Silkworm，i.e. Bombyx mori, as the typical representative of lepidopteran insect and the ideal biological model，has played a significant role in promoting the development of animal science, which specific mutation has already been the optimum material for the research on modern genetic engineering. With the accomplishment of the draft of the silkworm genome and the fine map, silkworm will further become a comparatively ideal model organism in the field of research on life sciences in postgenome era. This text summarized the silkworm’s contributions to the modem genetics; again, analyzed the status quo of silkworm as the model organism in researching realms of developmental biology, bioreactor, and the construction of molecular platform of genome and so forth; and finally, discussed the application of silkworm being the model organism in the field of Modem Biology.