Abstract: To establish the neonatal Mongolian gerbil model of lead poisoning, eleven litters of 6-7days neonatal Mongolian gerbil were randomly divided into normal，low and high lead group. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% saline or lead acetate trihydrate at the doses of 12,36 mg/kg （according to bodyweight） every other day and were breastfeeding by their mother.The weight of body and brain,lead density of blood and haemoglobin of neonatal Mongolian gerbil were measured. The pathological changes of kidney and brain were observed. The results showed thatthe weight of body,brain, and haemoglobin in low-lead and high-lead group were remarkably decreased （P＜0.05, P＜0.01） comparing to the control group,there are negative correlation between the bodyweight and lead density of blood （r=-0.669, P＜0.05）, brain weight and lead density of blood （r=-0.7403, P＜0.01）,and also haemoglobin and lead density of blood（r=-0.919；P＜0.01）； the lead density of blood was significantly increased （P＜0.01 ），and there were positive correlation between the lead density of blood and doses of lead （r=0.917, P＜0.01）.The kidney and brain damages were observed in light microscope, proximal tubule epithelial cell appeared swelling and degeneration, nervous cell appeared vacuolation necrosis and pyramidal cell degeneration in lead poisoning animals. It is suggested that the method for establishment of lead poisoning model of neonatal Mongolian gerbil by intraperitoneal injection was a kind of simple,stable and controllable way, and the model may be used for study of early stage nervous system and blood vessel system.