Abstract: Objective To establish the model of rabbit renal interstitial fibrosis. Method The renal interstitial fibrosis model was established in rabbit by unilateral ureter obstruction. Serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (Bun) level of the rabbits from 3 groups were analyzed at the end of the first, second and third week and the SPECT scanning were adopted to monitor the change of renal function; at the end of the fourth week the pathological change of renal tissue were observed by HE and PAS. Result The content of serum Scr and Bun are both significantly increased, comparing with those of the control group rabbit (P＜0.05). SPECT showed the ill side kidney with significant deformation, renal imaging faint and glomerular filtration rate significantly lower than those of control group. The interstitial fibre hyperplasia, fibrosis changes, chronic inflammation cells infiltration, part of renal tubular epithelial abscisin, cloudy swelling, part of renal tubular atrophy，and glomerular blooding were observed in experimental group, but no abnormal in control group. Conclusion The model rabbit induced by unilateral ureter ligation showing obvious renal interstitial fibrosis character and may be fit for the clinical research.

Key words: Unilateral Ureter Ligation, Renal Interstitial Fibrosis, Animal model