Table of Content

25 October 2013, Volume 33 Issue 5

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Gab2 in Relation to Abnormal Proliferation and Activation in Mice Mast Cell and Organ Impairment Induced by Activating Mutant SHP-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase

CHEN Ji, CHEN Zhuo, WANG Xin-yi, ZHENG Hong, QU Cheng-kui, WANG Si-ying

2013, 33(5):  329-333.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.001

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Objective To investigate the roles of adaptor protein Gab2 in mast cell abnormal proliferation, activation, and organ damage in SHP-2^D61G/+ mutant mice. Method Four kinds of mouse model genotyped as SHP-2^+/+, Gab2^-/-, SHP-2^D61G/+, and SHP-2^D61G/+/Gab2^-/- were generated from crossbreeding of Gab2^-/- and SHP-2^D61G/+ mouse. Mouse mast cell was generated from bone marrow cell induced by IL-3, and the proliferation of different genotype mast cells stimulated with cytokine was analyzed by MTS assay; Inflammatory cytokines levels in mouse serum and mast cell secretion were measured by ELISA, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels in serum was determined by radioimmunoassay; leukocyte infiltration in mouse tissues and organ impairment were detected with histopathologic detection. Results The Results showed that Gab2 knockout reduced the mice mast cell abnormal proliferation and activation induced by SHP-2^D61G/+ mutation, decreased cytokines secretion accordingly of SHP-2^D61G/+ mice , as well as reduced heart and liver impairment. Conclusion Gab2 knockout weakens the mice mast cell abnormal proliferation and activation induced by SHP-2^D61G/+ mutation, and mitigates the heart and liver damage.



Testosterone Propionate Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Like Phenotype in Mouse

SHENG Zhe-jin, SHI Jia-hao, YAN Hui-min, WANG Wei-gang, SUN Jian-he

2013, 33(5):  334-338.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.002

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Objective To establish the infertility mice model with the phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome. Method Five-days-old female BALB/c mice were hypodermically injected on the neck and back with androgen testosterone propionate and were fed regularly until to adult. The vaginal epithelial cellular morphology cycle, sexual behavior, pregnancy ability, serum androgen levels, glucose tolerance, serum insulin levels and ovarian pathological changes were observed. Result The challenged female mice showed infertility with the character of refusing sexual behavior and constant vaginal epithelial cell keratinization. Both the testosterone level in serum and the basic blood glucose were higher in the mice than that in the control(P<0.05). Furthermore, polycystic ovarian follicle and cystic dilatation follicle were detected in androgen treated mice. Conclusion Hypodermic injection of postnatal female mice with testosterone propionate can sufficiently induces infertility in adult and results in loss of ovulatory cycle and abnormal ovarian pathological changes in animals. The testosterone propionate treated mouse could be used as one of animal model in the research area of polycystic ovary syndrome.



Preliminary Study for Evaluation System of Rat Permanent Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model by Intraluminal Suture Method

XING Feng-ying, ZHOU Ying, MA Zheng-wen, WU Wen-qing, LI Yao, CHEN Xue-jin, YAN Guo-feng

2013, 33(5):  339-346.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.003

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Objective To explore the evaluation system of rat permanent cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) model. Methods A middle cerebral artery occluded by inserting a nylon monofilament via the right external carotid artery to produce rat permanent MCAO model. The rats were weighed before the surgery and 24 h following ischemia. Neurological behavior evaluation, brain wave detection, TTC staining, HE staining and brain water content determination were evaluated in all surviving rats 24 h following ischemia as well. Results The neurological behavior evaluation of MCAO rats 24 h following ischemia were assessed according to modified 13-point score standard, and then grouping. There is significant difference in male rats weight between score 5-below (including score 5) group and score 5-above group (P<0.05). However, there is no difference of female rats between those 2 groups. Then score 5-above group was further evaluated, and found that male rats brain water content ratio of ischemic side was significantly higher than that of female rats (P<0.01), the infarction area of male rat was wider than that of female rats but there is no statistic difference. The result of HE staining showed that the right brain structure of score 5-above group was damaged obviously compare to normal brain. The result of EEG analysis also showed that the input and output information of right ischemic side of brain was hindered significantly compare to the left normal side. Conclusions TTC, HE, EEG evaluations provide the experimental evidence for using score 5 points as a boundary according to 13-point score standard. The data also confirmed that the cerebral ischemia model which neurological score only above 5 points is a successful and effective rat MCAO model.



The Antibody against Measles through Maternal-transferred and Immuno-response to First Measles Vaccine in Macaca fascicularis Infants

DUO Hai-gang, SANG Chuan-lan, CHEN Zi-liang, LIANG Xing-lin, LI Bi-hai, Jin Shi-jun, RAO Jun-hua

2013, 33(5):  347-350.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.004

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Objective To study the maternal-transferred measles antibody in order to know the optimal first measles vaccine-inoculated on Macaca fascicularis infants. Methods The 63 mother Macaca fascicularis ,with measles antibody negative,were selected after weaning, and 58 of them were vaccinated with measles and randomly averaged into two groups. Another five female didn’t vaccinate as the third group. The females of all the groups were mated with fertile male monkeys, the measles antibody were continuously tested in mothers and their infants. Results There was great correlation between maternal measles antibody level and newborn, and growth with age,maternal transferred measles antibody levels in newborns reduced gradually, up to 5 month, antibody titer less than 7%. After 20 days vaccination in 6 month old infants of the first group and the third group, and 8 month old infants of the second group, 18 (18/19,94.74%) monkeys of the first group and 3 (3/3,100%) monkeys of the third group produced antibody, The second group all could produce antibody. To 6 month, measles antibody of all infants is disappeared. The efficacy of immune in 8 month old infants is better than 6 month old infants, But the difference is not significant(P<0.05). Conclusion In order to decrease susceptible infants and prevent measles cases in infants before vaccination age(month).It was recommendated that the first measles vaccine in Macaca Fascicularis infants is 6 monthold.

Reproductive Endocrine Toxicity of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in Juvenile Female Cynomolgus

WEI Zhu-mei, XIE Li-ping, ZHU Lin, LI Zhen-ming, LIANG Fu-dong, YANG Ji-hong

2013, 33(5):  351-353.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.005

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Objective To investigate the estrogen-like activity and endocrinic interference effects of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol to Juvenile Female Cynomolgus. Methods Ten 16 month old female cynomolgus were randomly assigned to exposure and control groups, each group has 5 animals. The exposure group was given50mg 4-Nonylphenol and 200mg Bisphenol A via oral gavage. Control group was given 5ml of corn oil via oral gavage. Animals were respective dosed before breakfast once daily for 4 weeksThe body weight was recorded once a week. When the study was completed, the serum estrogen level and calculate the maturation index of vagina exfoliative cell was tested. The uterus was collected and the wet weight, endometrial and uterine smooth muscle thickness, endometrial epithelial and glandular epithelium height was measured. Results Compared to control group, the serum estrogen level and maturation index of vagina exfoliative cell were significantly higher in exposure group (P<0.05). The uterus wet weight, endometrial and uterine smooth muscle thickness, endometrial epithelial and glandular epithelium height also significantly increased in exposure group (P<0.01). Conclusion The Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol have some reproductive endocrine toxic effects to juvenile female cynomolgus.



Comparison of the Sensitivity of Mugilogobius chulae at Different Developmental Stages to Aquatic Pollutants

LI Jian-jun, HUANG Ren

2013, 33(5):  354-357.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.006

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Objective To select the appropriate developmental stage of Mugilogobius chulae for acute toxicity test. Methods By using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as reference poison, compare the sensitivity of embryo, pre-larvae, middle phase larvae, post-larvae, juvenile, young of M. chulae to poison. Results The sensitivity sequence of developmental stages of M. chulae to SDS from high to low was pre-larvae, embryo, middle phase larvae, post-larvae, juvenile and young. Conclusion The pre-larvae of M. chulae have distinct advantages in acute toxicity evaluation of aquatic pollutants.

Observation on Microstructure and Ultrastructure of Liver in Naked Mole Rat

YUAN Zi-yan, ZHAO Yi-ning, ZHANG Lu, ZHAO Shan-min, LIN Li-fang, TANG Qiu, Sun Wei, YU Chen-ling, CAI Li-ping, XU Chen, CUI Shu-fang

2013, 33(5):  373-377.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.011

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Objective To observe and analyze the morphological structure and composition of the liver in naked mole rats. Method The liver of naked mole rat was isolated from anaesthetic naked mole rat and then made to paraffin section and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, and the tissue structure was observed under common microscope.After freezing ultrathin sectioning and staining, the ultramicroscopic structure of the liver were observed by transmission electron microscope. Result The naked mole rats liver is rich in blood vessels,and the hepatic cell is larger than mice but glycogen is scarce under optical microscope. Transmission electron microscope show naked mole rat is rich in such organelles that involve in protein synthesis, such as mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Besides,naked mole rat hepatic cells have signifficent number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum , lysosomal and autophagosome. Conclusion Naked mole rats liver has strong ability of metabolism, detoxification, and the ability to degrade damaged proteins and organelles.



Observation on Micro- and Ultra-structures of the Lung in Naked Mole Rar (Heterocephalus glaber)

YUAN Zi-yan, ZHAO Yi-ning, ZHANG Lu, ZHAO Shan-min, LIN Li-fang, TANG Qiu, Sun Wei, YU Chen-ling, CAI Li-ping, XU Chen, CUI Shu-fang

2013, 33(5):  378-382.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.012

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Objective To observe and analyze the the morphological structure and composition of lung in the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber). Method The lungs were isolated from anaesthetic animals and then made to paraffin sections, which were stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) dye. The microstructure of lung was observed under optical microscope. Meanwhile, the fresh lungs were processed to ultrathin sections and stained. At last, the ultramicroscopic structure of lungs was observed by transmission electron microscope. Result The lungs of NMR looks like bronchiectasis and pulmonary atelectasis observation through optical microscope. Besides, the distribution of vasculars and bronchial epithelial cells are quite different from mice. And, the surface of alveolar epithelial cells in NMR are rich in microvilli. Moreover, the blood-gas barrier of NMR is thiker then mice’s. Conclusion The lungs of NMR show infantile development. More importantly, NMR can open or close alveolar according to the body’s metabolic rate and oxygen demand.



Observation on Micro- and Ultra-structures of Heart in Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber)

YUAN Zi-yan, ZHAO Yi-ning, ZHANG Lu, ZHAO Shan-min, LIN Li-fang, TANG Qiu, Sun Wei, YU Chen-ling, CAI Li-ping, XU Chen, CUI Shu-fang

2013, 33(5):  383-387.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.013

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Objective To observe and analyze the the morphological structure and composition of heart in naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber). Method The hearts were isolated from anaesthetic naked mole rat and then made to paraffin sections, which were stained by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) dye. The microstructure of heart was observed under optical microscope. Meanwhile, the fresh hearts were processed to ultrathin sections and stained for ultra structure observation by transmission electron microscope. Result NMRs cardiac volume is bigger than that of mice, and heart wall is significantly thicker, and myocardial cell size is also larger too. There are more blood vessels in myocardium, and diameter of blood vessels is larger than mice. The number of mitochondria in NMR myocardial is larger, but the volume of mitochondrias is smaller. There are a few chemic injuries in sarcomere, but mitochondria structure is normal. Conclusion The heart of naked mole rat has generateed many adaptive changes for the chronically hypoxic lifestyle.



Comparison on Micro- and Ultrastructure of Kidney between Naked Mole Rats and C57BL/6J Mice

ZHANG Lu, ZHAO Yi-ning, YUAN Zi-yan, ZHAO Shan-min, LIN Li-fang, TANG Qiu, Sun Wei, YU Chen-ling, CAI Li-ping, XU Chen, CUI Shu-fang

2013, 33(5):  388-394.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.014

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Objective To compare the microstructure and ultrastructure of kidney between naked mole rat(NMR, a new type of laboratory animal) and C57BL/6J mouse(a commonly used laboratory animal). Method s The kidney were taken from NMR and C57BL/6J mice , and the specimens were made for microscopic and electron microscopic(SEM) observation. Results Compared with C57BL/6J, the renal tubular epithelium of NMR is thinner, and there are also multiple pathological calcifications inside the cortex and medulla of kidney. The mitochondrion inside renal tubular epithelial cells appear to expand and even degrade, with the apparent expansion of endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusion Remarkable differences exist in the kidney tissue between NMR and C57BL/6J, there is gradual pathological damages in the renal tubular epithelial cells of NMR who in the meanwhile has the strong ability of self-reparation.



Anatomical and Histological Characteristics, and Ultrastructure of Thymus, Spleen and Lymph Node in Naked Mole Rat

ZHAO Shan-min, ZHAO Yi-ning, TANG Qiu, ZHANG Lu, YUAN Zi-yan, LIN Li-fang, XU Chen, CAI Li-ping, SUN Wei, CUI Shu-fang

2013, 33(5):  395-399.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.015

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Objective To identify the anatomical and histological characteristics and study the ultrastructure of thymus, spleen and lymph node of the naked mole rat. Methods The histological characteristics and ultrastructure of thymus, spleen and lymph node of the naked mole rat were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Results The thymus of naked mole rats degenerated significantly with a higher degree of pimelosis. A few of splenic corpuscles in spleen were found, and both capsules and trabeculaes were thick with clear boundary. There’s no significant difference on mesenteric lymph nodes between naked mole rats and C57BL/6J mice. Conclusion The anatomical and histological characteristics and ultrastructure of thymus, spleen and lymph node of the naked mole rat were identified, which will lay a foundation for further related studies in naked mole rat.



Research Progress on Biological Characteristics in Naked Mole Rat

ZHAO Shan-min, CUI Shu-fang

2013, 33(5):  400-405.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.016

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As a rodent mammal, the naked mole rat inhabit the arid regions of Africa Kenya, Ethiopia, etc. Owing to its social behavior and ecophysiology, the naked mole rat may be commonly used in biomedical research. Compared with traditional animal models, it has unparalleled advantages in cancer and aging research, mechanistic studies of geriatrics and cardiovascular disease, research and development of pain killers. The naked mole rat, as a new experimental animals, have aroused great concern at home and abroad in recent years.

Progresses on Application of Cynomolgus Macaques in Researches of Dengue Fever and Dengue Vaccine

LUO Jia, LIU Jun-Yi, PAN Bao-Jin, LUO Zhao-Fei, WEI Mei-Liang, CHEN Li-Jun

2013, 33(5):  406-410.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.017

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Dengue fever is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. In some cases, the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. Cynomolgus macaques is one of the natural host for dengue virus, and then they have been the most important and ideal experimental animal. This elicits that studying on Cynomolgus macaques in dengue fever research can promote understanding of dengue fever’s pathogenesis and development of dengue fever vaccine research. In this paper, recent progresses and their applications in vaccine in this field are briefly reviewed.

Progress of Research and Application in Hepatitis C Virus Animal Model

YU Yao-cheng, WANG Ai-qin, YIN Wen, HU Xing-bin

2013, 33(5):  411-414.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5817.2013.05.018

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of the chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, affecting more than 170 million people worldwide. The most sensitive species to HCV are restricted to humans and primates. The study on HCV infection mechanism, variation, replication, translation and interaction between the virus and human body were limited for lack of stable sensitive animal models. This review introduces the progress of research and application in HCV animal model.