28-Day Oral Toxicity Study of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil in Rats

doi:10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.216

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective This study aims to conduct a 28-day oral toxicity test to observe the subacute toxic effects of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil in rats, elucidate its impacts on physiological indicators in rats, and provide a scientific basis for the safety evaluation of this substance. Methods Eighty 4-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and three dose groups: low-dose (0.83 g/kg), medium-dose (1.67 g/kg), and high-dose (3.33 g/kg), with 10 males and 10 females in each group. The experimental groups were given Ganoderma lucidum spore oil by gavage at the corresponding doses, while the control group was given the same volume of edible corn oil. Administration lasted for 28 consecutive days, during which the rats had free access to food and water. The general condition of the rats was observed, and body weight, food intake, and food utilization rate were measured. After the treatment period, urine was collected from rats in each group for routine urinalysis. Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta under anesthesia induced by intraperitoneal administration of Zoletil 50 (5 mg/kg) and xylazine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg) for complete blood count, coagulation testing, and serum biochemical analyses. Gross necropsy was performed in all rats. Organs were excised and weighed, organ coefficients of major organs were calculated, and histopathological examinations of major organs were conducted in the control and high-dose groups. Results During the entire experimental period, all rats in the control and the three dose groups thrived without any mortality. No abnormal behaviors or clinical signs were observed in any of the groups. In the serum biochemistry, a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in total protein was found in the high-dose female group compared with the control group. However, there was no dose-response relationship, and the values remained within the normal range of historical data in our laboratory; therefore, the increase was considered not biologically significant. Rats in the remaining groups showed no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05) in complete blood count, serum biochemical parameters, coagulation parameters, urinalysis parameters, or organ coefficients compared with the control group. Histopathological examination revealed no significant abnormalities. Conclusion The results indicate that Ganoderma lucidum spore oil does not exhibit significant subacute toxicity in SD rats at the tested dose levels.

Key words: Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, SD rats, Toxicology, Subacute toxicity, Safety

CLC Number:

R114
R285.5

LI Yangjin,WU Zhenhong,HUANG Zongxiu. 28-Day Oral Toxicity Study of Ganoderma lucidum Spore Oil in Rats[J]. Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, 2026, 46(5): 660-667. DOI: 10.12300/j.issn.1674-5817.2025.216.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Body weight, body weight gain, food intake, and food utilization rate of rats in different dose groups ( $x ¯$ ±s, %)

指标 Parameters	时间 Time	雄性Male				雌性Female
指标 Parameters	时间 Time	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
体重/g Body weight/g	第0周	88.9±3.8	88.8±4.2	88.9±3.7	89.2±4.1	83.3±3.1	83.6±3.3	83.4±3.2	83.6±3.5
	第1周	152.6±8.0	149.9±9.4	154.7±10.6	156.4±6.4	129.8±4.7	127.5±8.9	131.3±5.2	130.3±5.9
	第2周	214.4±8.2	212.5±7.0	215.1±11.3	218.4±8.9	167.4±9.3	164.9±10.4	171.5±9.2	170.1±9.0
	第3周	274.6±7.3	271.7±8.8	275.1±12.3	277.5±7.8	199.6±10.2	195.4±11.4	203.4±10.5	201.7±10.6
	第4周	333.7±11.5	329.6±5.8	336.0±9.4	337.1±13.8	219.8±10.4	215.0±14.7	223.4±15.5	223.1±15.4
体重增长量/g Body weight gain/g	第1周	63.7±5.3	61.1±6.5	65.8±7.6	67.2±6.7	46.5±4.3	43.9±6.5	47.9±3.0	46.7±7.0
	第2周	61.8±2.9	62.6±6.2	60.4±6.0	62.0±8.3	37.6±6.7	37.4±7.7	40.2±10.4	39.8±6.0
	第3周	60.2±3.6	59.2±8.1	60.0±5.5	59.1±6.7	32.2±5.3	30.5±4.0	31.9±7.5	31.6±5.6
	第4周	59.1±4.8	57.9±6.6	60.9±7.5	59.6±15.6	20.2±5.0	19.6±11.0	20.0±8.2	21.4±7.4
	体重总增长量	244.8±8.8	240.8±6.7	247.1±8.2	247.9±12.2	136.5±10.5	131.4±14.0	140.0±15.7	139.5±15.8
摄食量/g Food intake/g	第1周	126.9±9.8	124.0±10.2	129.7±11.0	130.6±11.5	103.4±10.0	101.0±11.4	106.7±6.8	104.3±7.2
	第2周	147.0±9.8	144.1±8.5	150.1±8.4	152.0±8.5	135.0±8.9	130.5±10.5	137.9±8.8	139.9±7.6
	第3周	177.4±9.0	173.3±10.7	180.3±11.1	181.7±9.6	154.8±8.8	152.9±7.2	160.9±8.0	155.3±8.5
	第4周	227.2±11.3	224.0±11.2	229.4±14.2	232.1±12.0	161.3±8.1	159.3±8.9	165.6±8.6	163.5±10.4
	总摄食量	678.5±21.6	665.4±30.6	689.5±35.1	696.4±25.6	554.5±23.0	543.7±20.5	571.1±17.2	563.0±12.2
饲料利用率/% Food utilization rate/%	第1周	50.4±4.8	49.6±7.0	50.8±4.7	52.0±8.6	45.3±5.4	44.3±10.2	45.1±4.3	45.0±7.6
	第2周	42.2±3.3	43.6±5.7	40.4±5.0	40.8±5.4	28.1±6.2	28.8±6.5	29.3±7.9	28.5±4.3
	第3周	34.0±2.9	34.3±5.3	33.5±4.4	32.6±4.3	20.9±3.6	20.0±3.0	19.7±4.0	20.4±3.3
	第4周	26.0±2.0	25.9±3.5	26.6±3.1	25.7±6.7	12.6±3.4	12.2±6.9	12.0±4.5	13.1±4.8
	总利用率	36.1±1.2	36.3±2.3	35.9±2.1	35.6±1.8	24.7±2.5	24.2±2.7	24.5±2.7	24.8±2.8

Table 1

Body weight, body weight gain, food intake, and food utilization rate of rats in different dose groups ( $x ¯$ ±s, %)

指标 Parameters	时间 Time	雄性Male				雌性Female
指标 Parameters	时间 Time	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
体重/g Body weight/g	第0周	88.9±3.8	88.8±4.2	88.9±3.7	89.2±4.1	83.3±3.1	83.6±3.3	83.4±3.2	83.6±3.5
	第1周	152.6±8.0	149.9±9.4	154.7±10.6	156.4±6.4	129.8±4.7	127.5±8.9	131.3±5.2	130.3±5.9
	第2周	214.4±8.2	212.5±7.0	215.1±11.3	218.4±8.9	167.4±9.3	164.9±10.4	171.5±9.2	170.1±9.0
	第3周	274.6±7.3	271.7±8.8	275.1±12.3	277.5±7.8	199.6±10.2	195.4±11.4	203.4±10.5	201.7±10.6
	第4周	333.7±11.5	329.6±5.8	336.0±9.4	337.1±13.8	219.8±10.4	215.0±14.7	223.4±15.5	223.1±15.4
体重增长量/g Body weight gain/g	第1周	63.7±5.3	61.1±6.5	65.8±7.6	67.2±6.7	46.5±4.3	43.9±6.5	47.9±3.0	46.7±7.0
	第2周	61.8±2.9	62.6±6.2	60.4±6.0	62.0±8.3	37.6±6.7	37.4±7.7	40.2±10.4	39.8±6.0
	第3周	60.2±3.6	59.2±8.1	60.0±5.5	59.1±6.7	32.2±5.3	30.5±4.0	31.9±7.5	31.6±5.6
	第4周	59.1±4.8	57.9±6.6	60.9±7.5	59.6±15.6	20.2±5.0	19.6±11.0	20.0±8.2	21.4±7.4
	体重总增长量	244.8±8.8	240.8±6.7	247.1±8.2	247.9±12.2	136.5±10.5	131.4±14.0	140.0±15.7	139.5±15.8
摄食量/g Food intake/g	第1周	126.9±9.8	124.0±10.2	129.7±11.0	130.6±11.5	103.4±10.0	101.0±11.4	106.7±6.8	104.3±7.2
	第2周	147.0±9.8	144.1±8.5	150.1±8.4	152.0±8.5	135.0±8.9	130.5±10.5	137.9±8.8	139.9±7.6
	第3周	177.4±9.0	173.3±10.7	180.3±11.1	181.7±9.6	154.8±8.8	152.9±7.2	160.9±8.0	155.3±8.5
	第4周	227.2±11.3	224.0±11.2	229.4±14.2	232.1±12.0	161.3±8.1	159.3±8.9	165.6±8.6	163.5±10.4
	总摄食量	678.5±21.6	665.4±30.6	689.5±35.1	696.4±25.6	554.5±23.0	543.7±20.5	571.1±17.2	563.0±12.2
饲料利用率/% Food utilization rate/%	第1周	50.4±4.8	49.6±7.0	50.8±4.7	52.0±8.6	45.3±5.4	44.3±10.2	45.1±4.3	45.0±7.6
	第2周	42.2±3.3	43.6±5.7	40.4±5.0	40.8±5.4	28.1±6.2	28.8±6.5	29.3±7.9	28.5±4.3
	第3周	34.0±2.9	34.3±5.3	33.5±4.4	32.6±4.3	20.9±3.6	20.0±3.0	19.7±4.0	20.4±3.3
	第4周	26.0±2.0	25.9±3.5	26.6±3.1	25.7±6.7	12.6±3.4	12.2±6.9	12.0±4.5	13.1±4.8
	总利用率	36.1±1.2	36.3±2.3	35.9±2.1	35.6±1.8	24.7±2.5	24.2±2.7	24.5±2.7	24.8±2.8

Table 2

Complete blood counts of rats in different dose groups （ $x ¯$ ±s)

指标 Parameters	雄性 Male				雌性 Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
WBC C _cell /（10⁹·L^-1）	6.55±1.51	5.80±1.72	6.42±3.08	5.45±1.56	5.85±1.85	4.78±1.61	4.56±1.35	5.42±0.79
NEUT%	9.2±2.4	11.6±5.8	10.6±3.1	10.6±2.0	10.1±3.6	8.3±3.3	9.0±3.8	7.9±2.5
LYMPH%	83.9±5.0	81.7±6.6	83.9±3.0	82.7±2.5	83.6±3.9	85.5±4.3	85.2±3.5	85.7±4.4
MONO%	5.9±3.8	5.9±1.2	4.8±1.2	5.6±0.9	4.7±1.0	4.6±1.5	4.3±1.4	4.9±1.2
EOS%	0.9±1.1	0.7±0.4	0.6±0.3	1.1±0.8	1.4±0.8	1.5±0.8	1.4±0.7	1.5±2.3
BASO%	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.1	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.1	0.1±0.1	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.0
RBC C _cell /（10¹²·L^-1）	7.10±0.50	6.98±0.32	7.02±0.32	6.93±0.42	6.68±0.22	6.73±0.38	6.84±0.31	6.74±0.28
HGB ρ/（g·L^-1）	143.1±5.8	142.5±4.9	143.7±4.8	142.8±6.2	138.4±2.7	138.2±7.2	139.9±4.3	141.0±4.6
HCT/%	37.32±2.23	36.52±1.18	36.93±1.64	36.24±1.89	34.63±0.79	34.42±1.91	34.70±1.24	35.12±1.22
PLT C _cell /（10⁹·L^-1）	1 052.0±127.1	1 028.6±74.5	1 071.8±108.0	1 102.6±94.5	1 072.5±99.9	1 137.2±95.6	1 115.5±83.4	1 038.4±55.8
PT t/s	9.47±0.42	9.24±0.44	9.17±0.15	9.19±0.44	8.46±0.60	8.43±0.29	8.35±0.27	8.10±0.50
APTT t/s	17.20±1.03	17.61±1.44	17.56±1.22	17.04±1.70	16.55±0.70	17.98±2.09	17.41±3.08	17.31±1.51

Table 2

Complete blood counts of rats in different dose groups （ $x ¯$ ±s)

指标 Parameters	雄性 Male				雌性 Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
WBC C _cell /（10⁹·L^-1）	6.55±1.51	5.80±1.72	6.42±3.08	5.45±1.56	5.85±1.85	4.78±1.61	4.56±1.35	5.42±0.79
NEUT%	9.2±2.4	11.6±5.8	10.6±3.1	10.6±2.0	10.1±3.6	8.3±3.3	9.0±3.8	7.9±2.5
LYMPH%	83.9±5.0	81.7±6.6	83.9±3.0	82.7±2.5	83.6±3.9	85.5±4.3	85.2±3.5	85.7±4.4
MONO%	5.9±3.8	5.9±1.2	4.8±1.2	5.6±0.9	4.7±1.0	4.6±1.5	4.3±1.4	4.9±1.2
EOS%	0.9±1.1	0.7±0.4	0.6±0.3	1.1±0.8	1.4±0.8	1.5±0.8	1.4±0.7	1.5±2.3
BASO%	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.1	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.1	0.1±0.1	0.1±0.0	0.1±0.0
RBC C _cell /（10¹²·L^-1）	7.10±0.50	6.98±0.32	7.02±0.32	6.93±0.42	6.68±0.22	6.73±0.38	6.84±0.31	6.74±0.28
HGB ρ/（g·L^-1）	143.1±5.8	142.5±4.9	143.7±4.8	142.8±6.2	138.4±2.7	138.2±7.2	139.9±4.3	141.0±4.6
HCT/%	37.32±2.23	36.52±1.18	36.93±1.64	36.24±1.89	34.63±0.79	34.42±1.91	34.70±1.24	35.12±1.22
PLT C _cell /（10⁹·L^-1）	1 052.0±127.1	1 028.6±74.5	1 071.8±108.0	1 102.6±94.5	1 072.5±99.9	1 137.2±95.6	1 115.5±83.4	1 038.4±55.8
PT t/s	9.47±0.42	9.24±0.44	9.17±0.15	9.19±0.44	8.46±0.60	8.43±0.29	8.35±0.27	8.10±0.50
APTT t/s	17.20±1.03	17.61±1.44	17.56±1.22	17.04±1.70	16.55±0.70	17.98±2.09	17.41±3.08	17.31±1.51

Table 3

Blood biochemical indicators of rats in different dose groups （ $x ¯$ ±s)

指标 Parameters	雄性 Male				雌性 Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
ALT z/（U·L^-1）	43.83±5.17	48.48±6.75	43.48±10.33	43.23±9.39	39.38±6.87	41.13±6.59	36.76±4.27	40.16±9.55
AST z/（U·L^-1）	152.69±29.74	166.68±26.66	138.35±20.83	135.09±20.24	134.47±16.93	133.96±19.57	135.16±24.46	141.66±21.64
GGT z/（U·L^-1）	1.58±0.49	1.65±0.43	1.89±0.39	1.53±0.35	1.55±0.43	1.67±0.24	1.67±0.27	1.27±0.35
ALP z/（U·L^-1）	266.37±39.79	284.12±29.19	259.86±48.18	249.48±58.36	116.13±26.17	129.10±29.80	131.33±33.24	141.06±31.94
Urea c/（mmol·L^-1）	5.27±0.59	4.83±0.62	4.96±0.76	4.79±0.53	5.99±0.67	6.01±0.61	6.01±0.89	5.56±0.43
Cr c/（μmol·L^-1）	22.23±4.66	25.36±3.52	22.00±5.50	19.57±5.17	31.26±5.32	31.45±5.21	31.32±5.23	29.17±4.72
GLU c/（mmol·L^-1）	6.74±1.61	5.99±0.87	7.36±2.93	6.07±0.95	7.33±1.15	7.09±0.83	7.42±0.96	6.96±1.43
TP ρ/（g·L^-1）	56.47±1.67	54.80±2.50	56.19±2.57	54.64±1.93	54.21±1.81	53.80±2.31	54.77±2.01	56.70±1.60^*
ALB ρ/（g·L^-1）	32.27±0.64	31.61±1.02	32.14±0.97	31.63±0.87	31.95±0.67	31.67±1.53	31.57±1.26	32.58±0.70
TC c/（mmol·L^-1）	2.04±0.12	1.97±0.28	2.12±0.27	1.82±0.34	1.74±0.30	1.84±0.36	1.82±0.35	1.84±0.28
TG c/（mmol·L^-1）	0.59±0.49	0.47±0.24	0.55±0.19	0.57±0.18	0.33±0.11	0.40±0.09	0.34±0.08	0.40±0.06
Cl^- c/（mmol·L^-1）	150.60±3.63	151.20±4.52	153.19±3.78	149.25±4.30	138.58±4.59	136.89±3.27	135.73±4.95	135.78±3.93
K^＋ c/（mmol·L^-1）	7.93±0.97	7.64±0.96	7.40±0.87	7.34±0.83	6.41±0.24	6.45±0.45	6.26±0.22	6.26±0.38
Na^＋ c/（mmol·L^-1）	142.85±2.29	141.80±1.74	141.29±2.25	143.56±2.66	142.47±2.53	140.54±1.69	139.90±2.61	141.14±3.66

Table 3

Blood biochemical indicators of rats in different dose groups （ $x ¯$ ±s)

指标 Parameters	雄性 Male				雌性 Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
ALT z/（U·L^-1）	43.83±5.17	48.48±6.75	43.48±10.33	43.23±9.39	39.38±6.87	41.13±6.59	36.76±4.27	40.16±9.55
AST z/（U·L^-1）	152.69±29.74	166.68±26.66	138.35±20.83	135.09±20.24	134.47±16.93	133.96±19.57	135.16±24.46	141.66±21.64
GGT z/（U·L^-1）	1.58±0.49	1.65±0.43	1.89±0.39	1.53±0.35	1.55±0.43	1.67±0.24	1.67±0.27	1.27±0.35
ALP z/（U·L^-1）	266.37±39.79	284.12±29.19	259.86±48.18	249.48±58.36	116.13±26.17	129.10±29.80	131.33±33.24	141.06±31.94
Urea c/（mmol·L^-1）	5.27±0.59	4.83±0.62	4.96±0.76	4.79±0.53	5.99±0.67	6.01±0.61	6.01±0.89	5.56±0.43
Cr c/（μmol·L^-1）	22.23±4.66	25.36±3.52	22.00±5.50	19.57±5.17	31.26±5.32	31.45±5.21	31.32±5.23	29.17±4.72
GLU c/（mmol·L^-1）	6.74±1.61	5.99±0.87	7.36±2.93	6.07±0.95	7.33±1.15	7.09±0.83	7.42±0.96	6.96±1.43
TP ρ/（g·L^-1）	56.47±1.67	54.80±2.50	56.19±2.57	54.64±1.93	54.21±1.81	53.80±2.31	54.77±2.01	56.70±1.60^*
ALB ρ/（g·L^-1）	32.27±0.64	31.61±1.02	32.14±0.97	31.63±0.87	31.95±0.67	31.67±1.53	31.57±1.26	32.58±0.70
TC c/（mmol·L^-1）	2.04±0.12	1.97±0.28	2.12±0.27	1.82±0.34	1.74±0.30	1.84±0.36	1.82±0.35	1.84±0.28
TG c/（mmol·L^-1）	0.59±0.49	0.47±0.24	0.55±0.19	0.57±0.18	0.33±0.11	0.40±0.09	0.34±0.08	0.40±0.06
Cl^- c/（mmol·L^-1）	150.60±3.63	151.20±4.52	153.19±3.78	149.25±4.30	138.58±4.59	136.89±3.27	135.73±4.95	135.78±3.93
K^＋ c/（mmol·L^-1）	7.93±0.97	7.64±0.96	7.40±0.87	7.34±0.83	6.41±0.24	6.45±0.45	6.26±0.22	6.26±0.38
Na^＋ c/（mmol·L^-1）	142.85±2.29	141.80±1.74	141.29±2.25	143.56±2.66	142.47±2.53	140.54±1.69	139.90±2.61	141.14±3.66

Table 4

Urinalysis results of rats in different dose groups

指标 Parameters	雄性 Male				雌性 Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
PRO(P/N)	1/9	2/8	3/7	3/7	0/10	2/8	0/10	0/10
pH， $x ¯$ ±s	6.6±1.0	6.8±0.5	7.2±0.5	6.8±0.9	6.6±0.5	6.4±0.5	6.3±0.3	6.8±0.6
GLU(P/N)	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10
RBC（P/N）	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10
SG， $x ¯$ ±s	1.023±0.010	1.012±0.005	1.012±0.008	1.012±0.004	1.020±0.010	1.023±0.006	1.028±0.004	1.024±0.008

Table 4

Urinalysis results of rats in different dose groups

指标 Parameters	雄性 Male				雌性 Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
PRO(P/N)	1/9	2/8	3/7	3/7	0/10	2/8	0/10	0/10
pH， $x ¯$ ±s	6.6±1.0	6.8±0.5	7.2±0.5	6.8±0.9	6.6±0.5	6.4±0.5	6.3±0.3	6.8±0.6
GLU(P/N)	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10
RBC（P/N）	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10	0/10
SG， $x ¯$ ±s	1.023±0.010	1.012±0.005	1.012±0.008	1.012±0.004	1.020±0.010	1.023±0.006	1.028±0.004	1.024±0.008

Table 5

Body weight, organ weight, and organ-to-body weight ratios of rats in different dose groups ( $x ¯$ ±s)

指标 Parameters	雄性Male				雌性Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
禁食后体重/g Body weight after fasting/g	315.6±12.6	314.7±6.4	319.0±10.0	320.1±15.0	208.7±12.0	205.5±12.0	211.8±14.6	209.7±11.8
心脏重量/g Heart weight/g	1.16±0.12	1.19±0.11	1.14±0.09	1.20±0.10	0.86±0.05	0.82±0.09	0.90±0.10	0.87±0.06
心体比/% Heart-to-body weight ratio/%	0.37±0.03	0.38±0.04	0.36±0.03	0.38±0.04	0.41±0.02	0.40±0.05	0.43±0.05	0.42±0.03
肝脏重量/g Liver weight/g	10.16±1.17	10.34±0.90	10.14±0.87	10.70±1.10	6.48±0.76	6.25±0.69	6.39±0.51	6.68±0.60
肝体比/% Liver-to-body weight ratio/%	3.22±0.39	3.29±0.30	3.18±0.27	3.34±0.27	3.10±0.27	3.04±0.23	3.02±0.19	3.19±0.30
肾脏重量/g Kidney weight/g	2.46±0.13	2.48±0.14	2.44±0.15	2.45±0.13	1.57±0.10	1.53±0.09	1.61±0.14	1.60±0.15
肾体比/% Kidney-to-body weight ratio/%	0.78±0.04	0.79±0.06	0.77±0.05	0.77±0.05	0.75±0.03	0.74±0.05	0.76±0.09	0.77±0.07
脾脏重量/g Spleen weight/g	0.71±0.10	0.69±0.15	0.73±0.13	0.71±0.14	0.49±0.08	0.50±0.07	0.47±0.06	0.51±0.06
脾体比/% Spleen-to-body weight ratio/%	0.23±0.03	0.22±0.05	0.23±0.04	0.22±0.04	0.23±0.03	0.24±0.03	0.22±0.04	0.24±0.03
胸腺重量/g Thymus weight/g	0.67±0.07	0.65±0.06	0.69±0.10	0.67±0.10	0.58±0.10	0.59±0.07	0.57±0.08	0.55±0.08
胸腺体比/% Thymus-to-body weight ratio/%	0.21±0.02	0.21±0.02	0.22±0.03	0.21±0.03	0.28±0.05	0.29±0.03	0.27±0.04	0.26±0.03
肾上腺重量/g Adrenal gland weight/g	0.061±0.009	0.062±0.008	0.059±0.008	0.064±0.009	0.067±0.008	0.064±0.010	0.066±0.008	0.068±0.008
肾上腺体比/% Adrenal gland-to-body weight ratio/%	0.019±0.002	0.020±0.003	0.019±0.003	0.020±0.002	0.032±0.004	0.031±0.005	0.031±0.004	0.033±0.005
睾丸重量/g Testes weight/g	3.37±0.18	3.33±0.19	3.31±0.11	3.43±0.15	-	-	-	-
睾丸体比/% Testis-to-body weight ratio/%	1.07±0.08	1.06±0.08	1.04±0.05	1.07±0.07	-	-	-	-

Table 5

Body weight, organ weight, and organ-to-body weight ratios of rats in different dose groups ( $x ¯$ ±s)

指标 Parameters	雄性Male				雌性Female
指标 Parameters	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group	对照组 Control group	低剂量组 Low-dose group	中剂量组 Medium-dose group	高剂量组 High-dose group
禁食后体重/g Body weight after fasting/g	315.6±12.6	314.7±6.4	319.0±10.0	320.1±15.0	208.7±12.0	205.5±12.0	211.8±14.6	209.7±11.8
心脏重量/g Heart weight/g	1.16±0.12	1.19±0.11	1.14±0.09	1.20±0.10	0.86±0.05	0.82±0.09	0.90±0.10	0.87±0.06
心体比/% Heart-to-body weight ratio/%	0.37±0.03	0.38±0.04	0.36±0.03	0.38±0.04	0.41±0.02	0.40±0.05	0.43±0.05	0.42±0.03
肝脏重量/g Liver weight/g	10.16±1.17	10.34±0.90	10.14±0.87	10.70±1.10	6.48±0.76	6.25±0.69	6.39±0.51	6.68±0.60
肝体比/% Liver-to-body weight ratio/%	3.22±0.39	3.29±0.30	3.18±0.27	3.34±0.27	3.10±0.27	3.04±0.23	3.02±0.19	3.19±0.30
肾脏重量/g Kidney weight/g	2.46±0.13	2.48±0.14	2.44±0.15	2.45±0.13	1.57±0.10	1.53±0.09	1.61±0.14	1.60±0.15
肾体比/% Kidney-to-body weight ratio/%	0.78±0.04	0.79±0.06	0.77±0.05	0.77±0.05	0.75±0.03	0.74±0.05	0.76±0.09	0.77±0.07
脾脏重量/g Spleen weight/g	0.71±0.10	0.69±0.15	0.73±0.13	0.71±0.14	0.49±0.08	0.50±0.07	0.47±0.06	0.51±0.06
脾体比/% Spleen-to-body weight ratio/%	0.23±0.03	0.22±0.05	0.23±0.04	0.22±0.04	0.23±0.03	0.24±0.03	0.22±0.04	0.24±0.03
胸腺重量/g Thymus weight/g	0.67±0.07	0.65±0.06	0.69±0.10	0.67±0.10	0.58±0.10	0.59±0.07	0.57±0.08	0.55±0.08
胸腺体比/% Thymus-to-body weight ratio/%	0.21±0.02	0.21±0.02	0.22±0.03	0.21±0.03	0.28±0.05	0.29±0.03	0.27±0.04	0.26±0.03
肾上腺重量/g Adrenal gland weight/g	0.061±0.009	0.062±0.008	0.059±0.008	0.064±0.009	0.067±0.008	0.064±0.010	0.066±0.008	0.068±0.008
肾上腺体比/% Adrenal gland-to-body weight ratio/%	0.019±0.002	0.020±0.003	0.019±0.003	0.020±0.002	0.032±0.004	0.031±0.005	0.031±0.004	0.033±0.005
睾丸重量/g Testes weight/g	3.37±0.18	3.33±0.19	3.31±0.11	3.43±0.15	-	-	-	-
睾丸体比/% Testis-to-body weight ratio/%	1.07±0.08	1.06±0.08	1.04±0.05	1.07±0.07	-	-	-	-

Figure 1 Results of HE staining of rat liver in the control （A） and high-dose （B） groups

Note： Arrows indicate the vacuolization of the liver； the scale bar is 100 μm.

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