Figure 1 

Figure 2 

Note： A， Intersection target map of Gegen Qinlian decoction （GQD） and diabetic heart disease （DHD）； B， Protein-protein interaction （PPI） network map constructed using the STRING database； C， Gene ontology （GO） biological process enrichment map of intersection targets； D， GO molecular function enrichment map of intersection targets； E， GO cellular component enrichment map of intersection targets； F， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment map of intersection targets. STAT3， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3； TNF， tumor necrosis factor； SRC， non-receptor tyrosine protein kinase； Akt， protein kinase B； TP53， tumor protein p53； EGFR， epidermal growth factor receptor； MAPK， mitogen-activated protein kinase； EP300， adenovirus E1A-binding protein； JUN， Jun kinase； AGE， advanced glycation end products； IL-17， interleukin-17； FoxO， forkhead box protein O.

Figure 3 

Note： A–E， Serum levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 （CXCL2）， high mobility group box-1 （HMGB1）， and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1） in mice of each group were detected by ELISA （n=6）. Mice in the model groups （model control group and GQD high-dose group） were fed a 60% high-fat diet and 5% glucose water for 4 weeks. After 12 h of fasting， 100 mg/kg STZ （dissolved in citrate buffer） was administered intraperitoneally to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Mice in the normal control group were given regular chow and drinking water， and received an equal volume of citrate buffer by intraperitoneal injection after 12 h of fasting at the same time point. After successful model establishment， mice in the GQD high-dose group were intragastrically given an aqueous extract of Gegen Qinlian decoction at a dose of 10.14 g·kg^-1·d^-1. The normal control group and model control group were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of ddH₂O. Compared with normal control group， ^* P<0.05； compared with model control group， ^# P<0.05.

Figure 4 

Note： Representative images of WGA staining （A）， quantitative analysis of cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area （B）， and representative images of HE staining （C） in mouse myocardial tissue. Mice in the model groups （model control group， GQD low-dose group， GQD medium-dose group， GQD high-dose group， and positive control group） were fed a 60% high-fat diet and 5% glucose water for 4 weeks. After 12 h of fasting， 100 mg/kg STZ （dissolved in citrate buffer） was administered intraperitoneally to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Mice in the normal control group were given regular chow and drinking water， and received an equal volume of citrate buffer by intraperitoneal injection after 12 h of fasting at the same time point. After successful model establishment， mice in the GQD low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups were intragastrically given an aqueous extract of Gegen Qinlian decoction at doses of 2.53 g·kg^-1·d^-1， 5.07 g·kg^-1·d^-1， and 10.14 g·kg^-1·d^-1， respectively. Mice in the positive control group were intragastrically administered metformin at a dose of 0.20 g·kg^-1·d^-1. The normal control group and model control group were intragastrically administered an equal volume of ddH₂O. GQD， Gegen Qinlian decoction. Scale bar=50 μm； n=6； ^* P<0.05 vs. normal control group； ^# P<0.05 vs. model control group.

Figure 5 

Note： Immunohistochemical staining results （A） and quantitative analysis （B-D） of receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE）， nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 （NLRP3）， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 （p-p65） proteins in mouse myocardial tissue. Mice in the model groups （model control group and GQD high-dose group） were fed with 60% high-fat diet and 5% glucose water for 4 weeks. After 12 h of fasting， 100 mg/kg STZ （prepared in citrate buffer） was intraperitoneally injected to establish a type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model. Mice in the normal control group received regular chow and drinking water， and were intraperitoneally injected with an equal volume of citrate buffer after 12 h of fasting at the same time point. After successful establishment of the diabetic mouse model， mice in the GQD high-dose group were intragastrically administered with an aqueous extract of Gegen Qinlian decoction at a dose of 10.14 g·kg^-1·d^-1. The normal control group and model control group received an equal volume of ddH₂O by gavage. GQD， Gegen Qinlian decoction. Scale bar=50 μm； n=6； ^*P < 0.05 vs. normal control group； ^# P<0.05 vs. model control group.