Abstract: Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cell lines derived from early embryos, and are one of the focus field of stem cell research. Nonhuman primates were phylogenetic closeness to human being and its ES cell lines are very similar to human.,so the nonhuman primates ES cells can provide important research tools for basic and applicative research.in this review, the establishment, characteristics and differentiation of nonhuman primate ES cell lines were introduced.