绵羊外周插管体外循环动物模型的建立及要点总结

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2026.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的探讨绵羊外周插管体外循环动物模型的建立及围体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass，CPB）期管理要点。方法选取健康成年绵羊8只，体质量70~80 kg，全麻诱导下行气管插管后，经左侧颈静脉、颈动脉插管建立体外循环，并以60~80 mL/（kg·min）的流量持续灌注。记录建模时间、插管成功率、术中出血量及CPB转流过程中不良事件，并于手术前（T1）、CPB转流开始后30 min（T2）、手术结束后（T3）各采集一次平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure，MAP）、中心静脉压（central venous pressure，CVP）、动脉氧分压（partial pressure of oxygen，PO₂）、二氧化碳分压（partial pressure of carbon dioxide，PCO₂）、红细胞压积（hematocrit，HCT）及血钾、血钙、乳酸（lactate，Lac）水平。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件分析，计量资料以 $x ¯$ ±s表示，行配对样本t检验，P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 8只绵羊均成功建立体外循环模型，建模成功率100%，术中无不良事件及死亡。T3与T1各指标比较均无显著差异（P＞0.05）；T2与T1比较，MAP、CVP、HCT、血钙均显著降低（P＜0.05），Lac值显著升高（P＜0.05），PO₂、PCO₂、血钾无显著差异（P＞0.05）。结论选用绵羊建立外周插管CPB模型，通过规范化的围CPB期管理，结合改良插管装置解决脑部灌注不足的问题，可保证建模高成功率，模型循环稳定、可重复性强，能为心血管外科微创外科相关实验研究提供可靠保障。

关键词: 体外循环, 绵羊模型, 外周插管, 围术期管理

Abstract:

Objective To explore the establishment of a sheep model of peripheral cannulation cardiopulmonary bypass and the key points of peri-CPB management. Methods Eight healthy adult sheep weighing 70-80 kg were selected. After induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary bypass was established via the left jugular vein and carotid artery, with continuous perfusion at a flow rate of 60-80 ml/(kg·min). The modeling time, cannulation success rate, intraoperative blood loss and adverse events during CPB were recorded. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂), partial pressure of carbonF dioxide (PCO₂), hematocrit (HCT), serum potassium, serum calcium and lactate (Lac) were collected before operation (T1), 30 minutes after the start of CPB (T2) and at the end of operation (T3). SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for analysis. Measurement data were expressed as x±s, and paired-samples t-test was performed. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results All 8 sheep successfully established the cardiopulmonary bypass model, with a 100% modeling success rate, no adverse events or death during the operation. There were no significant differences in all indicators between T3 and T1 (P>0.05). Compared with T1, MAP, CVP, HCT and serum calcium were significantly decreased at T2 (P<0.05), while lactate was significantly increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in PO₂, PCO₂ or serum potassium (P>0.05). Conclusion The establishment of a peripheral cannulation CPB model in sheep, combined with standardized peri-CPB management and modified catheters to address insufficient cerebral perfusion can ensure a high modeling success rate. The model has stable circulation and strong reproducibility, and can provide reliable support for experimental research related to minimally invasive cardiovascular surgery.

Key words: Cardiopulmonary bypass, Sheep model, Peripheral Kannulation, Perioperative management

中图分类号:

R-332
R654.1

李秋菊,贾六军,李悦,等.绵羊外周插管体外循环动物模型的建立及要点总结[J]. 实验动物与比较医学.. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2026.038.

LI Qiuju,JIA Liujun,LI Yue,et al. Establishment and Key Points Summary of Sheep Animal Model with Peripheral Kannulation Cardiopulmonary Bypass[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2026.038.

图/表 3

图1 绵羊外周插管体外循环回路示意图

注：蓝色为颈外静脉引流管路（external jugular vein drainage），红色为颈总动脉灌注管路（common carotid artery perfusion）；氧合器（oxygenator）、驱动泵（pump）为核心设备，压力监测（pressure monitoring）用于术中循环监测。

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of peripheral cannulation cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in sheep

图2 加长型颈动脉插管装置在绵羊主动脉弓内的血流导向示意图

注：箭头方向表示血流方向。加长型颈动脉插管的出液口位于主动脉弓降部及头臂干动脉分支，可直接将灌注液导向降主动脉及头端，同时满足脑部及下肢灌流。

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of blood flow guidance by the extended carotid artery cannula in the ovine aortic arch

表1

绵羊体外循环围术期各时间点血流动力学及血气生化指标统计描述与组间比较

Table 1

Statistical description and intergroup comparison of hemodynamic, blood gas and biochemical indexes in sheep during peri-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) period

指标 Index	术前(T1) Pre-operation (T1）	CPB转流30 min (T2) CPB was performed for 30 min(T2)	术后(T3) Post-operation(T3)	T2与T1比较 Comparison between T2 and T1		T3与T1比较 Comparison between T3 and T1
指标 Index	术前(T1) Pre-operation (T1）	CPB转流30 min (T2) CPB was performed for 30 min(T2)	术后(T3) Post-operation(T3)	t	P	t	P
MAP（mmHg）	84.2±11.2	66.1±3.8	82.3±7.6	3.754	＜0.01^**	1.143	0.291
CVP（cmH₂O）	8.6±2.0	5.1±1.8	9.3±2.0	4.220	＜0.01^**	-0.730	0.489
PO₂（mmHg）	161.6±15.2	166.6±14.6	156.6±18.0	-2.197	0.064	0.965	0.367
PCO₂（mmHg）	41.9±7.7	40.4±6.1	41.0±3.3	2.158	0.068	0.334	0.748
HCT（%）	26.2±1.9	20.9±1.8	25.3±1.2	7.105	＜0.01^**	2.209	0.063
K⁺（mmol/L）	4.3±0.3	4.3±0.4	4.1±0.2	-0.455	0.663	1.085	0.314
Ca²⁺（mmol/L）	1.2±0.1	1.1±0.1	1.2±0.1	3.187	0.015^*	1.673	0.138
Lac（mmol/L）	0.5±0.3	0.8±0.2	0.6±0.2	-2.879	0.024^*	-0.576	0.583

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