Abstract: The effects of oleic acid on pulmonary injury in guinea pigs were observed,by the calculation of the pulmonary coefficient and examining the pathological sections. The results indicated that compared with the contrast group, the respiratory rate of the oleic acid group increased,depth of respiration shallowed, showing "distress condition" - dyspnea； the pulmonary ceofficient increased (P＜0.05)，pulmonary volume enlarged obviousely； hyperemia and punctate hemorrhage in pulmonary mesenchyma,edema in pulmonary alveoli. The resuitfs suggest that oleic acid can be used to establish RDS model in guinea pig. Anisodamine can antagonize the pulmonary lesions in guinea pigs caused by oleic acid.