Abstract:  Objective    To study the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the immune response after polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) implantation. Methods    A mouse model of CMV infection was constructed by intraperitoneal injection. After 7 days of inoculation, PMMA was implanted into the subcutaneous of back in mice. The proportion of monocytes / macrophages, CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin -1β (IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results    Compared with the implantation control group, the proportion of M1 mononuclear / macrophages in peripheral blood decreased by 73.18% (t=5.896, P=0.004), the proportion of M2 monocytes / macrophages increased by 2.18 times (t=7.971, P=0.001), and the CD4+/CD8+T cell ratio decreased by 42.91% (t=6.468, P=0.003), while the Treg cell proportion increased by 2.49 times (t=4.495, P=0.011). Compared with the implanted control group, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in peripheral blood of implanted CMV group were reduced by 71.65% and 57.95% (t=7.236, P=0.019; t=7.543, P=0.002), respectively. Conclusion    The CMV can significantly inhibit the immune response after PPMA implantation, which provides theory evidence for the treatment of CMV-infected patients after oral biomaterials implantation.

Key words: Cytomegalovirus, Oral implant materials, Immunosuppression, Polymethyl methacrylate