Abstract: Establishment of Rabbit iliac artery restenosis model after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty （PTCA）is the base for research the mechanism of restenosis. According to the character of coronary artery of Chinese people, we established an animal model by using 2.5-mm balloon catheter to denude endothelium in rabbits iliac artery. Twenty eight days after operation ,the tissue sections were stained with HE （hemalaune hematoxylin and eosin） and van Gieson for morphologic examinations. Smooth muscle cells （SMC） were indicated immunohis-tologically with an antibody against a-acting .The indexes of stenosis and proliferation were determined by image analysis system. The result showed that the model can simulate the pathologic procedure of restenosis after PTCA and confirmed that the proliferation of SMC is the mainly cause of restenosis.