Abstract: Objective To establish rabbit iliac arterial re-stcnotic models. Methods Endothelium-denudation in iliac artery was conducted by Fogarty catheter and second injury by balloon angioplasty, and thirty-six New Zealand White rabbits were used in the experiment. Saphenous artery was accessed for the first injury，and femoral artery for the second injury. Arteriography, electroscopic and pathological examinations were used to detect rc-stcnotic samples excised immediately and to day 84 after balloon angioplasty. Results Among the 34 limbs which were successfully done, re-stenotic rate was 50%～80%） in 28 right iliac arteries, and less than 50% in 6. Main components of neointima and media were vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs）. With the progress of the time after operation, numbers of VSMCs were decreased while the foam cells were increased, ccllular components were decreased while the collagen components were increased, proportion of neo-intima was increased while that of media was decreased. Conclusion The improved rabbit re-stenotic models were stable and reliable, and the surgical procedures were easily as well.

Key words: Rabbit, Iliac artery：Balloon injury, Re-stenosis