shu-fang

2011, 31(3):  178-182.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.005

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Objective To establish the assessment system for the replication of mini-pig abdominal wall zipper model. Methods The principles to evaluate the replication effects of pig abdominal wall zipper model were established by literature and expert consultation. The software (EISAMHD.SMMU 1.0, the Evaluation Index System Of Animal Model Of Human Diseases) for assessing the replication effects for human disease models was programmed based on the evaluation indexes and the coefficients, which were made according to suggestions from the experts. The evaluation index system for assessing the replication effects of mini-pig abdominal wall zipper model was built on the base of the former works. Result The evaluation index system for assessing the replication effects of mini-pig abdominal wall zipper model was verified by the assessment practices. Conclusion The evaluation index system established is scientific, convenient and useful for the researchers.



Effects of High Fat Diet and Low Androgen Level on COX-2 expression in Penis of Male SD Rats

KUANG Lin, ZHAI Hua-ling, JIANG Bo-ren, XIA Fang-zhen, CHEN Yi, YU Jiao, ZHAO Li-juan, LI Ying, LI Yan-xiang, LU Ying-li

2011, 31(3):  183-187.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.006

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Objective To investigate the influences of high fat diet and low androgen level on structure of penis and expression of COX-2 in penis of the rat. Methods Adult male SD rats in ten weeks old were randomly divided into six groups: normal diet group, normal diet and castrated group, normal diet and castrated with undecanoate replenishment group, high fat diet group, high-fat diet and castrated group, high-fat diet and castrated with undecanoate replenishment group . After 10 weeks, the androgen level ,,structure of penis and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in corpora cavernosa of penis in these six groups were observed. Result The level of androgen in castration groups was decreased obviously,but the undecanoate replenishment can elevate the level. In high-fat diet group, structure of penis was damaged and COX-2 expression was positive in vascular of penile corpora cavernosa. Conclusion Castration operation could establish the low androgen model in male SD rats, and which could induce the damage of penis. The positive expression of COX-2 in high fat diet rats was implied that inflammatory path way was excited by high fat diet in low androgen male rats.



Pathological Analysis on Classification of Spontaneous Tumors in F344 Rats

YIN Ji-ye, DONG Yan-sheng, YUAN Ben-li, YU Shou-zhong, QU Wen-sheng, YUAN Ye, WANG He-mei, DING Ri-gao

2011, 31(3):  188-192.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.007

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Objective To establish the background database of spontaneous tumors in F344 rats bred at the National Beijing Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research. Methods Three-hundreds and thirty six F344 rats weighing 180-200 g, maintained in SPF condition were included in this study. They were routinely bred at the barrier facility of the center. After 6, 12, 18 or 24 months, the rats were euthanized at the number of 32, 64, 64 and 176, respectively. The rats were grossly examined and the weight of heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal gland, thymus, brain, testes (ovaries for the female) and epididymis (uterus for the female) were recorded and the coefficients of the organs were calculated. Tissues were routinely processed for paraffin sectioning and H.E. staining and histopathological examination were performed. The spontaneous tumors were classified and their incidence rates were calculated. Results The frequently found neoplasm in F344 rats include leydig cell tumor, adenoma in pituitary gland, large granular lymphoma (LGL), subcutaneous fibroma, mammary adenoma and pheochromocytoma. Conclusion The present study provides the background database of the spontaneous tumors in the F344 rats, and may be laid a good foundation for the carcinogenesis studies for the new drugs.



Effect of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Histopathological, Histochemical Features and Glycosaminoglycan Content of Articular Cartilage in Guinea Pigs

XIAO Ping, WANG Ning, FAN Yu-lan, DONG Miao-zhu, HONG Xing-yu, ZHONG Wei-jian

2011, 31(3):  193-197.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.008

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Objective To observe the glycosaminoglycan effects of glucosamine (GS), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and combination of the two compounds on histopathological and histochemical features and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content of cartilage of female Hartley guinea pig in vivo. Methods One hundred and twenty guinea pigs at 2 months of age were randomly distributed into 3 test groups plus a control group. Four groups were designed in the research including control group (Control group: distilled water), GS group (0.5%GS ), CS group (0.25% CS) and GS-CS combination group (0.5%GS+0.25%CS). After 5 months of administration, HE dye, PAS dye, Alcian Blue dye, Mallory dye and GAG contents were performed and measured on articular cartilage of Hartley guinea pigs. Results During the entire 5 months period, distinct pathological lesions appeared just after the first month in control group, and the distinct pathological lesions didn't appear until the third month ended in GS group. In CS group, moderate pathological lesions were observed in the fourth month, while there were almost no obviously pathological changes in combined group during the whole test period. After 2 months of treatment, GAG contents of all tested groups decreased, but from the 3^rd month, GAG contents of GS, CS and GS-CS groups increased again. Compared with the control group, GAG contents of GS, CS and GS-CS groups were different in the first 2 months (P<0.05). GAG contents of GS and GS-CS groups were significantly different in the 3^rd month (P<0.01), After 4 months, GAG contents of all tested group increased again, significantly different with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusions GS, CS and combination of the two compounds can improve the growth of articular cartilage of Hartley guinea pigs and delay the degeneration of articular cartilage. Especially the united treatment of GS and CS was the most strong, then the intensity of GS. CS was much weaker than GS and the united treatment of GS and CS.

The Effect of Ru kang tang on Breast Morphology and Expressions of Estrogen and Prolactin Receptors in Breast Hyperplasia Rats

CHEN Yong-hui, XIAO Liu-ying, PAN Jing-qiang

2011, 31(3):  198-202.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.009

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Objectives Effect of Ru kang tang on Serum Sex HormoneLevel of Hyperplasia of Mammary Gland in Rats. Methods Rat breast hyperplasia was established with estradiol benzoate and progesterone to investigate the effects of Ru kang tang on breast morphology, estrogen level and Changesin breast tissue. The 3^rd pair of breast of the rats was taken out and to observe pathological and histological changes.The expressions of estrogen receptor and prolactinp receptor in mammary glandular tissue were analyzed by immuno - histochemistry technique. Results Ru kang tang may have effects of inhibiting breast hyperplasia on model rats; . could decrease the serum levels of Estrogen and Prolactin in rats significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05); could step up the level of Progesterone obviously in rats (P<0.01, P<0.05); Conclusion Ru kang tang may have effects of inhibiting breast hyperplasia on model rats; and Ru kang tang inhibit breast hyperplasia;The therapeutical effectsof prescription on hyperplasia of mammary gland in rats are related to the improvementof endocrine environment.



A Comparative Observation on High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Rats and Mice

ZHONG Zhi-yong, RAO Zi-liang, XIE Chao-min, LI Xiong-cai, LIU Ke, WANG Gang

2011, 31(3):  203-206.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.010

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Objective To screen the high-glucose-fat diet for inducing obesity in rats and mice. Methods The rats were fed with five kinds of modified high fat diet for eight weeks, the body weight、Lee's index、organ coefficient、abdominal fat index、blood lipid and blood glucose of the rats and mice were determined. The mice were fed with high fat diet C for 8 weeks ,and the corresponding data were determined also. Results Compared with the control group, group C rats fed with high fat diet increase significantly in body weight, Lee's index, organ coefficient of the liver, kidney, spleen and testicular, abdominal fat index, triglyceride, cholesterol, blood sugar (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, group C mice fed with high fat diet increased significantly in body weight, organ coefficient of heart, liver, spleen, and kidney, abdominal fat index, triglyceride and blood sugar (P<0.05), but no significant change (P>0.05) in Lee's index, cholesterol and testicular organ coefficient. Conclusion High-fat diet can cause mice and rats nutritional obesity, and blood sugar was significantly increased. High fat diet formula composed of 15% total fat and 24% soybean meal is more reasonable, and the effects on obesity in rat was more pronounced than in mice.



Preliminary Study on mtDNA D-loop of Yunnan Diannan Small-ear Pigs and Guangxi Bama Miniature Pigs

NI Li-ju, XIE Jian-yun, HU Jian-hua

2011, 31(3):  207-210.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.011

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Objective To research the polymorphism of mtDNA in the outbred Diannan small-ear pigs and Guangxi Bama miniature pigs, and to discuss the methods of genetic monitoring on the miniature pigs. Methods The mtDNA D-loop of Diannan small-ear pigs and Guangxi Bama miniature pigs were amplified and analyzed using 18 restriction edonucleases by RFLP. Results The restriction cleavage patterns of the mtDNA D-loop showed monomorphism among or within the breeds of Diannan small-ear pigs and Guangxi Bama miniature pigs. Conclusion The genetic diversity of Diannan small-ear pigs and Guangxi Bama miniature pigs was poor, and the mtDNA PCR-RFLP techniques couldn't be applied to genetic monitoring of them.



Development of LAMP Technique and Its Application in Detection of Microorganisms

ZHANG Xiao-fei, BAI Jie-ying, ZHAO Shuang, YUAN Ju-fang, ZENG Lin

2011, 31(3):  226-230.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2011.03.017

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Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification technique that differs from polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This paper briefly reviews the reaction principle of this technique, technical characteristics, related technology, detection of microorganisms and prospect s for development.