Abstract: Objective To establish a credible and convenient rabbit model of allergic rhinitis and study the histopathological and immunohistochemistrical change of nasal mucosa. Methods Both sides of nasal cavity in rabbits were instilled with 0.1ml 10% toluene -2,4-diisocyanate （TDI） olive oil solution one time every day for continuous 7 days；two days after the last instillation, provoke allergic reaction in rabbits through the above mentioned instillation method for 15 times and record the symptoms and physical sign respectively；execute the rabbits day after the last provocation and examine the nasal mucosa for histopathological and immunohistochemistrical changes. Results With the sensitization of TDI, typical allergic rhinitis symptoms and physical sign were observed in experimental rabbits. Patho-logical examination of nasal mucosa showed obvious edema and vasodilation；scattered or focal infiltrations of inflammatory cells composed of eosinophils mainly were visible on lamina propria；substance P expressed and increased drastically, staining intensified. Conclusion Establishment of rabbit model of allergic rhinitis by instillation with 0.1ml 10% TDI olive oil solution into both sides of the nasal cavity is proved simple, reliable, and with high success ratio and low mortality. The physical sign, pathological changes and immunological reaction of substance P of rabbit model are conparable to clinical symptoms and pathological changes；this model may be used for the study of allergic rhinitis and drug screening.